scholarly journals An Effective Method to Calculate Frequency Response of Distribution Networks for PLC Applications

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongshan Zhao ◽  
Weitao Zhang ◽  
Yan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Binary Function ◽  
Underground Cables ◽  
Overhead Lines ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Network Topologies ◽  
Propagation Matrix

Modelling and estimating power-line communication (PLC) channels are complicated issues due to the complex network topologies, various junctions, and changeable loads. This paper focuses on the frequency response characteristics (FRCs) of medium-voltage (MV) PLC networks with special consideration of two scenarios that are often neglected but generally exist. In the first scenario, the MV distribution network is of the ring topology. In the second scenario, the MV overhead lines and underground cables join at junctions, and the shields of underground cables are grounded with nonzero grounding impedances at the junctions. These conditions lead to the failure of currently popular methods to different degrees. For this reason, we developed an effective method to calculate the FRCs of distribution networks for PLC applications. With this method, the frequency responses of nodes are simply expressed as the binary function of the overall tube propagation matrix and overall node scattering matrix, which is convenient for calculations and analyses. The proposed method was validated by the agreement between the calculated and measured FRCs. The results of two test examples showed that the proposed method performed better in comparison with the traditional approximate method when nonideal grounding conditions were taken into account. The proposed method is also independent of the network topology, so it can adapt to the dynamic changes of the network structure.

scholarly journals Photovoltaic Maximum Penetration Limits on Medium Voltage Overhead and Underground Cable Distribution Feeders: A Comparative Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3843
Author(s):  
Sultan Sh. Alanzi ◽  
Rashad M. Kamel
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Underground Cables ◽  
Overhead Lines ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Load Power ◽  
Bus Voltage ◽  
Pv Penetration

This paper investigates the maximum photovoltaic (PV) penetration limits on both overhead lines and underground cables medium voltage radial distribution system. The maximum PV penetration limit is estimated considering both bus voltage limit (1.05 p.u.) and feeder current ampacity (1 p.u.). All factors affect the max PV penetration limit are investigated in detail. Substation voltage, load percentage, load power factor, and power system frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz) are analyzed. The maximum PV penetration limit associated with overhead lines is usually higher than the value associated with the underground cables for high substation voltage (substation voltage = 1.05 and 1.04 p.u.). The maximum PV penetration limit decreases dramatically with low load percentage for both feeder types but still the overhead lines accept PV plant higher than the underground cables. Conversely, the maximum PV penetration increases with load power factor decreasing and the overhead lines capability for hosting PV plant remains higher than the capability of the underground cables. This paper proved that the capability of the 60-Hz power system for hosting the PV plant is higher than the capability of 50 Hz power system. MATLAB software has been employed to obtain all results in this paper. The Newton-Raphson iterative method was the used method to solve the power flow of the investigated systems.

scholarly journals Reliability cost/worth assessment of distribution network formed by underground cables and overhead lines. Case study of Latvia

Energetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandrs Ļvovs ◽  
Ilze Priedite
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Underground Cables ◽  
Overhead Lines ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Reliability Level ◽  
Fault Statistics

The increasing number of severe weather occurrences that influence the number of large scale outages, especially in rural distribution networks, makes the question on the need of increasing reliability level of power supply of the distribution network even more actual. Distribution system operators and national regulators shall not only find a reliable but also a cost-effective solution for further distribution network development: the optimal reliability level of power supply. One of the reliability improvement solutions that allows effectively dealing with the reduction of the number of outages in rural distribution networks is the cablification of network. Construction costs of the aforementioned solution are quite high in comparison to other network line types, and due to that, the implementation of the solution always raises discussions on cost-effectiveness. The paper presents approaches for the cost/worth assessment of power line lifetime costs in the distribution network and for the assessment of customer costs of reliability that takes into account time-varying loads and outage costs (previously developed by authors of this paper [6, 7]) as well as for the assessment of traders’ losses due to electrical energy not supplied. The case study included in the paper is performed for Latvian conditions and takes into account information on the real customer costs of reliability of Latvian customers (information from the study of the Institute of Physical Energetics), fault statistics of Latvian underground cables and overhead lines, information with a high level of details on the capital costs, operational and fault elimination costs of distribution lines in Latvia.

scholarly journals High Impedance Fault Detection and Location in Combined Overhead Line and Underground Cable Distribution Networks Equipped with Data Loggers

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Khavari ◽  
Rahman Dashti ◽  
Hamid Reza Shaker ◽  
Athila Santos
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Fault Location ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Underground Cables ◽  
Overhead Lines ◽  
High Impedance ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
High Impedance Fault

Power distribution networks are vulnerable to different faults, which compromise the grid performance and need to be managed effectively. Automatic and accurate fault detection and location are key components of effective fault management. This paper proposes a new framework for fault detection and location for smart distribution networks that are equipped with data loggers. The framework supports networks with mixed overhead lines and underground cables. The proposed framework consists of area detection, faulty section identification, and high impedance fault location. Firstly, the faulty zone and section are detected based on the operation of over-current relays and digital fault recorders. Then, by comparing the recorded traveling times at both ends of lines, which are related to the protection zone, the faulty line is identified. In the last step, the location of the fault is estimated based on discrete wavelet transform. The proposed method is tested on a 20 kV 13 node network, which is composed of overhead lines and underground cables. The method is tested in both balanced and unbalanced configurations. The obtained results confirm the advantages of the proposed method compared with the current state-of-the art.

scholarly journals Failure Prevention and Malfunction Localization in Underground Medium Voltage Cables

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Igor Aizenberg ◽  
Riccardo Belardi ◽  
Marco Bindi ◽  
Francesco Grasso ◽  
Stefano Manetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Underground Cables ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Catastrophic Failures ◽  
Parameter Variations ◽  
Network Operation

A smart monitoring system capable of detecting and classifying the health conditions of MV (Medium Voltage) underground cables is presented in this work. Using the analysis technique proposed here, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of catastrophic failures in medium voltage underground lines, for which it is generally difficult to realize maintenance operations and carry out punctual inspections. This prognostic method is based on Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) and can be used online during normal network operation, resulting in a minimally invasive tool. In order to obtain the good results shown in the simulation section, it is necessary to develop a lamped equivalent circuit of the network branch under consideration. The standard π-model is used in this paper to analyse sections of a medium voltage cable and the parameter variations with temperature are used to classify the state of health of the line. In fact, the variation of the electrical parameters produces a corresponding variation in the frequency response. The proposed system is based on the use of a complex neural network with feedforward architecture. It processes the frequency response, allowing the classification of the cable conditions with an accuracy higher than 90%.

New solutions in EDP Distribuicao medium voltage overhead lines

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cardoso ◽  
J. Cardoso ◽  
J. Figueiredo ◽  
N. Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Overhead Lines ◽  
Medium Voltage

scholarly journals Machine Learning and GIS Approach for Electrical Load Assessment to Increase Distribution Networks Resilience

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4133
Author(s):  
Alessandro Bosisio ◽  
Matteo Moncecchi ◽  
Andrea Morotti ◽  
Marco Merlo
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Building Area

Currently, distribution system operators (DSOs) are asked to operate distribution grids, managing the rise of the distributed generators (DGs), the rise of the load correlated to heat pump and e-mobility, etc. Nevertheless, they are asked to minimize investments in new sensors and telecommunication links and, consequently, several nodes of the grid are still not monitored and tele-controlled. At the same time, DSOs are asked to improve the network’s resilience, looking for a reduction in the frequency and impact of power outages caused by extreme weather events. The paper presents a machine learning GIS-based approach to estimate a secondary substation’s load profiles, even in those cases where monitoring sensors are not deployed. For this purpose, a large amount of data from different sources has been collected and integrated to describe secondary substation load profiles adequately. Based on real measurements of some secondary substations (medium-voltage to low-voltage interface) given by Unareti, the DSO of Milan, and georeferenced data gathered from open-source databases, unknown secondary substations load profiles are estimated. Three types of machine learning algorithms, regression tree, boosting, and random forest, as well as geographic information system (GIS) information, such as secondary substation locations, building area, types of occupants, etc., are considered to find the most effective approach.

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