scholarly journals The Interdependence of Autonomous Human-Machine Teams: The Entropy of Teams, But Not Individuals, Advances Science

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Lawless
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Methodological Individualism ◽  
Interdependence Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Autonomy ◽  
High Level ◽  
Intelligence Approach

Key concepts: We review interdependence theory measured by entropic forces, findings in support, and several examples from the field to advance a science of autonomous human-machine teams (A-HMTs) with artificial intelligence (AI). While theory is needed for the advent of autonomous HMTs, social theory is predicated on methodological individualism, a statistical and qualitative science that neither generalizes to human teams nor HMTs. Maximum interdependence in human teams is associated with the performance of the best teams when compared to independent individuals; our research confirmed that the top global oil firms maximize interdependence by minimizing redundant workers, replicated for the top militaries in the world, adding that impaired interdependence is associated with proportionately less freedom, increased corruption, and poorer team performance. We advanced theory by confirming that the maximum interdependence in teams requires intelligence to overcome obstacles to maximum entropy production (MEP; e.g., navigating obstacles while abiding by military rules of engagement requires intelligence). Approach: With a case study, we model as harmonic the long-term oscillations driven by two federal agencies in conflict over closing two high-level radioactive waste tanks, ending when citizens recommended closing the tanks. Results: While contradicting rational consensus theory, our quasi-Nash equilibrium model generates the information for neutrals to decide; it suggests that HMTs should adopt how harmonic oscillations in free societies regulate human autonomy to improve decisions and social welfare.

A case study of noise pollution levels during the restrictions period due to COVID-19.

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (6) ◽  
pp. 206-214
Author(s):  
David Montes-González ◽  
Juan Miguel Barrigón-Morillas ◽  
Ana Cristina Bejarano-Quintas ◽  
Manuel Parejo-Pizarro ◽  
Guillermo Rey-Gozalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) led to the need for drastic control measures around the world to reduce the impact on the health of the population. The confinement of people in their homes resulted in a significant reduction in human activity at every level (economic, social, industrial, etc.), which was reflected in a decrease in environmental pollution levels. Studying the evolution of parameters, such as the level of environmental noise caused by vehicle traffic in urban environments, makes it possible to assess the impact of this type of measure. This paper presents a case study of the acoustic situation in Cáceres (Spain) during the restriction period by means of long-term acoustic measurements at various points of the city.

Water in the Time of Drought II: Lessons from Droughts around the World

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaëlle Ortiz ◽  
Anamaría Núñez ◽  
Corinne Cathala ◽  
Ana R. Rios ◽  
Mauro Nalesso
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Institutional Frameworks ◽  
The World ◽  
Relevant Case ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Successes And Challenges

This technical note is an update to the previous "Water in the Time of Drought: Lessons from Five Droughts Around the World", published in 2018. It explores drought situations and policies in Spain (including the Canary Islands), Chile, Mexico, the dry corridor between Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador, Brazil, and South Africa. Each of these countries has recently dealt with droughts and/or developed long-term solutions to manage them. HydroBID, a tool developed by the IDB, will be presented through relevant case studies. After defining drought experiences and institutional frameworks in each country, the brief will explore the successes and challenges of national drought and water management policies. Best practices and lessons learned will be extracted from each case study to help policymakers better prepare for droughts.

Entrepreneurial Work-Integrated Learning

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
Alon Eisenstein ◽  
Neta Raz
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Job Security ◽  
Integrated Learning ◽  
Gen Y ◽  
The World ◽  
Work Integrated Learning

After decades of decreasing long-term job security and ongoing global economic crises, attention on and interest in entrepreneurship have significantly increased among Gen Y and Gen Z students in higher education institutions around the world. The pedagogical potential of work-integrated learning (WIL) and the increased offering of entrepreneurship programs in higher education intersect in a field referred to as entrepreneurial WIL (EWIL). This field, where WIL pedagogy is applied to deliver the learning outcomes of entrepreneurship education, is discussed here. The unique features and associated challenges that EWIL presents, particularly when compared with traditional forms of WIL experiences, are also examined, from the framework of a case study conducted on an internship-based course offered in a Canadian university. This chapter contributes to an understanding of the various factors that should be considered when developing novel EWIL programs in higher education institutions.

Citizen Chen: a challenging test for bilateral diplomacy

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Barthélémy Michalon
Keyword(s):  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
High Level

Subject area Diplomatic and consular policies; legal aspects of international relations and Asia regional scenario. Study level/applicability Undergraduate. Case overview In April 2012, high-level officials from China and the USA were about to meet in Beijing in the framework of the bilateral Strategic and Economic Dialogue, organized on a yearly basis. The event was always delicate, due to the ambiguous relationship existing between the two countries, which were at the same time rivals and dependent on one another. That time, the tension previous to the meeting increased significantly: a Chinese human rights activist had just sought and obtained diplomatic protection in the US Embassy in Beijing, thus creating an embarrassing situation for both States' foreign departments […] How could they possibly solve this contentious issue without affecting their already sensitive relationship? Expected learning outcomes Analytical: to be aware of the political nature of the current Chinese Government; to realize the concrete and practical implications of an Embassy's special status; to balance two contradictory objectives, in a specific situation where none of them can be fully discarded; to contrast and try to combine long-term goals (in this case, to maintain a functioning relationship between two main world powers) with short-term objectives (in this case, how to deal with a Chinese activist that required protection against his own country's security forces); to find a modus vivendi (conciliation) between values and interests; to get convinced that certain kinds of negotiations cannot be conceived through a “win or lose” approach: in this case, the only way out must be respectful of the two parties' core interests; and to take into account that image preservation (“face-saving”) must be included within any country's objectives in any situation involving diplomatic means. Conceptual: the purpose is to familiarize the students with specific concepts, such as: best alternative to a negotiated agreement (BATNA), which is to be mentioned as part of the discussion (it is not included in the case study itself); interdependence; (purported) Group of Two; asylum and refuge; Immunity; and sending state/receiving state. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes.

scholarly journals Long-Term Power Outage and Preparedness of the Population of a Region in the Czech Republic—A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13142
Author(s):  
Štěpán Kavan ◽  
Olga Dvořáčková ◽  
Jiří Pokorný ◽  
Lenka Brumarová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Power Outages ◽  
Power Outage ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The World ◽  
Nonparametric Correlation ◽  
World Point

The power outages that have occurred in recent years around the world point to widespread problems with consequences for the lives and health of the population, but also material damage. This is a case study that focuses on the evaluation of the preparedness of the population of a selected region in the Czech Republic for a long-term power outage. This article deals with a case study that focuses on the evaluation of the preparedness of the population of the Karlovy Vary region in the field of emergency survival. Part of the study is the evaluation of the respondents’ answers, which provides an overview of the actual state of preparedness for power outages on a sample group of respondents in the Karlovy Vary region. The research method used was a survey using questionnaires. The obtained information was subsequently statistically evaluated by nonparametric correlation using Kendall’s taub. From the presented results of the survey, it is clear that the inhabitants of smaller municipalities are better prepared for a power outage and can create basic conditions for emergency survival.

National economy investmentattr activeness: a bibliographican alysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-75
Author(s):  
Bogdan Moskaleko ◽  
Oleksandr Borovik ◽  
Yaroslav Reshetniak
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Evaluation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Access Data ◽  
New Jobs

Introduction. The problem of country investment attractiveness, and approaches to its evaluation have been thoroughly debated over few last decades. Attracting of foreign direct investment (FDI) that is dedicated to creation of new jobs and added value in Ukraine, is relevant since independence declaration in 1991 and until now. It is believed, Ukrainian economy has unlimited investment potential, and reasonable high level of investment attractiveness, based on its geographical location and existing natural resources. Apparently, based on open access data, Ukraine has one of the worst in Europe FDI and GDP dynamic. Thus, the fundamental studies considering concept of “country investment potential” is highly relevant due to current macroeconomic condition in Ukraine. Within this work, authors researched recent studies of investment attractiveness evaluation around the world, and assumed their common principles. purpose of the research is to review most recent publications around the world on country investment potential evaluation topic. Results.The authors researched current relevant publications in journals which are indexed by international research databases. The analysis has shown that vast majority of current studies are connected to emerging market economies such as China and India. Among those papers, the most common approach to evaluate country’s investment attractiveness was usage of statistical methods. It allows considering a reasonably significant number of independent variables. Based on UNCTAD data [1], emerging economies show the best dynamic data related to GDP growth, and FDI inflows and outflows within last decade. According to abovementioned, the authors focused the research related to developing countries. Prospects. The Future researches could be long-term promising within the direction of country investment potential evaluation, taking into consideration socio-cultural determinants of specific countries in relevant statistical models.

CASE STUDY: STABILISATION OF A RAPIDLY ERODING POINT USING AN INSITU-FILLED GEOTEXTILE CONTAINER GROYNE FIELD

2017 ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Bobbie Corbett ◽  
Nicholas Wellwood ◽  
David Shing ◽  
Leslie Angus Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Recreational Beach ◽  
High Level

Munna Point is a premiere recreational beach in the Noosa River which has been maintained by regular nourishment for over 20 years. As longevity of each nourishment was less than 6 months, the long-term costs were high and efforts were eventually suspended resulting in loss of the beach. In an effort to reinstate the amenity and provide a more stable beach, a groyne field accompanied by nourishment was proposed. To provide a low-impact, low-risk and low-cost solution, the groynes were designed with a low crest using sand-filled geotextile containers. To achieve the design, containers and scour mattresses were filled in-situ using a dredge, which was an innovative application of a methodology typically adopted for much larger containers. The first 3 groynes have successfully been installed as part of the first stage and 12 months of monitoring subsequently undertaken. The groynes have clearly been effective at extending the longevity of the nourishment and the wider intertidal profile has remained very stable. The beach is now successfully enhancing the amenity of the community and experiencing a high level of usage.

scholarly journals Data Analytics Based Risk Management for Students’ Performance – A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Somasundaram ◽  
K.A. Mohamed Junaid ◽  
D. Sudha ◽  
Sabari L. Umamaheswari
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
The World

Business leaders around the world are using emerging technologies to capitalize on data, to create business value and to compete effectively in a digitally driven world. Among them the risk assessment and the risk management, based on the assessment is a process which can be made using the available past historical data and applying Data Analytics. Although it is being implemented in different business domains, it is at a nascent stage. It is further new and emerging in the area of Education. This paper describes such a process followed in an educational institution of an engineering college and the use of data for risk management. Based on the processes followed, the performance of the students is seen to be improving in academic performance, placement, higher education and entrepreneurship. This also provides a good process and framework for taking strategic initiatives which will give long term benefits in the areas like research and outreach activities.

scholarly journals Writing Famine, Writing Empire: Food Crisis and Anticolonial Aesthetics in Liam O'Flaherty's Famine and Bhabani Bhattacharya's So Many Hungers!

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourit Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Food Crisis ◽  
Irish Famine ◽  
The World ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Agrarian Crisis

In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the colonies controlled by the British, the Dutch, and other European countries witnessed a number of devastating famines. These famines did not solely arise for the ‘natural’ reasons of the shortage of rainfall or food availability problems, but were aggravated by the systemic imperialist exploitation of the world by these major European powers. Taking as its case study the two great famines in Ireland and India – the 1845–52 Irish Famine and the 1943–44 Bengal Famine – the essay offers a reading of Liam O'Flaherty's Famine (1937) and Bhabani Bhattacharya's So Many Hungers! (1947). It shows that these works – apart from registering the devastating impact of the famines on the colonial population – have pointed through their powerful uses of content, form, and style to the world-historical reasons of long-term agrarian crisis, political instability, tyranny of the landlord classes, inefficiency of the British Empire, and others as responsible for the famines.

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