Proposal of an Architecture based on RAMI 4.0 Layers for Flexible Manufacturing in Industry 4.0

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Z. Neto ◽  
Joel Ravelli Jr ◽  
Eduardo P. Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Manufacturing ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Architecture Model ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Integration Architecture ◽  
Rapid Changes

The Industry 4.0 (I4.0) together with the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) enable business productivity to be improved through rapid changes in production scope in an increasingly volatile market. This technology innovation is perceived by integrating manufacturing systems, managing business rules, and decentralizing computing resources, enabling rapid changes in production systems. The Reference Architecture Model for Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) is a three-dimensional layer model to support I4.0 applications. One of the major challenges for adopting RAMI 4.0 is the development of solutions that support the functionality of each layer and the necessary interactions between the elements of each layer. This paper focuses on the proposal of architecture for flexible manufacturing in I4.0 using all the Information Technology (IT) Layers of the RAMI 4.0. In order to enable a standardized and interoperable communication, the architecture used the OPC-UA protocol to connect the low layers elements in the factory perspective and REST APIs to connect the high layers in the business perspective. The integration architecture creates an online interface to provide the client the ability to enter, view, and even modify an order based on their needs and priorities, enabling the industry to implement rapid changes to adapt to the marketplace.

scholarly journals Open Source Control Device for Industry 4.0 Based on RAMI 4.0

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 869
Author(s):  
Pablo F. S. Melo ◽  
Eduardo P. Godoy ◽  
Paolo Ferrari ◽  
Emiliano Sisinni
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Architecture Model ◽  
Complex Relationships

The technical innovation of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0—I4.0) is based on the following respective conditions: horizontal and vertical integration of manufacturing systems, decentralization of computing resources and continuous digital engineering throughout the product life cycle. The reference architecture model for Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) is a common model for systematizing, structuring and mapping the complex relationships and functionalities required in I4.0 applications. Despite its adoption in I4.0 projects, RAMI 4.0 is an abstract model, not an implementation guide, which hinders its current adoption and full deployment. As a result, many papers have recently studied the interactions required among the elements distributed along the three axes of RAMI 4.0 to develop a solution compatible with the model. This paper investigates RAMI 4.0 and describes our proposal for the development of an open-source control device for I4.0 applications. The control device is one of the elements in the hierarchy-level axis of RAMI 4.0. Its main contribution is the integration of open-source solutions of hardware, software, communication and programming, covering the relationships among three layers of RAMI 4.0 (assets, integration and communication). The implementation of a proof of concept of the control device is discussed. Experiments in an I4.0 scenario were used to validate the operation of the control device and demonstrated its effectiveness and robustness without interruption, failure or communication problems during the experiments.

scholarly journals Insights into Mapping Solutions Based on OPC UA Information Model Applied to the Industry 4.0 Asset Administration Shell

Computers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Cavalieri ◽  
Marco Giuseppe Salafia
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Information Model ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Architecture Model ◽  
Open Platform ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The One

In the context of Industry 4.0, lot of effort is being put to achieve interoperability among industrial applications. As the definition and adoption of communication standards are of paramount importance for the realization of interoperability, during the last few years different organizations have developed reference architectures to align standards in the context of the fourth industrial revolution. One of the main examples is the reference architecture model for Industry 4.0, which defines the asset administration shell as the corner stone of the interoperability between applications managing manufacturing systems. Inside Industry 4.0 there is also so much interest behind the standard open platform communications unified architecture (OPC UA), which is listed as the one recommendation for realizing the communication layer of the reference architecture model. The contribution of this paper is to give some insights behind modelling techniques that should be adopted during the definition of OPC UA Information Model exposing information of the very recent metamodel defined for the asset administration shell. All the general rationales and solutions here provided are compared with the current OPC UA-based existing representation of asset administration shell provided by literature. Specifically, differences will be pointed out giving to the reader advantages and disadvantages behind each solution.

scholarly journals Industry 4.0 Concept: Background and Overview

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreja Rojko
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Architecture Model ◽  
Incremental Development ◽  
Industrial Manufacturing

<p class="0abstract">Industry 4.0 is a strategic initiative recently introduced by the German government. The goal of the initiative is transformation of industrial manufacturing through digitalization and exploitation of potentials of new technologies. An Industry 4.0 production system is thus flexible and enables individualized and customized products. The aim of this paper is to present and facilitate an understanding of Industry 4.0 concepts, its drivers, enablers, goals and limitations. Building blocks are described and smart factory concept is presented. A Reference Architecture Model RAMI4.0 and role of standardization in future implementation of Industry 4.0 concept are addressed. The current status of Industry 4.0 readiness of the German companies is presented and commented. Finally it is discussed if Industry 4.0 is really a disruptive concept or simply a natural incremental development of industrial production systems.</p>

scholarly journals Developing of Industry 4.0 Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan David Contreras ◽  
Jose Isidro Garcia ◽  
Juan David Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Manufacturing System ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Intelligent Manufacturing ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Architecture Model ◽  
Smart Factories ◽  
Correct Implementation

<p class="0papertitle">The fourth industrial revolution or industry 4.0 has become a trend topic nowadays, this standard-based strategy integrates Smart Factories, Cyber-physical systems, Internet of Things, and Internet of Service with the aim of extended the capacities of the manufacturing systems. Although several authors have presented the advantages of this approach, few papers refer to an architecture that allows the correct implementation of industry 4.0 applications using the guidelines of the reference architecture model (RAMI 4.0). In this way, this article exposes the essential characteristics that allow a manufacturing system to be retrofitting as a correct industry 4.0 application. Specifically, an intelligent manufacturing system under a holonic approach was developed and implemented using standards like FDI, AutomationML and OPC UA according to the RAMI 4.0</p>

scholarly journals Towards a Domain-Specific Approach Enabling Tool-Supported Model-Based Systems Engineering of Complex Industrial Internet-of-Things Applications

Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Christoph Binder ◽  
Christian Neureiter ◽  
Arndt Lüder
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Architecture Model ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Model Based Systems Engineering

Contemporary manufacturing systems are undergoing a major change promoted by emerging technologies such as Cyber-physical Systems (CPS) or the Internet of Things (IoT). This trend, nowadays widely known by the term “Industry 4.0”, leads to a new kind of automated production. However, the rising number of dynamically interconnected elements in industrial production lines results in such a system being transformed into a complex System of Systems (SoS). Due to the increasing complexity and the challenges accompanied by this change, conventional engineering methods using generic principles reach their limits when developing this type of systems. With varying approaches only trying to find a solution for small-scaled areas of this problem statement, the need for a holistic methodology becomes more and more obvious. Having recognized this issue, one of the most promising approaches has been introduced with the Reference Architecture Model Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0). However, in the current point of view, this domain-specific architecture framework is missing specifications to address all aspects of such a critical infrastructure. Thus, this paper introduces a comprehensive modeling approach utilizing methods applied in Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and including domain-specific particularities as well as architectural concepts with the goal to enable mutual engineering of current and future industrial systems. The resulting artifacts, a domain-specific language (DSL), an architecture definition and a development process, are thereby consolidated in a ready to use software framework, whose applicability was evaluated by a real-world case study.

scholarly journals Cloud Computing, Big Data and the Industry 4.0 Reference Architectures

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. e29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Velásquez ◽  
Elsa Estevez ◽  
Patricia Pesado
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Architecture Model ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Pyramid Model ◽  
Information And Communication

The Industry 4.0 promotes the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in manufacturing processes to obtain customized products satisfying demanding needs of new consumers. The Industry 4.0 approach transforms the traditional pyramid model of automation to a network model of interconnected services, combining operational technology (OT) with Information Technology (IT). This new model allows the creation of ecosystems enabling more flexible production processes through connecting systems and sharing data. In this context, cloud computing and big data are critical technologies for leveraging the approach. Thus, this paper analyzes cloud computing and big data under the lenses of two leading reference architectures for implementing Industry 4.0: 1) the Industrial Internet Reference Architecture (IIRA), and 2) the Reference Architecture Model Industrie 4.0 (RAMI 4.0). A main contribution of this paper is to present a comparative analysis of IIRA and RAMI 4.0, discussing needs, benefits, and challenges of applying cloud computing and big data in the Industry 4.0.

scholarly journals A Reference Architecture for Integrating the Industrial Internet of Things in the Industry 4.0

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Radanliev ◽  
David De Roure ◽  
Razvan Nicolescu ◽  
Michael Huth
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Reference Architecture ◽  
Industrial Internet Of Things ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Architecture Model ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Step Model

There is an increased attention on propositions on models, infrastructures and frameworks of IoT in both business reports and technical papers. These reports and publications frequently represent a juxtaposition of other related systems and technologies (e.g. Industrial Internet of Things, Cyber Physical Systems, Industry 4.0 etc). At present, the literature is missing a design process for integrating these constantly evolving systems and technologies in a clear and understandable step by step model. This paper contributes with a new reference architecture model for the integration of these systems and technologies. The reference architecture model is based on grouping of future and present techniques and presenting the design process through a new hierarchical framework and a new cascading model. With the application of the grounded theory, the hierarchical framework and the cascading model detail a new process for creating a taxonomy of categories and grouping of concepts into integration design. The new design process is tested and versified with an empirical review of Industry 4.0 frameworks and results with a new 5 levels reference architecture step by step model for the integration of these related systems and technologies (Industrial Internet of Things, Cyber Physical Systems, and Industry 4.0). We review 118 academic and industry papers published between 2010 and 2019. Then, we report the results of a qualitative empirical study that correlates academic literature with 14 world leading Industry 4.0 frameworks and initiatives. We therefore propose an architectural model that offers a better understanding of the systems integration between the Industrial Internet of Things and Industry 4.0.

Concept to Support the Flexibility of Manufacturing System through Reconfigurable Structure Based on Modular Design

2015 ◽  
Vol 816 ◽  
pp. 536-546
Author(s):  
Vladimír Rudy ◽  
Andrea Lešková
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Modular Construction ◽  
Production Platform ◽  
Flexible Adaptation ◽  
Reconfigurable Structure

This article deals about the challenges of structural changes in manufacturing conditions. The objective of this paper is to present the modular workstations concept based on miniaturization and re-configurability trends. The article is aimed at problems of designing of production systems with a modular construction structure. The modular structure allows an individual and flexible adaptation to varying requirements but also the realization of low-cost solutions for creation of new or modernized production base. The goal is to present the example of modular workstations solutions that correspond with new designing approach. The specification of basics principles, which should help to designing flexible manufacturing systems, discussed in this paper are: modularity; integrability; convertibility; diagnosability; customization. The theoretical part provides an overview of fundamental design principles in manufacturing structures. In the first part of this article are discussed the specification of basic flexibility types in production system and the main impacts influencing design of manufacturing structures. The closing section of the article provides the specification of example solution of adjustable production platform with modular frame (called desktop factory).

scholarly journals Middleware Application, Suitable to Build an Automated and Connected Smart Manufacturing Environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzaffar Rao ◽  
Thomas Newe
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robots ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Smart Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Execution System ◽  
Manufacturing Environment ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Smart Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Execution

The current manufacturing transformation is represented by using different terms like; Industry 4.0, smart manufacturing, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoTs), and the Model-Based enterprise. This transformation involves integrated and collaborative manufacturing systems. These manufacturing systems should meet the demands changing in real-time in the smart factory environment. Here, this manufacturing transformation is represented by the term ‘Smart Manufacturing’. Smart manufacturing can optimize the manufacturing process using different technologies like IoT, Analytics, Manufacturing Intelligence, Cloud, Supplier Platforms, and Manufacturing Execution System (MES). In the cell-based manufacturing environment of the smart industry, the best way to transfer the goods between cells is through automation (mobile robots). That is why automation is the core of the smart industry i.e. industry 4.0. In a smart industrial environment, mobile-robots can safely operate with repeatability; also can take decisions based on detailed production sequences defined by Manufacturing Execution System (MES). This work focuses on the development of a middleware application using LabVIEW for mobile-robots, in a cell-based manufacturing environment. This application works as middleware to connect mobile robots with the MES system.

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