scholarly journals MicroRNAs-1299, -126-3p and -30e-3p as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Prediabetes

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 949
Author(s):  
Cecil J. Weale ◽  
Don M. Matshazi ◽  
Saarah F. G. Davids ◽  
Shanel Raghubeer ◽  
Rajiv T. Erasmus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Receiver Operating

This cross-sectional study investigated the association of miR-1299, -126-3p and -30e-3p with and their diagnostic capability for dysglycaemia in 1273 (men, n = 345) South Africans, aged >20 years. Glycaemic status was assessed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Whole blood microRNA (miRNA) expressions were assessed using TaqMan-based reverse transcription quantitative-PCR (RT-qPCR). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves assessed the ability of each miRNA to discriminate dysglycaemia, while multivariable logistic regression analyses linked expression with dysglycaemia. In all, 207 (16.2%) and 94 (7.4%) participants had prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), respectively. All three miRNAs were significantly highly expressed in individuals with prediabetes compared to normotolerant patients, p < 0.001. miR-30e-3p and miR-126-3p were also significantly more expressed in T2DM versus normotolerant patients, p < 0.001. In multivariable logistic regressions, the three miRNAs were consistently and continuously associated with prediabetes, while only miR-126-3p was associated with T2DM. The ROC analysis indicated all three miRNAs had a significant overall predictive ability to diagnose prediabetes, diabetes and the combination of both (dysglycaemia), with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) being significantly higher for miR-126-3p in prediabetes. For prediabetes diagnosis, miR-126-3p (AUC = 0.760) outperformed HbA1c (AUC = 0.695), p = 0.042. These results suggest that miR-1299, -126-3p and -30e-3p are associated with prediabetes, and measuring miR-126-3p could potentially contribute to diabetes risk screening strategies.

scholarly journals Accuracy and adequacy of waist circumference cut-off points currently recommended in Brazilian adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Avila Vianna ◽  
Rogério da Silva Linhares ◽  
Renata Moraes Bielemann ◽  
Eduardo Coelho Machado ◽  
David Alejandro González-Chica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Receiver Operating

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the adequacy and accuracy of cut-off values currently recommended by the WHO for assessment of cardiovascular risk in southern Brazil.DesignPopulation-based study aimed at determining the predictive ability of waist circumference for cardiovascular risk based on the use of previous medical diagnosis for hypertension, diabetes mellitus and/or dyslipidaemia. Descriptive analysis was used for the adequacy of current cut-off values of waist circumference, receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed and the most accurate criteria according to the Youden index and points of optimal sensitivity and specificity were identified.SettingPelotas, southern Brazil.SubjectsIndividuals (n2112) aged ≥20 years living in the city were selected by multistage sampling, since these individuals did not report the presence of previous myocardial infarction, angina pectoris or stroke.ResultsThe cut-off values currently recommended by WHO were more appropriate in men than women, with overestimation of cardiovascular risk in women. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve showed moderate predictive ability of waist circumference in men (0·74, 95 % CI 0·71, 0·76) and women (0·75, 95 % CI 0·73, 0·77). The method of optimal sensitivity and specificity showed better performance in assessing the accuracy, identifying the values of 95 cm in men and 87 cm in women as the best cut-off values of waist circumference to assess cardiovascular risk.ConclusionsThe cut-off values currently recommended for waist circumference are not suitable for women. Longitudinal studies should be conducted to evaluate the consistency of the findings.

Diagnostic studies

2010 ◽  
pp. 339-351
Author(s):  
Janet L. Peacock ◽  
Philip J. Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Receiver Operating

Sensitivity and specificity 340 Calculations for sensitivity and specificity 342 Effect of prevalence 344 Likelihood ratio, pre-test odds, post-test odds 346 Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves 348 Links to other statistics 350 In this chapter we describe how statistical methods are used in diagnostic testing to obtain different measures of a test’s performance. We describe how to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values, and show the relevance of pre- and post-test odds and likelihood ratio in evaluating a test in a clinical situation. We also describe the receiver operating characteristic curve and show how this links with logistic regression analysis. All methods are illustrated with examples....

scholarly journals Comparing 2 Versions of the Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory With the Action Research Arm Test

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan R Barreca ◽  
Paul W Stratford ◽  
Lisa M Masters ◽  
Cynthia L Lambert ◽  
Jeremy Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Moment Coefficient ◽  
Longitudinal Validity ◽  
Receiver Operating

Background and Purpose. The Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory (CAHAI) is a new, validated upper-limb measure that uses a 7-point quantitative scale in order to assess functional recovery of the arm and hand after a stroke. The purposes of this study were: (1) to determine whether the longitudinal validity of scores on 2 versions of a new upper-limb measure, the CAHAI (CAHAI-9 and CAHAI-13), was greater than that of scores on the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) and (2) to determine whether the cross-sectional and longitudinal validity of the CAHAI-13 scores was greater than that of the CAHAI-9 scores. Subjects. One hundred five people with upper-limb dysfunction following a stroke were stratified into 2 impairment groups (mild to moderate and severe), which were expected to change by different amounts. Methods. The CAHAI-13 and ARAT were administered twice (time between assessments varied from 2 to 6 weeks). Receiver operating characteristic curves, Pearson product moment coefficient of correlation, and regression analyses were used. Results. Receiver operating characteristic curve areas (CAHAI-13=0.86, CAHAI-9=0.82, ARAT=0.72) were significantly greater for the CAHAI versions. Scores on both CAHAI versions had identical levels of cross-sectional validity. Discussion and Conclusion. Both CAHAI versions demonstrated more sensitivity to change than the ARAT. It remains unclear whether the CAHAI-9 provides precise estimates of CAHAI-13 scores at the individual level. [Barreca SR, Stratford PW, Masters LM, et al. Comparing 2 versions of the Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory with the Action Research Arm Test. Phys Ther. 2006;86:245–253.]

scholarly journals Prognostic Factors and Nomograms to Predict Overall and Cancer-Specific Survival for Children with Wilms’ Tumor

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Fucai Tang ◽  
Hanbin Zhang ◽  
Zechao Lu ◽  
Jiamin Wang ◽  
Chengwu He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Receiver Operating

Objective. This study is aimed at constructing and verifying nomograms that forecast overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of children with Wilms’ tumor (WT). Patients and methods. Clinical information of 1613 WT patients who were under 18 years old between 1988 and 2010 was collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Using these data, we performed univariate as well as multivariate Cox’s regression analyses to determine independent prognostic factors for WT. Then, nomograms to predict 3- and 5-year OS and CSS rates were constructed based on the identified prognostic factors. The nomograms were validated externally and internally. The nomograms’ reliability was evaluated utilizing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and concordance indices (C-indices). Results. 1613 WT patients under 18 were involved in the study and randomly divided into the training (n=1210) and validation (n=403) cohorts. Age at diagnosis, tumor laterality, tumor size, tumor stage, and use of surgery were determined as independent prognostic factors for OS and CSS in WT and were further applied to construct prognostic nomograms. The C-index and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) revealed the great performance of our nomograms. Internal and external calibration plots also showed excellent agreement between actual survival and nomogram prediction. Conclusion. Precise and convenient nomograms were developed for forecasting OS and CSS of children with WT. These nomograms were able to offer accurate and individualized prognosis and assisted clinicians in performing suitable therapy.

scholarly journals Comparison of Telemedicine Screening of Diabetic Retinopathy by Mydriatic Smartphone-Based vs Nonmydriatic Tabletop Camera-Based Fundus Imaging

2020 ◽  
pp. 247412642095830
Author(s):  
Yong Seok Han ◽  
Mythili Pathipati ◽  
Carolyn Pan ◽  
Loh-Shan Leung ◽  
Mark Scott Blumenkranz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Camera Imaging ◽  
Safety Net Hospital ◽  
Receiver Operating

Purpose: To compare dilated smartphone-based imaging with a nonmydriatic, tabletop fundus camera as a teleophthalmology screening tool for diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods: This was a single-institutional, cross-sectional, comparative-instrument study. Fifty-six patients at a safety-net hospital underwent teleophthalmology screening for DR using standard, nonmydriatic fundus photography with a tabletop camera (Nidek NM-1000) and dilated fundus photography using a smartphone camera with lens adapter (Paxos Scope, Verana Health). Masked graders performed standardized photo grading. Quantitative comparisons were performed employing descriptive, κ, Bland-Altman, and receiver operating characteristic analyses Results: Posterior segment photography was of sufficient quality to grade in 89% of mydriatic smartphone-imaged eyes and in 86% of nonmydriatic tabletop camera-imaged eyes ( P = .03). Using the tabletop camera as the reference to detect moderate nonproliferative DR or worse (referral-warranted DR), mydriatic smartphone-acquired photographs were found to be 82% sensitive and 96% specific. Dilated smartphone imaging detected referral-warranted DR in 3 eyes whose tabletop camera imaging did not demonstrate referral-warranted DR. Secondary masked review of medical records for the discordances in referral-warranted status from the two imaging modalities was performed, and it revealed revised sensitivity and specificity values of 95% and 98%, respectively. Overall, there was good agreement between tabletop camera and smartphone-acquired photo grades (κ = 0.91 ± 0.1, P < .001; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.99, 95% CI, 0.98-1.00). Conclusions: Mydriatic smartphone-based imaging resulted in fewer ungradable photos compared to nonmydriatic table-top camera imaging and detected more patients with referral-warranted DR. Our study supports the use of mydriatic smartphone teleophthalmology as an alternative method to screen for DR.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Somatosensory Evoked Potential Monitoring in Evaluating Neurological Complications During Endovascular Aneurysm Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J Ares ◽  
Ramesh M Grandhi ◽  
David M Panczykowski ◽  
Gregory M Weiner ◽  
Parthasarathy Thirumala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Somatosensory Evoked Potential ◽  
Operating Characteristic Curve ◽  
Receiver Operating

Abstract BACKGROUND Somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) monitoring is used extensively for early detection and prevention of neurological complications in patients undergoing many different neurosurgical procedures. However, the predictive ability of SSEP monitoring during endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms is not well detailed. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of intraoperative SSEP in the prediction postprocedural neurological deficits (PPNDs) after coil embolization of intracranial aneurysms. METHODS This population-based cohort study included patients ≥18 years of age undergoing intracranial aneurysm embolization with concurrent SSEP monitoring between January 2006 and August 2012. The ability of SSEP to predict PPNDs was analyzed by multiple regression analyses and assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS In a population of 888 patients, SSEP changes occurred in 8.6% (n = 77). Twenty-eight patients (3.1%) suffered PPNDs. A 50% to 99% loss in SSEP waveform was associated with a 20-fold increase in risk of PPND; a total loss of SSEP waveform, regardless of permanence, was associated with a greater than 200-fold risk of PPND. SSEPs displayed very good predictive ability for PPND, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.84 (95% CI 0.76-0.92). CONCLUSION This study supports the predictive ability of SSEPs for the detection of PPNDs. The magnitude and persistence of SSEP changes is clearly associated with the development of PPNDs. The utility of SSEP monitoring in detecting ischemia may provide an opportunity for neurointerventionalists to respond to changes intraoperatively to mitigate the potential for PPNDs.

scholarly journals Devising a Pace-Based Definition for “The Wall”: An Observational Analysis of Marathoners' Subjective Experiences of Fatigue

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 494-500
Author(s):  
Cailbhe Doherty ◽  
Alison Keogh ◽  
Barry Smyth ◽  
Peter Megyesi ◽  
Brian Caulfield
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subjective Reports ◽  
Receiver Operating

Context Many runners report “hitting The Wall” (HTW) during a marathon (42.2 km). However, the performance manifestation of this subjectively experienced phenomenon remains unclear. Objective To identify a pace-based classification for HTW by integrating subjective reports of fatigue and runners' pacing profiles during a marathon. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Public race event (2018 Dublin Marathon). Patients or Other Participants Eighty-three runners (28 [34%] women, 55 [66%] men, age = 41.5 ± 9.1 years, height = 1.73 ± 0.09 m, mass = 70.2 ± 10.1 kg). Main Outcome Measure(s) The pacing profiles for respondents to our postrace questionnaire that concerned the phenomenon of HTW were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed on discretized outcomes of the time series of marathoners' paces during the race. Results Using the receiver operating characteristic analyses, we observed that runners could be classified as having experienced HTW if they ran any 1-km segment 11% slower than the average of the remaining segments of the race (accuracy = 84.6%, sensitivity = 1, specificity = 0.6) or if the standard deviation of the normalized 1-km split times exceeded 0.0532 (accuracy = 83%, sensitivity = 0.818, specificity = 0.8). Similarly, runners could be classified as having experienced HTW if they ran any 5-km segment 7.3% slower than the average of the remaining 5-km segments of the race (accuracy = 84.6%, sensitivity = 1, specificity = 0.644) or if the standard deviation of the normalized 5-km split times exceeded 0.0346 (accuracy = 82%, sensitivity = 0.909, specificity = 0.622). Conclusions These pace-based criteria could be valuable to researchers evaluating HTW prevalence in cohorts for whom they lack subjective questionnaire data.

scholarly journals Validation of self-reported figural drawing scales against anthropometric measurements in adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1944-1951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Dratva ◽  
Randi Bertelsen ◽  
Christer Janson ◽  
Ane Johannessen ◽  
Bryndis Benediktsdóttir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Receiver Operating

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to validate figural drawing scales depicting extremely lean to extremely obese subjects to obtain proxies for BMI and waist circumference in postal surveys.DesignReported figural scales and anthropometric data from a large population-based postal survey were validated with measured anthropometric data from the same individuals by means of receiver-operating characteristic curves and a BMI prediction model.SettingAdult participants in a Scandinavian cohort study first recruited in 1990 and followed up twice since.SubjectsIndividuals aged 38–66 years with complete data for BMI (n 1580) and waist circumference (n 1017).ResultsMedian BMI and waist circumference increased exponentially with increasing figural scales. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses showed a high predictive ability to identify individuals with BMI > 25·0 kg/m2 in both sexes. The optimal figural scales for identifying overweight or obese individuals with a correct detection rate were 4 and 5 in women, and 5 and 6 in men, respectively. The prediction model explained 74 % of the variance among women and 62 % among men. Predicted BMI differed only marginally from objectively measured BMI.ConclusionsFigural drawing scales explained a large part of the anthropometric variance in this population and showed a high predictive ability for identifying overweight/obese subjects. These figural scales can be used with confidence as proxies of BMI and waist circumference in settings where objective measures are not feasible.

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