scholarly journals Flexibility of Boolean Network Reservoir Computers in Approximating Arbitrary Recursive and Non-Recursive Binary Filters

Entropy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 954
Author(s):  
Moriah Echlin ◽  
Boris Aguilar ◽  
Max Notarangelo ◽  
David Gibbs ◽  
Ilya Shmulevich
Keyword(s):  
Boolean Functions ◽  
Boolean Networks ◽  
Average Sensitivity ◽  
Approximation Accuracy ◽  
Balance System ◽  
Binary Signal ◽  
And Function ◽  
Binary Functions ◽  
And Training ◽  
Effective Approximation

Reservoir computers (RCs) are biology-inspired computational frameworks for signal processing that are typically implemented using recurrent neural networks. Recent work has shown that Boolean networks (BN) can also be used as reservoirs. We analyze the performance of BN RCs, measuring their flexibility and identifying the factors that determine the effective approximation of Boolean functions applied in a sliding-window fashion over a binary signal, both non-recursively and recursively. We train and test BN RCs of different sizes, signal connectivity, and in-degree to approximate three-bit, five-bit, and three-bit recursive binary functions, respectively. We analyze how BN RC parameters and function average sensitivity, which is a measure of function smoothness, affect approximation accuracy as well as the spread of accuracies for a single reservoir. We found that approximation accuracy and reservoir flexibility are highly dependent on RC parameters. Overall, our results indicate that not all reservoirs are equally flexible, and RC instantiation and training can be more efficient if this is taken into account. The optimum range of RC parameters opens up an angle of exploration for understanding how biological systems might be tuned to balance system restraints with processing capacity.

scholarly journals Flexibility of Boolean Network Reservoir Computers in Approximating Arbitrary Recursive and Non-recursive Binary Filters

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moriah Echlin ◽  
Boris Aguilar ◽  
Max Notarangelo ◽  
David L Gibbs ◽  
Ilya Shmulevich
Keyword(s):  
Boolean Functions ◽  
Boolean Networks ◽  
Approximation Accuracy ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
Balance System ◽  
Binary Signal ◽  
And Function ◽  
Binary Functions ◽  
And Training ◽  
Effective Approximation

Reservoir computers (RCs) are a biology inspired computational framework for signal processing typically implemented using recurrent neural networks. Recent work has shown that Boolean networks (BN) can also be used as reservoirs. We analyze the performance of BN RCs, measuring their flexibility and identifying factors that determine effective approximation of Boolean functions that are applied in a sliding-window fashion over a binary signal, either non-recursively or recursively. We train and test BN RCs of different sizes, signal connectivity, and in-degree to approximate 3-bit, 5-bit and 3-bit recursive binary functions. We analyze how BN RC parameters and function average sensitivity, a measure of function smoothness, affect approximation accuracy as well as the spread of accuracies for a single reservoir. We found that approximation accuracy and reservoir flexibility are highly dependent on RC parameters. Overall, our results indicate that not all reservoirs are equally flexible and RC instantiation and training can be more efficient if this is taken into account. The optimum range of RC parameters opens up an angle of exploration for understanding how biological systems might be tuned to balance system restraints with processing capacity.

Control of random Boolean networks via average sensitivity of Boolean functions

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 036401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Jian Chen ◽  
Yi-Guang Hong
Keyword(s):  
Boolean Functions ◽  
Boolean Networks ◽  
Average Sensitivity ◽  
Random Boolean Networks

scholarly journals Minimum complexity drives regulatory logic in Boolean models of living systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Subbaroyan ◽  
Olivier C. Martin ◽  
Areejit Samal
Keyword(s):  
Biological Networks ◽  
Boolean Functions ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Boolean Networks ◽  
Average Sensitivity ◽  
Boolean Models ◽  
Complexity Measures ◽  
Random Boolean Networks ◽  
Update Rules

The properties of random Boolean networks as models of gene regulation have been investigated extensively by the statistical physics community. In the past two decades, there has been a dramatic increase in the reconstruction and analysis of Boolean models of biological networks. In such models, neither network topology nor Boolean functions (or logical update rules) should be expected to be random. In this contribution, we focus on biologically meaningful types of Boolean functions, and perform a systematic study of their preponderance in gene regulatory networks. By applying the k[P] classification based on number of inputs k and bias P of functions, we find that most Boolean functions astonishingly have odd bias in a reference biological dataset of 2687 functions compiled from published models. Subsequently, we are able to explain this observation along with the enrichment of read-once functions (RoFs) and its subset, nested canalyzing functions (NCFs), in the reference dataset in terms of two complexity measures: Boolean complexity based on string lengths in formal logic which is yet unexplored in the biological context, and the average sensitivity. Minimizing the Boolean complexity naturally sifts out a subset of odd-biased Boolean functions which happen to be the RoFs. Finally, we provide an analytical proof that NCFs minimize not only the Boolean complexity, but also the average sensitivity in their k[P] set.

439 EFFECTS OF EXERCISE AND TRAINING ON NEUTROPHIL NUMBER AND FUNCTION

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S78
Author(s):  
K. L. Woolley ◽  
J. Kajiura ◽  
D. MacDougall ◽  
N. L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Neutrophil Number ◽  
And Function ◽  
Exercise And Training ◽  
And Training

scholarly journals Accompaniment of Village Library Development in Grajagan Village, Purwoharjo District, Banyuwangi Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-175
Author(s):  
Hari Siswoyo ◽  
Dwi Priyantoro ◽  
M. Taufiq ◽  
Andre P. Hendrawan ◽  
Eri Widayanti
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Library Management ◽  
The People ◽  
Library Development ◽  
Library Staff ◽  
Book Collections ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Village ◽  
Role And Function ◽  
And Training

The Grajagan village had a library located at the village office. So far, the library has not been managed and utilized optimally. The problems that occur in this library include the lack of book collections, the absence of chairs and tables for readers, the condition of the library is not well organized, and the library staff were not trained in managing the library. These problems have resulted in the low interest of the people of Grajagan village to visit the village library. To solve the problems, it was necessary to provide assistance in library development. Library development is carried out through the addition of book collections, providing chairs and tables for readers, arranging library space, and training for library staff. Based on the results of community service activities that have been carried out, it can be stated that the library's book collection has increased by 88 books, the library space becomes more comfortable with the increase in furniture, and the library staff has increased their knowledge in terms of library management. To further increase the role and function of the library, promotion or introduction to the library's book collections and facilities to local villagers is required.

Geospatial Technology

2012 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Richard G. Boehm ◽  
Audrey Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Training Programs ◽  
Academic Programs ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Degree Programs ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Science Department ◽  
Geospatial Technology ◽  
Important Position ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Training

Research into the nature and function of curricular matters in applied geography has provided an opportunity to assess the penetration and relative importance of geospatial technology to the discipline of geography. Departments of Geography with degree programs in applied geography were surveyed to find out how important geospatial technology was in the preparation of students for meaningful jobs and careers. The Applied Geography Specialty Group of the Association of American Geographers (AAG) was also surveyed about the value of geospatial technology, as was the 95 academic programs that listed applied geography as a “program specialty” in the AAG Guide to Geography Programs in the Americas. There was a uniform agreement across these various groups that geospatial technology occupied an extremely important position in their overall course offerings, and if you are watching the workplace, such courses are not only sensible but offer critical employable skills for students upon graduation. It is widely known that geospatial technology education and training require a large commitment of departmental resources, including faculty lines, equipment expenditures, space, and technical support. A geography department and its university’s administration have to understand these unique requirements and allocate resources, more akin to a computer science department than a traditional academic unit. This reality is of immediate importance to geography departments because almost one quarter of all academic jobs advertised in geography over the last six years have been in the broad area of geospatial technology. A final conclusion to this research is a policy matter that suggests geography departments take a strong proprietorial position toward providing education in geospatial technology because other disciplines and training programs see opportunities in a rapidly expanding workplace skill and they are aggressively pursuing a niche of their own.

scholarly journals On the Lyapunov Exponent of Monotone Boolean Networks †

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1035
Author(s):  
Ilya Shmulevich
Keyword(s):  
Lyapunov Exponent ◽  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Boolean Functions ◽  
Boolean Network ◽  
Discrete Dynamical Systems ◽  
Boolean Networks ◽  
Asymptotic Formulas ◽  
Small Perturbations ◽  
Monotone Boolean Functions ◽  
Almost All

Boolean networks are discrete dynamical systems comprised of coupled Boolean functions. An important parameter that characterizes such systems is the Lyapunov exponent, which measures the state stability of the system to small perturbations. We consider networks comprised of monotone Boolean functions and derive asymptotic formulas for the Lyapunov exponent of almost all monotone Boolean networks. The formulas are different depending on whether the number of variables of the constituent Boolean functions, or equivalently, the connectivity of the Boolean network, is even or odd.

scholarly journals Assessable learning outcomes for the EU Education and Training Framework core and Function A specific modules: Report of an ETPLAS WORKING Group

2020 ◽  
pp. 002367722096858
Author(s):  
Ismene A Dontas ◽  
Kenneth Applebee ◽  
Martje Fentener van Vlissingen ◽  
Viola Galligioni ◽  
Katerina Marinou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Training

Article 23(2) of the European Union Directive 2010/63/EU, which regulates welfare provisions for animals used for scientific purposes, requires that staff involved in the care and use of animals for scientific purposes be adequately educated and trained before they undertake any such work. However, the nature and extent of such training is not stipulated in the Directive. To facilitate Member States in fulfilling their education and training obligations, the European Commission developed a common Education and Training Framework, which was endorsed by the Member States Competent Authorities. An Education & Training Platform for Laboratory Animal Science (ETPLAS) Working Group was recently established to develop further guidance to the Learning Outcomes in the Framework, with the objective to clarify the levels of knowledge and understanding required by trainees, and to provide the criteria by which these Learning Outcomes should be assessed. Using the Framework document as a starting point, assessment criteria for the Learning Outcomes of the modules required for Function A persons (carrying out procedures on animals) for rats, mice and zebrafish were created with sufficient detail to enable trainees, providers and assessors to appreciate the level of knowledge, understanding and skills required to pass each module. Adoption and utilization of this document by training providers and accrediting or approving bodies will harmonize introductory education and training for those involved in the care and use of animals for scientific purposes within the European Union, promote mutual recognition of training within and between Member States and therefore free movement of personnel.

Impact of Different Sports and Training on Cardiac Structure and Function

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Fagard
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cardiac Structure ◽  
Cardiac Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Training

scholarly journals Evolving Functional and Structural Dynamism in Coupled Boolean Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Bull
Keyword(s):  
Network Model ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Boolean Networks ◽  
Network Node ◽  
Mobile Dna ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Node Connectivity ◽  
And Function

This article uses a recently presented abstract, tunable Boolean regulatory network model to further explore aspects of mobile DNA, such as transposons. The significant role of mobile DNA in the evolution of natural systems is becoming increasingly clear. This article shows how dynamically controlling network node connectivity and function via transposon-inspired mechanisms can be selected for to significant degrees under coupled regulatory network scenarios, including when such changes are heritable. Simple multicellular and coevolutionary versions of the model are considered.

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