scholarly journals Open Source Control Device for Industry 4.0 Based on RAMI 4.0

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 869
Author(s):  
Pablo F. S. Melo ◽  
Eduardo P. Godoy ◽  
Paolo Ferrari ◽  
Emiliano Sisinni
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Architecture Model ◽  
Complex Relationships

The technical innovation of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0—I4.0) is based on the following respective conditions: horizontal and vertical integration of manufacturing systems, decentralization of computing resources and continuous digital engineering throughout the product life cycle. The reference architecture model for Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) is a common model for systematizing, structuring and mapping the complex relationships and functionalities required in I4.0 applications. Despite its adoption in I4.0 projects, RAMI 4.0 is an abstract model, not an implementation guide, which hinders its current adoption and full deployment. As a result, many papers have recently studied the interactions required among the elements distributed along the three axes of RAMI 4.0 to develop a solution compatible with the model. This paper investigates RAMI 4.0 and describes our proposal for the development of an open-source control device for I4.0 applications. The control device is one of the elements in the hierarchy-level axis of RAMI 4.0. Its main contribution is the integration of open-source solutions of hardware, software, communication and programming, covering the relationships among three layers of RAMI 4.0 (assets, integration and communication). The implementation of a proof of concept of the control device is discussed. Experiments in an I4.0 scenario were used to validate the operation of the control device and demonstrated its effectiveness and robustness without interruption, failure or communication problems during the experiments.

scholarly journals Insights into Mapping Solutions Based on OPC UA Information Model Applied to the Industry 4.0 Asset Administration Shell

Computers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Cavalieri ◽  
Marco Giuseppe Salafia
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Information Model ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Architecture Model ◽  
Open Platform ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The One

In the context of Industry 4.0, lot of effort is being put to achieve interoperability among industrial applications. As the definition and adoption of communication standards are of paramount importance for the realization of interoperability, during the last few years different organizations have developed reference architectures to align standards in the context of the fourth industrial revolution. One of the main examples is the reference architecture model for Industry 4.0, which defines the asset administration shell as the corner stone of the interoperability between applications managing manufacturing systems. Inside Industry 4.0 there is also so much interest behind the standard open platform communications unified architecture (OPC UA), which is listed as the one recommendation for realizing the communication layer of the reference architecture model. The contribution of this paper is to give some insights behind modelling techniques that should be adopted during the definition of OPC UA Information Model exposing information of the very recent metamodel defined for the asset administration shell. All the general rationales and solutions here provided are compared with the current OPC UA-based existing representation of asset administration shell provided by literature. Specifically, differences will be pointed out giving to the reader advantages and disadvantages behind each solution.

scholarly journals Developing of Industry 4.0 Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan David Contreras ◽  
Jose Isidro Garcia ◽  
Juan David Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Manufacturing System ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Intelligent Manufacturing ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Architecture Model ◽  
Smart Factories ◽  
Correct Implementation

<p class="0papertitle">The fourth industrial revolution or industry 4.0 has become a trend topic nowadays, this standard-based strategy integrates Smart Factories, Cyber-physical systems, Internet of Things, and Internet of Service with the aim of extended the capacities of the manufacturing systems. Although several authors have presented the advantages of this approach, few papers refer to an architecture that allows the correct implementation of industry 4.0 applications using the guidelines of the reference architecture model (RAMI 4.0). In this way, this article exposes the essential characteristics that allow a manufacturing system to be retrofitting as a correct industry 4.0 application. Specifically, an intelligent manufacturing system under a holonic approach was developed and implemented using standards like FDI, AutomationML and OPC UA according to the RAMI 4.0</p>

Proposal of an Architecture based on RAMI 4.0 Layers for Flexible Manufacturing in Industry 4.0

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Z. Neto ◽  
Joel Ravelli Jr ◽  
Eduardo P. Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Manufacturing ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Architecture Model ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Integration Architecture ◽  
Rapid Changes

The Industry 4.0 (I4.0) together with the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) enable business productivity to be improved through rapid changes in production scope in an increasingly volatile market. This technology innovation is perceived by integrating manufacturing systems, managing business rules, and decentralizing computing resources, enabling rapid changes in production systems. The Reference Architecture Model for Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) is a three-dimensional layer model to support I4.0 applications. One of the major challenges for adopting RAMI 4.0 is the development of solutions that support the functionality of each layer and the necessary interactions between the elements of each layer. This paper focuses on the proposal of architecture for flexible manufacturing in I4.0 using all the Information Technology (IT) Layers of the RAMI 4.0. In order to enable a standardized and interoperable communication, the architecture used the OPC-UA protocol to connect the low layers elements in the factory perspective and REST APIs to connect the high layers in the business perspective. The integration architecture creates an online interface to provide the client the ability to enter, view, and even modify an order based on their needs and priorities, enabling the industry to implement rapid changes to adapt to the marketplace.

scholarly journals Towards a Domain-Specific Approach Enabling Tool-Supported Model-Based Systems Engineering of Complex Industrial Internet-of-Things Applications

Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Christoph Binder ◽  
Christian Neureiter ◽  
Arndt Lüder
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Architecture Model ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Model Based Systems Engineering

Contemporary manufacturing systems are undergoing a major change promoted by emerging technologies such as Cyber-physical Systems (CPS) or the Internet of Things (IoT). This trend, nowadays widely known by the term “Industry 4.0”, leads to a new kind of automated production. However, the rising number of dynamically interconnected elements in industrial production lines results in such a system being transformed into a complex System of Systems (SoS). Due to the increasing complexity and the challenges accompanied by this change, conventional engineering methods using generic principles reach their limits when developing this type of systems. With varying approaches only trying to find a solution for small-scaled areas of this problem statement, the need for a holistic methodology becomes more and more obvious. Having recognized this issue, one of the most promising approaches has been introduced with the Reference Architecture Model Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0). However, in the current point of view, this domain-specific architecture framework is missing specifications to address all aspects of such a critical infrastructure. Thus, this paper introduces a comprehensive modeling approach utilizing methods applied in Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and including domain-specific particularities as well as architectural concepts with the goal to enable mutual engineering of current and future industrial systems. The resulting artifacts, a domain-specific language (DSL), an architecture definition and a development process, are thereby consolidated in a ready to use software framework, whose applicability was evaluated by a real-world case study.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Engineering 4.0: A Proposal to Conceive Manufacturing Systems for Industry 4.0 Centred on the Human Factor (DfHFinI4.0)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Suarez-Fernandez de Miranda ◽  
Francisco Aguayo-González ◽  
Jorge Salguero-Gómez ◽  
María Jesús Ávila-Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Life Cycle Engineering ◽  
Requisite Variety ◽  
Law Of Requisite Variety

Engineering 4.0 environments are characterised by the digitisation, virtualisation, and connectivity of products, processes, and facilities composed of reconfigurable and adaptive socio-technical cyber-physical manufacturing systems (SCMS), in which Operator 4.0 works in real time in VUCA (volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous) contexts and markets. This situation gives rise to the interest in developing a framework for the conception of SCMS that allows the integration of the human factor, management, training, and development of the competencies of Operator 4.0 as fundamental aspects of the aforementioned system. The present paper is focused on answering how to conceive the adaptive manufacturing systems of Industry 4.0 through the operation, growth, and development of human talent in VUCA contexts. With this objective, exploratory research is carried, out whose contribution is specified in a framework called Design for the Human Factor in Industry 4.0 (DfHFinI4.0). From among the conceptual frameworks employed therein, the connectivist paradigm, Ashby’s law of requisite variety and Vigotsky’s activity theory are taken into consideration, in order to enable the affective-cognitive and timeless integration of the human factor within the SCMS. DfHFinI4.0 can be integrated into the life cycle engineering of the enterprise reference architectures, thereby obtaining manufacturing systems for Industry 4.0 focused on the human factor. The suggested framework is illustrated as a case study for the Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture (PERA) methodology, which transforms it into PERA 4.0.

scholarly journals Impact Assessment of Additive Manufacturing on Sustainable Business Models in Industry 4.0 Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radu Godina ◽  
Inês Ribeiro ◽  
Florinda Matos ◽  
Bruna T. Ferreira ◽  
Helena Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Sustainable Business Models

Additive manufacturing has the potential to make a longstanding impact on the manufacturing world and is a core element of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Additive manufacturing signifies a new disruptive path on how we will produce parts and products. Several studies suggest this technology could foster sustainability into manufacturing systems based on its potential of optimizing material consumption, creating new shapes, customizing designs and shortening production times that, all combined, will greatly transform some of the existing business models. Although it requires reaching a certain level of design maturity to completely insert this technology in an industrial setting, additive manufacturing has the potential to favorably impact the manufacturing sector by reducing costs in production, logistics, inventories, and in the development and industrialization of a new product. The transformation of the industry and the acceleration of the adopting rate of new technologies is driving organizational strategy. Thus, through the lenses of Industry 4.0 and its technological concepts, this paper aims to contribute to the knowledge about the impacts of additive manufacturing technology on sustainable business models. This aim is accomplished through a proposed framework, as well as the models and scales that can be used to determine these impacts. The effects are assessed by taking into account the social, environmental and economic impacts of additive manufacturing on business models and for all these three dimensions a balanced scorecard structure is proposed.

scholarly journals Adapting an agile manufacturing concept to the reference architecture model industry 4.0: A survey and case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 147-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Yli-Ojanperä ◽  
Seppo Sierla ◽  
Nikolaos Papakonstantinou ◽  
Valeriy Vyatkin
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Agile Manufacturing ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Architecture Model

scholarly journals Engineering human-focused Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems in Industry 4.0 context

2021 ◽  
Vol 379 (2207) ◽  
pp. 20200366
Author(s):  
Armando Walter Colombo ◽  
Stamatis Karnouskos ◽  
Christoph Hanisch
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Paradigm Change ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Architecture Model ◽  
Industrial Ecosystem

The world is increasingly interconnected, and this can also be seen in industry, where an ecosystem of digitalized assets, and humans with appropriate digital interfaces, constantly interact with each other. Digital transformation efforts in the industry rely on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems that are driven by service-based cooperation among humans and digitalized industrial assets. This implies a radical paradigm change in their engineering and operation, which is focused on the symbiosis of digitalized assets and humans that cohabit a collaboration-driven industrial ecosystem. This work discusses how a digital transformation can effectively be achieved in an industrial ecosystem via a digitalization process performed along the three dimensions of the Reference Architecture Model for Industry 4.0, facilitated by the specification, development and implementation of an Asset Administration Shell. The discussion focus is put on humans and how the digitally transformed industrial environments empower her/his capabilities and interactions. It is also critically pointed out how one should go beyond technology and consider additional aspects. Therefore, it is argued that human-centred efforts in Industry 4.0 (I4.0) should be seen in the larger context of sustainability and circular economy in order to properly consider the interplay of the involved socio-technical dimensions. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Towards symbiotic autonomous systems’.

scholarly journals Industry 4.0 Concept: Background and Overview

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreja Rojko
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Architecture Model ◽  
Incremental Development ◽  
Industrial Manufacturing

<p class="0abstract">Industry 4.0 is a strategic initiative recently introduced by the German government. The goal of the initiative is transformation of industrial manufacturing through digitalization and exploitation of potentials of new technologies. An Industry 4.0 production system is thus flexible and enables individualized and customized products. The aim of this paper is to present and facilitate an understanding of Industry 4.0 concepts, its drivers, enablers, goals and limitations. Building blocks are described and smart factory concept is presented. A Reference Architecture Model RAMI4.0 and role of standardization in future implementation of Industry 4.0 concept are addressed. The current status of Industry 4.0 readiness of the German companies is presented and commented. Finally it is discussed if Industry 4.0 is really a disruptive concept or simply a natural incremental development of industrial production systems.</p>

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