A 28-GHz Switched-Beam Antenna with Integrated Butler Matrix and Switch for 5G Applications

This work presents a 28-GHz Butler matrix based switched-beam antenna for fifth-generation (5G) wireless applications. It integrates a 1 × 4 microstrip antenna, a 4 × 4 Butler matrix, and a single-pole four-throw (SP4T) absorptive switch in a single planar printed circuit board and is housed in a metal enclosure. Co-integration of a packaged switch chip with the Butler matrix based switched-beam antenna greatly enhances the form factor and integration level of the entire system. A wideband two-section branch line coupler is employed to minimize the phase and magnitude errors and variations of the Butler matrix. The aluminum metal enclosure stabilizes the electrical performances, reduces the sidelobes, and improves the structural stability. The fabricated antenna with the metal enclosure assembled has a dimension of 37 × 50 × 6.2 mm3. With an RF input signal fed to the antenna’s input port through a single Ka-band connector, and the switching states chosen by 2-bit dc control voltages, the antenna successfully demonstrates four directional switched beams. The beam switching operations are verified through the over-the-air far-field measurements. The measured results show that the four beam steering directions are −43°, −17°, +10°, +34° with side lobe levels < −5.3 dB at 28 GHz. The antenna also shows reasonably wideband radiation patterns over 27–29 GHz band. The 10-dB impedance bandwidth is 25.4–27.6 GHz, while a slightly relaxed 8-dB bandwidth is 25.2–29.6 GHz. Compared to previous works, this four-directional switched-beam antenna successfully exhibits the advantages of high integration level and satisfactory performances for the 28-GHz 5G wireless applications.

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Wideband Rectangular Foldable and Non-foldable Antenna for Internet of Things Applications

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation ◽

10.1155/2019/2125713 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Steve W. Y. Mung ◽

Cheuk Yin Cheung ◽

Ka Ming Wu ◽

Joseph S. M. Yuen

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Printed Circuit Board ◽

Circuit Board ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Multiple Frequency ◽

Wireless Applications ◽

Printed Circuit ◽

Iot Applications ◽

Trade Offs ◽

The Cost

This article presents a simple wideband rectangular antenna in foldable and non-foldable (printed circuit board (PCB)) structures for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Both are simple structures with two similar rectangular metal planes which cover multiple frequency bands such as GPS, WCDMA/LTE, and 2.4 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands. This wideband antenna is suitable to integrate into the short- and long-range wireless applications such as the short-range 2.4 GHz ISM band and standard cellular bands. This lowers the overall size of the product as well as the cost in the applications. In this article, the configuration and operation principle are presented as well as its trade-offs on the design parameters. Simulated and experimental results of foldable and non-foldable (PCB) structures show that the antenna is suited for IoT applications.

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Robotic system design and development for automated dismantling of PCB waste

Industrial Robot the international journal of robotics research and application ◽

10.1108/ir-11-2020-0246 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Ioan Doroftei ◽

Daniel Chirita ◽

Ciprian Stamate ◽

Stelian Cazan ◽

Carlos Pascal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Design Methodology ◽

Printed Circuit Board ◽

Vision System ◽

Electronic Waste ◽

Robotic System ◽

Circuit Board ◽

Short Introduction ◽

Content Type ◽

Printed Circuit ◽

System A

Purpose The mass electronics sector is one of the most critical sources of waste, in terms of volume and content with dangerous effects on the environment. The purpose of this study is to provide an automated and accurate dismantling system that can improve the outcome of recycling. Design/methodology/approach Following a short introduction, the paper details the implementation layout and highlights the advantages of using a custom architecture for the automated dismantling of printed circuit board waste. Findings Currently, the amount of electronic waste is impressive while manual dismantling is a very common and non-efficient approach. Designing an automatic procedure that can be replicated, is one of the tasks for efficient electronic waste recovery. This paper proposes an automated dismantling system for the advanced recovery of particular waste materials from computer and telecommunications equipment. The automated dismantling architecture is built using a robotic system, a custom device and an eye-to-hand configuration for a stereo vision system. Originality/value The proposed approach is innovative because of its custom device design. The custom device is built using a programmable screwdriver combined with an innovative rotary dismantling tool. The dismantling torque can be tuned empirically.

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Mobile-Phone Antenna Array with Diamond-Ring Slot Elements for 5G Massive MIMO Systems

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics8050521 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 521 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Naser Ojaroudi Parchin ◽

Haleh Jahanbakhsh Basherlou ◽

Mohammad Alibakhshikenari ◽

Yasser Ojaroudi Parchin ◽

Yasir I. A. Al-Yasir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mobile Phone ◽

Antenna Array ◽

Massive Mimo ◽

Printed Circuit Board ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Mimo Systems ◽

Circuit Board ◽

Slot Antenna ◽

Impedance Bandwidth ◽

Diamond Ring

A design of mobile-phone antenna array with diamond-ring slot elements is proposed for fifth generation (5G) massive multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The configuration of the design consists of four double-fed diamond-ring slot antenna elements placed at different corners of the mobile-phone printed circuit board (PCB). A low-cost FR-4 dielectric with an overall dimension of 75 × 150 mm2 is used as the design substrate. The antenna elements are fed by 50-Ohm L-shaped microstrip-lines. Due to the orthogonal placement of microstrip feed lines, the diamond-ring slot elements can exhibit the polarization and radiation pattern diversity characteristic. A good impedance bandwidth (S11 ≤ −10 dB) of 3.2–4 GHz has been achieved for each antenna radiator. However, for S11 ≤ −6 dB, this value is 3–4.2 GHz. The proposed design provides the required radiation coverage of 5G smartphones. The performance of the proposed MIMO antenna design is examined using both simulation and experiment. High isolation, high efficiency and sufficient gain-level characteristics have been obtained for the proposed MIMO smartphone antenna. In addition, the calculated total active reflection coefficient (TARC) and envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of the antenna elements are very low over the whole band of interest which verify the capability of the proposed multi-antenna systems for massive MIMO and diversity applications. Furthermore, the properties of the design in Data-mode/Talk-mode are investigated and presented.

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A Photonically-Excited Leaky-Wave Antenna Array at E-Band for 1-D Beam Steering

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10103474 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 3474

Author(s):

Álvaro J. Pascual-Gracia ◽

Muhsin Ali ◽

Guillermo Carpintero Del Barrio ◽

Fabien Ferrero ◽

Laurent Brochier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Printed Circuit Board ◽

Beam Steering ◽

Hybrid Approach ◽

Circuit Board ◽

Antenna Element ◽

Leaky Wave ◽

Full Wave ◽

Leaky Wave Antenna ◽

Wave Antenna ◽

Free Data

This manuscript reports the first leaky-wave antenna (LWA) array excited by a photomixer as well as its potential application for alignment in wireless links. The designed array is manufactured in printed circuit board (PCB) technology, works at the E-band (from 75 to 85 GHz), and provides a directive beam of about 18 dBi with a frequency scanning span of 22°. The antenna element consists of a microstrip line periodically loaded with stubs, and it has been designed employing a hybrid approach combining full-wave simulations and transmission line theory. This approach enables the optimization of the periods when the open-stopband of the LWA is mitigated or removed at the frequency of broadside emission. The proposed antenna was first tested using a ground signal ground (GSG) probe; the measured return loss and radiation patterns of the fabricated prototype were in good agreement with full-wave simulations. Then, the LWA array was integrated with the photomixer chip using conductive epoxy threads. Measurements of the radiated power yielded a maximum of 120 µW at 80.5 GHz for a 9.8 mA photocurrent. Finally, the antenna was used in a 25 cm wireless link, obtaining a 2.15 Gbps error-free data rate.

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Printed circuit board material and design considerations for wireless applications

1996 Proceedings 46th Electronic Components and Technology Conference ◽

10.1109/ectc.1996.517413 ◽

2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. Daigle

Keyword(s):

Printed Circuit Board ◽

Circuit Board ◽

Wireless Applications ◽

Printed Circuit ◽

Design Considerations ◽

Board Material

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Dual Band Gap Coupled Antenna Design with DGS for Wireless Communications

Advanced Electromagnetics ◽

10.7716/aem.v2i3.201 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 51 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Kandwal ◽

R. Sharma ◽

S. K. Khah

Keyword(s):

Side Lobe ◽

Dual Band ◽

Impedance Bandwidth ◽

Side Lobe Level ◽

Defected Ground Structure ◽

Ground Structure ◽

Wireless Applications ◽

X Band ◽

Ring Antenna ◽

Good Agreement

A novel gap coupled dual band multiple ring antenna with a defected ground structure (DGS) has been successfully implemented. A different technique is used in this communication where both gap coupling and defected ground are applied to obtain better results for wireless applications. The designed antenna operates in two different frequency bands. The antenna shows a wideband in C-band and also resonates in the X-band. The main parameters like return loss, impedance bandwidth, radiation pattern and gain are presented and discussed. The gain is increased and the side lobe level is considerably reduced to a good extent. Designed antenna is tested and the results show that the simulation and experimental results are in good agreement with each other.

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A Millimeter-Wave Wideband Circularly Polarized Planar Spiral Antenna Array with Unequal Amplitude Feeding Network

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation ◽

10.1155/2021/9955502 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Huakang Chen ◽

Yu Shao ◽

Zhangjian He ◽

Changhong Zhang ◽

Zhizhong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Antenna Array ◽

Millimeter Wave ◽

Printed Circuit Board ◽

Low Cost ◽

Axial Ratio ◽

Circuit Board ◽

Impedance Bandwidth ◽

Side Lobe Level ◽

Archimedean Spiral ◽

Circularly Polarized

A 2 × 2 wideband circularly polarized (CP) antenna array operating at millimeter wave (mmWave) band is presented. The array element is a wideband CP Archimedean spiral radiator with special-shaped ring slot. The elements are fed by an unequal amplitude (UA) feeding network based on a microstrip line (MSL) power divider. The side lobe level is improved by this UA feeding network. In addition, a cross slot is employed to isolate the elements for decoupling. A prototype is fabricated, and the measured results show that the proposed array achieves an impedance bandwidth (IBW) of 6.31 GHz (22.5% referring to 28 GHz) and an axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 7.32 GHz (26.1% referring to 28 GHz). The peak gain of the proposed array is 11.3 dBic, and the gain is greater than 9.3 dBic within the whole desired band (from 25 GHz to 31 GHz). The proposed array consists of only one substrate layer and can be built by the conventional printed circuit board technology. Attributed to the characteristics of wide bandwidth, simple structure, low profile, and low cost, the proposed antenna array has a great potential in mmWave wireless communications.

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Aperture coupled stacked patch thin film antenna for automotive radar at 77 GHz

International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies ◽

10.1017/s1759078719000795 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1061-1068

Author(s):

Osama Khan ◽

Johannes Meyer ◽

Klaus Baur ◽

Saeed Arafat ◽

Christian Waldschmidt

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Printed Circuit Board ◽

Single Layer ◽

Circuit Board ◽

Impedance Bandwidth ◽

Automotive Radar ◽

Hybrid Thin Film ◽

Measurement Results ◽

Radar Applications ◽

Broadside Radiation

AbstractA hybrid thin film multilayer antenna for automotive radar is presented in this work. A 2 × 8 aperture coupled stacked patch antenna array is realized on a single layer printed circuit board (PCB) using a novel thin film-based approach. Using a compact 180° phase difference power divider, inter-element spacing in a 2×2 sub-array is reduced. Measurement results show a 19% (67.9–82.5 GHz) impedance bandwidth and a wideband broadside radiation pattern, with a maximum gain of 15.4 dBi realized gain at 72 GHz. The presented antenna compares favorably with other multilayer PCB antennas in terms of performance, with the advantage of simpler manufacturing and robust design. The antenna can be employed in mid-range automotive radar applications.

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Circularly Polarized Triband Printed Quasi-Yagi Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Applications

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation ◽

10.1155/2015/329453 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dalia M. Elsheakh ◽

Magdy F. Iskander

Keyword(s):

Circular Polarization ◽

Printed Circuit Board ◽

Ground Plane ◽

Axial Ratio ◽

Circuit Board ◽

Impedance Bandwidth ◽

60 Ghz ◽

Antenna Structure ◽

Circularly Polarized ◽

Yagi Antenna

This paper describes the design and development of a triband with circularly polarized quasi-Yagi antenna for ka-band and short range wireless communications applications. The proposed antenna consists of an integrated balun-fed printed dipole, parasitic folded dipole and a short strip, and a modified ground plane. The antenna structure, together with the parasitic elements, is designed to achieve circular polarization and triband operating at resonant frequencies of 13.5 GHz, 30 GHz, and 60 GHz. Antenna design was first simulated using HFSS ver.14, and the obtained results were compared with experimental measurements on a prototype developed on a single printed circuit board. Achieved characteristics include −10 dB impedance bandwidth at the desired bands, circular polarization axial ratioAR<3 dB, front to back ratio of 6 dB, gain value of about 4 dBi, and average radiation efficiency of 60%. The paper includes comparison between simulation and experimental results.

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