scholarly journals Duodenal Pseudomelanosis: A Literature Review

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1974
Author(s):  
Gianluca Lopez ◽  
Marianna D’Ercole ◽  
Stefano Ferrero ◽  
Giorgio Alberto Croci
Keyword(s):  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Histological Confirmation ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Duodenal pseudomelanosis (also known as pseudomelanosis duodeni) is a rare endoscopic incidental finding defined by a pigmentation limited to the apex of the intestinal villi, which requires histological confirmation. While its exact pathogenesis is still poorly understood, it appears free from clinical consequences. This condition is believed to be associated with oral iron intake, antihypertensive drugs containing a sulfur moiety (i.e., hydralazine, furosemide), and several chronic diseases (i.e., hypertension, end-stage renal disease, diabetes). However, the exact prevalence of these treatments and comorbidities among patients with duodenal pseudomelanosis is not clearly defined. Several case reports and case series about duodenal pseudomelanosis have been published in recent years. In this review, we aimed to clearly define its endoscopic and microscopic presentation; its epidemiology, associated comorbidities, and drugs; the most useful special histochemical techniques used to classify the nature of the pigmentation; and the most relevant differential diagnoses. In addition, by considering our findings, we also formulated a number of hypotheses about its pathogenesis.

Abacavir/lamivudine/dolutegravir single tablet regimen in patients with human immunodeficiency virus and end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M Michienzi ◽  
Christopher A Schriever ◽  
Melissa E Badowski
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Drug Discontinuation ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

No single-tablet antiretroviral (ARV) regimens (STRs) are approved for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD). Based on known pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, abacavir (ABC)/lamivudine (3TC)/dolutegravir (DTG) STR may represent a promising option. This case series presents the safety and efficacy of ABC/3TC/DTG STR in patients with HIV and ESRD on HD. Patients were included if they were HIV-positive, maintained on intermittent HD for ESRD, switched to an ARV regimen containing ABC/3TC/DTG, and had at least one set of virologic data before and after the switch. Average age (±standard deviation) was 59 (±8) years. The majority of patients were cis-gender male and non-Hispanic Black. Only one demonstrated clinically significant resistance at baseline. All were on multiple-tablet regimens prior to the switch. Five patients (83%) achieved undetectable HIV-RNA after the switch while only four patients (46%) were undetectable immediately prior. No decline in immune function was noted. ABC/3TC/DTG STR was well tolerated. Only one patient self-reported an adverse event (nausea), which resolved without drug discontinuation. Based on these data, it appears that ABC/3TC/DTG may be a safe and effective ARV-STR option for patients with HIV and ESRD on HD. A larger trial including a PK analysis is needed to confirm these findings.

Laparoscopic Surgery in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis: A Review of the Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Mari ◽  
Renzo Scanziani ◽  
Sara Auricchio ◽  
Jacopo Crippa ◽  
Dario Maggioni
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Open Surgery ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Laparoscopic Technique ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an effective renal replacement therapy for the treatment of end-stage renal disease. Patients on PD undergoing abdominal open surgery often fail to resume PD. Laparoscopic surgery has recently become a serious alternative to open surgery in patients on PD to treat different abdominal pathologies. However, only a few studies have reported successful procedures without Tenckhoff catheter removal. The aim of this review is to describe how a laparoscopic technique can allow PD patients to deal with abdominal surgery without shifting to hemodialysis. Only 50 cases of laparoscopic surgical intervention in PD patients have been published to our knowledge. These case series largely concern laparoscopic cholecystectomies, appendectomies, nephrectomies, colectomies, and bariatric procedures. The reported cases show how laparoscopic surgery can be accepted as a valid option for several abdominal surgical procedures in patients on PD with good outcomes and early resumption of PD.

Tolerability of Dose Escalation of Ibandronate in Patients with Multiple Myeloma and End-Stage Renal Disease: A Case Series

Onkologie ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 482-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk M. Henrich ◽  
Martin Hoffmann ◽  
Michael Uppenkamp ◽  
Raoul Bergner
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Dose Escalation ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

scholarly journals Efficacy of various antihypertensive drugs in the treatment of hypertension in the patients of end-stage renal disease leading to hemodialysis: a retrospective study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Razi Ahmad ◽  
Anwar Habib ◽  
Sana Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Antihypertensive Agents ◽  
Muscle Cramps ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Background: Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the patients of end-stage renal disease leading to hemodialysis. Majority of these patients suffers from hypertension and adequate control of blood pressure is a challenge in these patients because of multifactorial etiology and complicated pharmacokinetic changes in these patients. The present study aims is to find out the best possible drug or combination of drugs that can provide better control of blood pressure and improve the quality of life of these patients.Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on the patients who attended the hemodialysis unit of Hakeem Abdul Hamid Centenary hospital from July 2015 to June 2016 (one year), data on antihypertensive drugs and blood pressure control (pre-dialysis and post-dialysis) were recorded and analyzed.Results: 68.75% patients on hemodialysis were suffering from hypertension and were on antihypertensive medication. A combination of Amlodipine and clonidine were the most frequently prescribed antihypertensive agents. Muscle cramps an acute rise in blood pressure and hypotension were the most frequently encountered intradialytic complications in these patients.Conclusions: Although a combination of amlodipine and clonidine was most frequently prescribed antihypertensive medication in these patients these drugs were associated with intradialytic complications like muscle cramps and hypotension. Amlodipine with beta-adrenoceptor blocker (metoprolol or bisoprolol) provided best control of blood pressure in these patients with least intradialytic complications.

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