scholarly journals A Cache Fill and Migration Policy for STT-RAM-Based Multi-Level Hybrid Cache in 3D CMPs

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
Fen Ge ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Ning Wu ◽  
Fang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Chip Multiprocessors ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Data Migration ◽  
Access Policy ◽  
Low Leakage ◽  
Hybrid Cache ◽  
Non Volatile Memory ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
And Migration

Recently, in 3D Chip-Multiprocessors (CMPs), a hybrid cache architecture of SRAM and Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) is generally used to exploit high density and low leakage power of NVM and a low write overhead of SRAM. The conventional access policy does not consider the hybrid cache and cannot make good use of the characteristics of both NVM and SRAM technology. This paper proposes a Cache Fill and Migration policy (CFM) for multi-level hybrid cache. In CFM, data access was optimized in three aspects: Cache fill, cache eviction, and dirty data migration. The CFM reduces unnecessary cache fill, write operations to NVM, and optimizes the victim cache line selection in cache eviction. The results of experiments show that the CFM can improve performance by 24.1% and reduce power consumption by 18% when compared to conventional writeback access policy.

Per-Operation Reusability Based Allocation and Migration Policy for Hybrid Cache

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minsik Oh ◽  
Kwangsu Kim ◽  
Duheon Choi ◽  
Hyuk-Jun Lee ◽  
Eui-Young Chung
Keyword(s):  
Migration Policy ◽  
Hybrid Cache ◽  
And Migration

Migration of Data between Cloud and Non-Cloud Datastores

2012 ◽  
pp. 206-225
Author(s):  
Shreyansh Bhatt ◽  
Sanjay Chaudhary ◽  
Minal Bhise
Keyword(s):  
Relational Databases ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Data Migration ◽  
Cloud Service Providers ◽  
Application Data ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Legacy Applications ◽  
Recent Attention

The on demand services and scalability features of cloud computing have attracted many customers to move their applications into the cloud. Therefore, application, data access, storage, and migration to and from cloud have garnered much recent attention, especially with well-established legacy applications. Cloud service providers are following different standards to host applications and data. In the present chapter, the authors focus on data migration from various datastores to cloud and vice versa. They have discussed various challenges associated with this reciprocal migration and proposed a simple yet powerful model whereby data can be migrated between various datastores, especially cloud datastores. The results show an efficient way to move data from conventional relational databases to Google App Engines and how data residing in the Google App Engines can be stored on relational databases and vice versa. They provide a generalized architecture to store data in any cloud datastore. The authors use RDF/RDFS as an intermediate model in the migration process.

CWC: A Companion Write Cache for Energy-Aware Multi-Level Spin-Transfer Torque RAM Cache Design

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (06) ◽  
pp. 1550079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiefei Zhang ◽  
Jixiang Zhu ◽  
Jun Fu ◽  
Tianzhou Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leakage Power ◽  
Spin Transfer Torque ◽  
Spin Transfer ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Low Leakage ◽  
Non Volatile Memory ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
On Chip ◽  
The Cost

Due to its large leakage power and low density, the conventional SARM becomes less appealing to implement the large on-chip cache due to energy issue. Emerging non-volatile memory technologies, such as phase change memory (PCM) and spin-transfer torque RAM (STT-RAM), have advantages of low leakage power and high density, which makes them good candidates for on-chip cache. In particular, STT-RAM has longer endurance and shorter access latency over PCM. There are two kinds of STT-RAM so far: single-level cell (SLC) STT-RAM and multi-level cell (MLC) STT-RAM. Compared to the SLC STT-RAM, the MLC STT-RAM has higher density and lower leakage power, which makes it a even more promising candidate for future on-chip cache. However, MLC STT-RAM improves density at the cost of almost doubled write latency and energy compared to the SLC STT-RAM. These drawbacks degrade the system performance and diminish the energy benefits. To alleviate these problems, we propose a novel cache organization, companion write cache (CWC), which is a small fully associative SRAM cache, working with the main MLC STT-RAM cache in a master-and-servant way. The key function of CWC is to absorb the energy-consuming write updates from the MLC STT-RAM cache. The experimental results are promising that CWC can greatly reduce the write energy and dynamic energy, improve the performance and endurance of MLC STT-RAM cache compared to a baseline.

‘Restore Moscow to the Muscovites’: Othering ‘the migrants’ in the 2013 Moscow mayoral elections

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helge Blakkisrud ◽  
Pål Kolstø
Keyword(s):  
Migration Policy ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
Migrant Population ◽  
Mayoral Elections ◽  
Mayoral Election ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Russian Identity

Russia encompasses the world’s second-largest migrant population in absolute numbers. This chapter explores the role migrants play in contemporary Russian identity discourse, focusing on the topic that ordinary Muscovites identified as most important during the 2013 Moscow mayoral election campaign: the large number of labour migrants in the capital. It explores how the decision to open up the elections into a more genuine contest compelled the regime candidate, incumbent mayor Sergei Sobianin, to adopt a more aggressive rhetoric on migration than otherwise officially endorsed by the Kremlin. The chapter concludes that the Moscow electoral experiment, allowing other candidates than the regime’s own hand-picked, ‘controllable’ sparring partners to run, contributed to pushing the borders of what mainstream politicians saw as acceptable positions on migrants and migration policy.

scholarly journals Ukrainian Migration Aspirations towards Germany: Analysis and Development Scenarios

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-84
Author(s):  
Vitalii Boiko ◽  
Olha Mulska ◽  
Ihor Baranyak ◽  
Olha Levytska
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
German Economy ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
German Population ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Forecasting Method ◽  
And Migration

Based on the multiple regression model and scenario approach to forecasting, the article estimates the Ukrainian migration aspirations towards Germany (the scale of migration, the economic activity of migrants, and their economic benefits). It is argued that major transformations in the gender-age structure of the German population may cause a demographic crisis and labour market imbalances. Our projections indicate the growing role of foreign human resources in the German economy. When modeling the scale of emigration from Ukraine, an integrated approach is applied, considering not only trends of pull-push factors but also special aspects of the German migration policy and the outflow of 8–10 million Ukrainian migrant workers. Given the poor statistical data on the scale of labour emigration needed for constructing reliable econometric models, the use of expert forecasting method remains the most optimal technique for assessing potential migration flows and migration systems.

scholarly journals Multi-level Hybrid Cache: Impact and Feasibility

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Youngjae Kim ◽  
Xiaosong Ma ◽  
Galen M Shipman ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Cache ◽  
Multi Level

scholarly journals Overseas trained teachers (OTTs) in England

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Washington Miller
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Trained Teacher ◽  
Situated Identity ◽  
Qualified Teacher ◽  
Trained Teachers ◽  
And Migration ◽  
And Coping

The recruitment of overseas trained teachers (OTTs) in England has seemingly disappeared from the policy radar despite their large numbers, continuing impact on primary and secondary education, and the ongoing second wave of teacher migration that started in 2014. OTTs continue to contribute to stability and continuity of provision in primary and secondary schools. From a qualitative study on ‘A day in the life of an overseas trained teacher’, this article examines (a) strategies used by OTTs to cope in their daily working lives and (b) teaching experience of OTTs in England compared with their teaching experiences in their countries of origin. The findings suggest that whereas all OTTs are ‘surviving and coping’ with the demands of their jobs, they do not appear to be ‘thriving and flourishing’. This is against the background of a racialized education and migration policy context that grants exclusions from undertaking UK Qualified Teacher Status to teachers from White, industrialized countries, but not for OTTs from non-White, non-industrialized countries. Through personal agency and a strong sense of self (or their ‘situated identity’), OTTs navigate complex institutional and regulatory hurdles in order to survive and cope. The article concludes that the education system, school governors and school leaders can do more to ensure all teachers thrive and flourish, and not just some.

Mitigating the Impact of Forced Displacement and Refugee and Unauthorized Status on Youth

2018 ◽  
pp. 186-206
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Yoshikawa ◽  
Alice J. Wuermli ◽  
J. Lawrence Aber
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Political Upheaval ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Primary School Age

An unprecedented half of the world’s 57 million out of school children live in conflict-affected countries, and 50% of children of primary-school-age are not attending school.  In addition, the unauthorized status of many refugees and migrants worldwide is associated with experiences of social exclusion as access to employment and social services are often unavailable or constrained by host-country governments. Children and youth affected by unauthorized or refugee status are also often excluded from services to support healthy development and learning. This chapter presents a process-oriented developmental framework to guide the development and evaluation of interventions that can buffer the effects of social and political upheaval, displacement, and refugee and unauthorized status on children and youth's development. Rigorous evaluations, showing how programs mitigate the risks of displacement or refugee or unauthorized status, could yield great benefits for the fields of humanitarian aid and refugee and migration policy, making the relative dearth of such evidence even more stunning. This chapter reviews the existing literature from rigorous evaluations of interventions to address these issues, discusses the challenge of measurement of risk and protective factors in these contexts with particular sensitivity to cultural variation, as well as how to address cultural factors in the development and evaluation of interventions. The chapter concludes with specific methodological recommendations for a sound research agenda to further improve our understanding of risk and resilience in development of children and youth affected by war, displacement, and refugee or unauthorized status.

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