Biodiversity of orb-web spiders (family: araneidae) of buner valley, Pakistan

The present research was carried out to explore the spider fauna of Buner valley with taxonomic study from February 2018 to January 2019. For this purpose samples were collected, four times at each month from 4 tehsils: Daggar, Gagra, Mandan and Totalai. Two methods were used, hand picking and sweep net for collection of samples. During day and night, three habitats, arid area, agriculture land and building area were search for collection. A total of 534 samples of spider were collected from four sampling sites, in which 379 were belonging to family Araniedae. After confirmation, the identified species were belonging to 8 genera (Neoscona, Argiope, Cyclosa, Araneus, Cyrtophora, Larinia, Erivoxia and Poltys) and 19 species. 18 of them were identified to specie level while a single specie to its generic level. The genus Neoscona was the dominant genus 26.31% having 5 species while the genus Argiope 21.05% is the second dominant having 4 species followed by Cyclosa 15.78% having 3 species followed by Cyrtophora and Araneus 10.52% having two species both. The Poltys and Larinia 5.26% are the rarest genera represent single-single specie both. Statistical analysis show that specie richness (D) = 5.77, Simpson index (1-D) = 0.87, Shannon index (H) = 2.33. Diversity of spiders was evenly distributed and calculated Evenness value was H/InS = 0.5408. There is also few atypical species and Fisher alpha estimate high value (Fisher α) = 4.42. Chao-1 estimated we have reported 22 species.

Residential Buildings Complex Boundaries Generation Based on Spatial Grid System

The automatic generation of building boundaries in contemporary research and engineering projects and practices is dominantly characterized by interior functional constraints. As a basis for the automated generation of various building boundaries, the solution presented in this paper is a novel approach that ignores the internal (functional) and focuses only on the external (non-functional) impacts. The primary orientation on external impacts may be, at any instance, extended by suitable complementary traditional methodology. The applied research methodology and presented method rely on a developed extendible rule-based system that simplifies floor plan creation by the recursive application of a formulated spatial grid generation algorithm. Based on starting parameter values (mainly the lot and building area spaces) the algorithm tends to create a set of grids that satisfy initial constraints by marking the individual grid cells as a part of the building or empty. The presented conceptual framework model served as a foundation for creating a prototype software application that supports the experimental generation of grid arrays that are transformed into readable images of residential building boundaries. For the initial validation of the developed methodology, method, and algorithm, the concrete parametric resolution is set to 1 m. The comparative analysis has shown that the presented approach overcomes some of the limitations of previous related research that generate building boundaries in simple rectangular form or with limited variability. The proposed method, in its current stage, outperforms discussed existing methods concerning complex shape boundary building plan generation. Besides that, there is a broad space for further enhancement directions concerning the interoperability with other, independently developed, frameworks, and software tools.

Forecast and Analysis of the Total Amount of Civil Buildings in China in the Future Based on Population Driven

Controlling the scale of civil buildings is of great significance for energy saving and emission reduction in the construction field. This paper analyzes and extracts the key index parameters for the calculation of various civil building areas, establishes a detailed calculation model of the total civil building area, and constructs three different scenarios to predict various civil building areas in China from 2020 to 2060. Under the three scenarios, the total amount of civil buildings in China will reach a peak of 93.5, 84.6, and 76.3 billion m2 in 2040, 2035, and 2035, respectively. Under the constraints of energy consumption and carbon emission, this paper suggests that civil buildings develop according to the medium control scenario. In 2035, the urban per capita residential area will reach a peak of 42 m2, the urban residential area will reach 43 billion m2, the rural per capita residential area will reach the peak of 55 m2, the rural residential area will reach 20.6 billion m2, and the public building area will reach 21 billion m2. By 2060, the total area of civil buildings will drop to 76.5 billion m2, including 37.1 billion m2 of urban residential buildings, 18.5 billion m2 of rural residential buildings, and 20.9 billion m2 of public buildings.

STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF MOSQUE BUILDING BASED ON ADDITIONAL CAPACITY OF PRAYER ROOM

<p>Mosques serve as a place of worship and foster Muslims who live around the mosque, so the function of this can give a positive impact for Muslims’ life. Mosques also function as a place for developing people’s activities from the time of Prophet Muhammad to the present. It certainly plays important roles so the condition of the mosque, especially the interior, needs to have comfort element in order to get more solemnity when carrying out those activities. Mosque Al-Hidayah is located in Kampung Belentuk RT 001 RW 001, Kelurahan Cimahpar, Kecamatan Bogor Utara, Kota Bogor. This Belentuk village area has a land area of 23 hectares with a Muslim population of 1571 and 807 of them are men. This village has three mosques which Masjid Al-Hidayah is one of them. At this time, mosque Al-Hidayah has land area of 339 m² with a building area of 128,9 m² so that the room capacity can only accommodate 106 people. The number of men of Kampun Belantuk are divided into those three mosques of the village, even so, Mosque Al-Hidayah is not able to accommodate the number of people especially on Friday prayer because the number of worshipers is more than the current capacity of the mosque. The result of the analysis shows the need for prayer space is 330 m2 to accommodate 270 worshipers in prayer activities, especially Friday prayers, then the result of the analysis of the existing concrete structure were carried out by means of a concrete bounce test using the Hammer test, it is known that the average value of the concrete quality in the column is fc'=13.34 MPa, the block is equal to fc'=14.41 MPa. It indicates that the quality of the existing concrete of the Al-Hidayah Mosque does not meet the requirements of SNI 2847-2019 Article 19.2 concerning the minimum allowable normal concrete quality, then the design is carried out according to space requirements and a structural analysis is carried out on the planned design. The planned design is based on the existing space and land requirements which are 15 m x 14 m with a height of 3.5 m per floor and structural analysis is declared safe.</p>

PENERAPAN METODE PERBANDINGAN EXPONENSIAL (MPE) PENENTUAN PENERIMAAN BERAS SEJAHTRA (RASTRA) DI DESA TOBU

This research was made with the aim of developing the application of determining the recipient of Rastra (Rice Prosperous) aid in Tobu Village. South middle Timor district by applying the exponential comparison method. Variables or criteria used in this study are work, income, number of dependents, building area and housing conditions and detailed criteria on each variable. This research succeeded in developing an application ranking community beneficiaries of Rastra in Tobu village by using the exponential comparison method (MPE). In this application provides a graphical display feature, print reports that will be used to print and view the results of the ranking of people who are entitled to receive Sejahtera ria.

Waste management planning toward zero waste in Hotel XYZ Bandung with circular economy principles (case study: room service facility’s solid waste)

Hotel XYZ is a commercial area in the city of Bandung which still applies the traditional linear economic cycle. The 61.61% of ±9000 m2 building area is used for room service facilities. The hotel has not paid attention to its waste management so all the waste generated from this hotel end up at the landfill area. This study aims at improving the waste management in Hotel XYZ to meet the principle of circular economy. Using SNI 19-3964-1994 approach to measure the generation of waste composition, the amount of waste generated from room service facilities is 0.03 kg/m2/day or 0.41 liter/m2/day. The zero waste index (ZWI) calculation was used for the evaluation of waste management in the hotel. The waste generated at Hotel XYZ has the potential to achieve substitute material savings by 63.16 kg, substitution of energy by 775.79 MegaJoule (MJ), greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction by 49.36 kg/CO2e, -164.06 L/kg of water saving. The most waste generated by hotel room service facilities is recyclable waste consisting of single-use packaging from hotel equipments. Waste reduction plan for the room service facilities is carried out by replacing single-use packaging with refillable packaging so the hotel is able to save their shopping expenditure costs up to Rp. 844,691.00 per day.

Factors Influencing Rural Households’ Decision-Making Behavior on Residential Relocation: Willingness and Destination

All the traditional models of centralized residence based on “building a new socialist countryside” and “maintaining a balance between the increase and the decrease” are top-down in nature and require farmers to make responses and readjustment to all possible policies and changes. Therefore, it’s important to understand farmers’ preferences and take their willingness and needs into account when designing and implementing the relative planning programs of centralized residence. In this paper, with the numerical value 10 as the criterion of Events Per Variable (EPV) and Variance Inflation Factor (VIF), four different types of binary logistic regression were respectively applied to analyze factors that may influence farmer households’ relocation willingness and relocation destination in the following five aspects: Individual characteristics, household characteristics, housing characteristics, farmland characteristics, and implementation environment of centralized residence. As indicated in the results, people would show more willingness to relocate when they were younger, had higher household income, lived in an older building, possessed a bigger building area, owned farmland with higher quality, or lived in an environment with a higher infrastructure match rate. In addition, household income was a common factor influencing households’ choice between nearby relocation sites (NRS) and urban areas as their relocation destinations. The building area and occupancy rate negatively affected households’ choice of NRS, while building age negatively affected that of urban areas. Based on these influencing factors, some policy suggestions are proposed in this paper in terms of job creation, implementation of zoning and classification strategies, improvement of the quality of land transfer services, and reconstruction of the rural landscapes.

Menentukan Desain Struktur Atas Gedung Fajar Biru Trenggalek Berdasarkan SNI (Standart Nasional Indonesia)

A multi-storey reinforced concrete building is very prone to collapse. Therefore, proper structural planning is needed in order to qualify the strength and security of the structure. Fajar Biru Building is a building that will be built in Karangsuko village of Trenggalek Regency, East Java. The building functioned as a cost with a building area of 340 m2, and has a total of 4 floors. The method used is the SRPMM (Medium Moment Musician Frame System) method which refers to SNI 1726:2012, and SNI 2847:2013. Planning includes the calculation of beams, floor plates, and columns. From the results of the calculations that have been done. on the floor plate structure with a plate thickness of 120 mm, Ø12 tree bones are used with a distance of 100 mm for pedestals and 150 mm for field areas. On the looping of B1 beams with dimensions of 300x350 mm used 6-D16 tree bones for focus and 4-D16 for field areas with Ø10-70 mm for focus and Ø10-140 mm for field areas. For the repeating of Column K1 with dimensions of 300x600 mm used 10-D16 principal bones with a Ø10-70 mm dimension. So that from these results can be used as a reference in the implementation of the construction of the blue dawn building.

A Study of Self-Powered Robotic Parking Lots in Inhabited Areas

This study focused on the use of technical solutions for automated parking for urban needs with regard to energetic self-sufficiency, balancing the price and usability of the building area for the optimal number of parking spaces and the goal of the maximum use of the building surface for green areas that provide not only oxygen production but also filtration of dust particles and appropriate water management.

ANALISIS ABRASI DAN AKRESI PERAIRAN PANTAI BARUS TAPANULI TENGAH DENGAN MODEL CEDAS 2.0

Barus is an area where most of the people are fishermen, this is because Barus is an area located on the coast. The existing condition shows the shoreline on the east side of the seawall building, the condition of the shoreline is experiencing abrasion resulting in the retreat of the coastline and almost reaches the fisherman's flat building area, this is due to the port building in the form of a massive trester jutting into the sea resulting in sediment supply to the retained flat towers and the coastline has declined.To maintain the stability of the coastline, it is necessary to make an effort to control the damage to water in this area. The shoreline model is a numerical forecast model based on the sediment continuity equation and the sediment transport rate equation along the coast. Sediment transport rates along the coast are a function of the variation in height and direction of waves along the coast formed by the effects of refraction and diffraction. The results of the shoreline change model with the protection of the fisherman's flat area from waves by building sea walls is the east side of the fisherman's towers abrasion ± 7 m and sedimentation ± 5 m, the front area of the fisherman's towers does not occur sedimentation or abrasion, the western side of the fisherman's towers does not sedimentation and abrasion occurred, the east side of Barus Jetty did not occur abrasion or sedimentation, the area of Barus Jetty occurred ± 20 m sedimentation, and the west side of Barus Jetty occurred sedimentation ± 9 m. These results indicate that for handling conditions by making a seawall in front of the flat area shows that the location is safe from scouring of waves