scholarly journals Composition Classification of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 998
Author(s):  
Luis Javier Herrera ◽  
Carlos José Todero Peixoto ◽  
Oresti Baños ◽  
Juan Miguel Carceller ◽  
Francisco Carrillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Monte Carlo Code ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
The Many

The study of cosmic rays remains as one of the most challenging research fields in Physics. From the many questions still open in this area, knowledge of the type of primary for each event remains as one of the most important issues. All of the cosmic rays observatories have been trying to solve this question for at least six decades, but have not yet succeeded. The main obstacle is the impossibility of directly detecting high energy primary events, being necessary to use Monte Carlo models and simulations to characterize generated particles cascades. This work presents the results attained using a simulated dataset that was provided by the Monte Carlo code CORSIKA, which is a simulator of high energy particles interactions with the atmosphere, resulting in a cascade of secondary particles extending for a few kilometers (in diameter) at ground level. Using this simulated data, a set of machine learning classifiers have been designed and trained, and their computational cost and effectiveness compared, when classifying the type of primary under ideal measuring conditions. Additionally, a feature selection algorithm has allowed for identifying the relevance of the considered features. The results confirm the importance of the electromagnetic-muonic component separation from signal data measured for the problem. The obtained results are quite encouraging and open new work lines for future more restrictive simulations.

scholarly journals High energy cosmic ray interactions and UHECR composition problem

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Sergey Ostapchenko
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Hadronic Interactions ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray Interactions ◽  
Composition Problem

The differences between contemporary Monte Carlo generators of high energy hadronic interactions are discussed and their impact on the interpretation of experimental data on ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) is studied. Key directions for further model improvements are outlined. The prospect for a coherent interpretation of the data in terms of the UHECR composition is investigated.

scholarly journals COMPUTATIONAL SCHEMES FOR THE PROPAGATION OF ULTRA HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (A) ◽  
pp. 703-706
Author(s):  
Roberto Aloisio
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Particle Interactions ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Computational Schemes ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Stochastic Nature ◽  
Computation Scheme ◽  
High Energy Particles

We discuss the problem of ultra high energy particles propagation in astrophysical backgrounds. We present two different computational schemes based on kinetic and Monte Carlo approaches. The kinetic approach is an analytical computation scheme based on the hypothesis of continuos energy losses while the Monte Carlo scheme takes into account also the stochastic nature of particle interactions. These schemes, which give quite reliable results, enable the computation of fluxes keeping track of the different primary and secondary components, providing a fast and useful workbench for studying Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays.

scholarly journals Air showers, hadronic models, and muon production

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
S. J. Sciutto
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Simulation System ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Muon Production

We report on a study about some characteristics of muon production during the development of extended air showers initiated by ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. Using simulations with the recent new version of the AIRES air shower simulation system, we analyze and discuss on the observed discrepancies between experimental measurements and simulated data.

scholarly journals Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays mass composition studies with the Telescope Array Surface Detector data

2018 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 08007
Author(s):  
Yana Zhezher
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Atomic Mass ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Telescope Array ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Surface Detector

The results on ultra-high energy cosmic rays’ chemical composition based on the data from the Telescope Array surface detector are reported. The analysis is based the boosted decision tree (BDT) multivariate analysis built upon 14 observables related to both the properties of the shower front and the lateral distribution function. The multivariate classifier is trained with Monte-Carlo sets: proton-induced, which is considered as background events, and ironinduced, considered as signal events. The classifier results in a single variable ξ for data and Monte-Carlo sets, available for one-dimensional analysis. The data to Monte-Carlo comparison results in an average atomic mass of UHECR for energy range 1018:0 - 1020:0 eV. The average atomic mass of primary particles corresponds to 〈ln A〉 = 1:52± 0:08(stat.)± 0:1(syst.). The comparison with TA hybrid composition results and the other experiments is presented.

scholarly journals Very High Energy Cosmic Rays

1981 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
John Linsley
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Detailed Interpretation ◽  
Very High

Results from ground level and underground experiments on cosmic rays with energy 1012 to 1020eV are reviewed. They show that the energy spectrum has two significant features, a ‘knee’ and an ‘ankle’. The arrival directions of these cosmic rays at the solar system are anisotropic, features of the anisotropy appearing to be correlated with features of the spectrum. Detailed interpretation of this information awaits conclusive evidence regarding the composition of these cosmic rays. New results and prospective new results on the composition are described and discussed.

scholarly journals AugerPrime: the Pierre Auger Observatory Upgrade

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 06002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Castellina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Hadronic Interactions ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
New Information ◽  
Primary Composition ◽  
Consistent Picture ◽  
The Many

The world largest exposure to ultra-high energy cosmic rays accumulated by the Pierre Auger Observatory led to major advances in our understanding of their properties, but the many unknowns about the nature and distribution of the sources, the primary composition and the underlying hadronic interactions prevent the emergence of a uniquely consistent picture. The new perspectives opened by the current results call for an upgrade of the Observatory, whose main aim is the collection of new information about the primary mass of the highest energy cosmic rays on a shower-by-shower basis. The evaluation of the fraction of light primaries in the region of suppression of the flux will open the window to charged particle astronomy, allowing for compositionselected anisotropy searches. In addition, the properties of multiparticle production will be studied at energies not covered by man-made accelerators and new or unexpected changes of hadronic interactions will be searched for. After a discussion of the motivations for upgrading the Pierre Auger Observatory, a description of the detector upgrade is provided. We then discuss the expected performances and the improved physics sensitivity of the upgraded detectors and present the first data collected with the already running Engineering Array.

Estimation of mass composition of high energy cosmic rays via modeling a relation between lateral distribution parameters and shower age

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 1750161
Author(s):  
Saeed Doostmohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Lateral Distribution ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Distribution Parameters

Lateral distribution function of extensive air showers of energetic cosmic rays, indicate how secondary particles spread over a surface detectors. There are many different universal formulas between lateral distribution parameters and shower age parameter which can be used to infer about maximum development of extensive air shower (which is a key parameter to estimate the mass composition of primary cosmic rays). At present work, an estimated percent of mass composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays is investigated by comparison between Ivanov et al. modeling of simulated data, which has been done by CoRSiKa, and Yakutsk experimental data.

scholarly journals Monte Carlo Simulations of Particle Acceleration at Oblique Shocks

1994 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 547-552
Author(s):  
Matthew G. Baring ◽  
Donald C. Ellison ◽  
Frank C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Mach Number ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulations ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Shock Acceleration ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cosmic Ray Acceleration

AbstractThe Fermi shock acceleration mechanism may be responsible for the production of high-energy cosmic rays in a wide variety of environments. Modeling of this phenomenon has largely focused on plane-parallel shocks, and one of the most promising techniques for its study is the Monte Carlo simulation of particle transport in shocked fluid flows. One of the principal problems in shock acceleration theory is the mechanism and efficiency of injection of particles from the thermal gas into the accelerated population. The Monte Carlo technique is ideally suited to addressing the injection problem directly, and previous applications of it to the quasi-parallel Earth bow shock led to very successful modeling of proton and heavy ion spectra, as well as other observed quantities. Recently this technique has been extended to oblique shock geometries, in which the upstream magnetic field makes a significant angle ΘB1 to the shock normal. In this paper, spectral results from test particle Monte Carlo simulations of cosmic-ray acceleration at oblique, nonrelativistic shocks are presented. The results show that low Mach number shocks have injection efficiencies that are relatively insensitive to (though not independent of) the shock obliquity, but that there is a dramatic drop in efficiency for shocks of Mach number 30 or more as the obliquity increases above 15°. Cosmic-ray distributions just upstream of the shock reveal prominent bumps at energies below the thermal peak; these disappear far upstream but might be observable features close to astrophysical shocks.Subject headings: acceleration of particles — cosmic rays — shock waves

scholarly journals ULTRA–HIGH-ENERGY COSMIC RAYS

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (08n09) ◽  
pp. 1950-1961 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEFAN WESTERHOFF
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
New Era ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Many

One of the most striking astrophysical phenomena today is the existence of cosmic ray particles with energies in excess of 1020 eV. While their presence has been confirmed by a number of experiments, it is not clear where and how these particles are accelerated to these energies and how they travel astronomical distances without substantial energy loss. We are entering an exciting new era in cosmic ray physics, with instruments now producing data of unprecedented quality and quantity to tackle the many open questions. This paper reviews the current experimental status of cosmic ray physics and summarizes recent results on the energy spectrum and arrival directions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays.

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