scholarly journals A Miniaturized Butler Matrix Based Switched Beamforming Antenna System in a Two-Layer Hybrid Stackup Substrate for 5G Applications

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soyeon Kim ◽  
Seongjo Yoon ◽  
Yongho Lee ◽  
Hyunchol Shin
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
System Size ◽  
Antenna System ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Butler Matrix ◽  
Antenna Performance ◽  
Circuit Components

This work presents a Butler matrix based four-directional switched beamforming antenna system realized in a two-layer hybrid stackup substrate for 28-GHz mm-Wave 5G wireless applications. The hybrid stackup substrate is composed of two layers with different electrical and thermal properties. It is formed by attaching two layers by using prepreg, in which the circuit components are placed in both outer planes and the ground layers are placed in the middle. The upper layer that is used as antenna substrate has εr = 2.17, tanδ = 0.0009 and h = 0.254 mm. The lower layer that is used as a Butler matrix substrate has εr = 6.15, tanδ = 0.0028 and h = 0.254 mm. By realizing the antenna array on the lower-εr layer while the Butler matrix on the higher-εr layer, the Butler matrix dimension is significantly reduced without sacrificing the array antenna performance, leading to significant overall antenna system size reduction. The two-layer substrate approach also significantly suppresses parasitic radiation leaking from the Butler matrix toward the antenna side, allowing overall radiation pattern improvement. The fabricated beamforming antenna is composed of 1 × 4 patch antenna array and a 4 × 4 Butler matrix. The measured return loss is lower than −8 dB at all ports in 28-GHz. It demonstrates the switched beam steering toward four distinct angles of—16°, +36°, −39°, and +7°, with the sidelobe levels of −12, −11.7, −6, and −13.8 dB, respectively. Antenna gain is found to be about 10 dBi. Due to the two-layer hybrid stackup substrate, the total antenna system is realized only in 1.7λ × 2.1λ, which shows the smallest form factor compared to similar other works.

scholarly journals Dual-Circularly Polarized 60 GHz Beam-Steerable Antenna Array with 8 × 8 Butler Matrix

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuntae Park ◽  
Jihoon Bang ◽  
Jaehoon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Circular Polarization ◽  
Antenna Array ◽  
Mutual Coupling ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
60 Ghz ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Butler Matrix ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Steerable Antenna ◽  
The Right

A beam-steerable dual-circularly polarized 60 GHz antenna array is proposed. A 1 × 4 dual-fed stacked patch antenna array is integrated with an 8 × 8 Butler matrix. By utilizing the 8 × 8 Butler matrix, the proposed antenna array generates dual-circular polarization with beam-steering capability. The proposed antenna array system demonstrates good reflection coefficients in the frequency band ranging from 55.3 GHz to 64.9 GHz and has a mutual coupling of less than −10 dB over the frequency range of 57.5 GHz–63.2 GHz. At 60 GHz, the maximum gains and beam-steering angles for input ports 2, 4, 5, and 7 are 9.39 dBi at −38°, 10.67 dBi at −11°, 10.63 dBi at +11°, and 9.38 dBi at +39°, respectively. It is also demonstrated that the dual-polarization is well formed by switching the excitation ports. The right-handed circular polarization (RHCP) is formed when four ports from port 1 to port 4 are excited and left-handed circular polarization (LHCP) is formed when four ports from port 5 to port 8 are excited. The proposed antenna array system could be a good candidate for millimeter-wave 5G applications that require wide beam coverage and polarization diversity.

Beam-steering antenna array based on a butler matrix feed network with CP capability for satellite application

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (07) ◽  
pp. P07005-P07005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Mousavi ◽  
P. Rezaei ◽  
M. Borhani Kakhki ◽  
T.A. Denidni
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Butler Matrix ◽  
Feed Network

scholarly journals A 28-GHz Switched-Beam Antenna with Integrated Butler Matrix and Switch for 5G Applications

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5128
Author(s):  
Sujae Lee ◽  
Yongho Lee ◽  
Hyunchol Shin
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Side Lobe ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Butler Matrix ◽  
System A ◽  
Beam Switching

This work presents a 28-GHz Butler matrix based switched-beam antenna for fifth-generation (5G) wireless applications. It integrates a 1 × 4 microstrip antenna, a 4 × 4 Butler matrix, and a single-pole four-throw (SP4T) absorptive switch in a single planar printed circuit board and is housed in a metal enclosure. Co-integration of a packaged switch chip with the Butler matrix based switched-beam antenna greatly enhances the form factor and integration level of the entire system. A wideband two-section branch line coupler is employed to minimize the phase and magnitude errors and variations of the Butler matrix. The aluminum metal enclosure stabilizes the electrical performances, reduces the sidelobes, and improves the structural stability. The fabricated antenna with the metal enclosure assembled has a dimension of 37 × 50 × 6.2 mm3. With an RF input signal fed to the antenna’s input port through a single Ka-band connector, and the switching states chosen by 2-bit dc control voltages, the antenna successfully demonstrates four directional switched beams. The beam switching operations are verified through the over-the-air far-field measurements. The measured results show that the four beam steering directions are −43°, −17°, +10°, +34° with side lobe levels < −5.3 dB at 28 GHz. The antenna also shows reasonably wideband radiation patterns over 27–29 GHz band. The 10-dB impedance bandwidth is 25.4–27.6 GHz, while a slightly relaxed 8-dB bandwidth is 25.2–29.6 GHz. Compared to previous works, this four-directional switched-beam antenna successfully exhibits the advantages of high integration level and satisfactory performances for the 28-GHz 5G wireless applications.

scholarly journals Trapezoidal Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for Low Frequency Medical Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suganthi Santhanam ◽  
Thiruvalar Selvan Palavesam
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Surface Current ◽  
Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Microstrip Patch

Abstract This paper presents the design of flexible trapezoidal radiating patch antenna array with FR4 substrate for onbody low frequency medical applications. The array resonates at 1.89 GHz with impedance bandwidth of 80 MHz and low return loss of -26.19 dB. The VSWR of 1.103 validate the activeness of the proposed antenna array having maximum surface current 133.1 (A/m) and directivity of 4.48 dBi. The antenna array exhibit the H-Field strength of 160.52 (A/m) and E-Field of 36093.4 (V/m) prove the radiation capability at low frequency on body application. These properties demonstrate the suitability of proposed array antenna for on body medical wireless applications.

Design of Hybrid Antenna System for User Terminal Applications

Frequenz ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 407-414
Author(s):  
Lingsheng Yang ◽  
Peijie Wang ◽  
Biyu Cheng ◽  
Jianping Fang
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Smart Antenna ◽  
Mimo System ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Antenna System ◽  
User Terminal ◽  
Pattern Diversity ◽  
Feed Networks ◽  
Smart Antenna Array

Abstract An eight-element hybrid Smart antenna-MIMO system for user terminal application is proposed in this paper. The hybrid antenna system is based on an eight elements antenna array. When operate with respective feed ports, by using radiation pattern diversity, more than 15 dB isolation among antenna elements can be achieved. After designing the feed networks based on maximum power transmission optimization between the transmit and receive antennas, beam steering performance can be obtained, the eight elements work together as a smart antenna array. The hybrid system has both the advantages of MIMO and smart antenna, and is competitive for future wireless communication applications.

Circularly Polarized Beam-Steering Antenna Array With Butler Matrix Network

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1278-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changrong Liu ◽  
Shaoqiu Xiao ◽  
Yong-Xin Guo ◽  
Ming-Chun Tang ◽  
Yan-Ying Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Butler Matrix ◽  
Polarized Beam

scholarly journals High-Gain Textile Antenna Array System for Off-Body Communication

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lucia Scarpello ◽  
Luigi Vallozzi ◽  
Hendrik Rogier ◽  
Dries Vande Ginste
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Mutual Coupling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Antenna System ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Textile Antenna ◽  
Coupling Characteristics ◽  
The Stability

A novel high-gain textile antenna array system, fully integrated into a rescue-worker’s vest and operating in the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical wireless band (2.4–2.4835 GHz), is presented. The system comprises an array consisting of four tip-truncated equilateral triangular microstrip patch antennas (ETMPAs), a power divider, line stretchers, and coaxial cables. The array is vertically positioned on the human torso to produce a narrow beam in elevation, as such reducing fading and allowing to steer the maximum gain in a small angular sector centered around the broadside direction. To allow simple low-cost beam steering, we specifically minimize mutual coupling by using a relative large distance between the patches and by selecting the ETMPA element as the most suited topology from three potential patch geometries. Moreover, we investigate the stability of return loss and mutual coupling characteristics under different relative humidity conditions, when bending the array, when placing the system on-body, and when covering it by different textile layers. Reflection coefficient and gain patterns are simulated and measured for the antenna system in free space and placed on the human body.

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