scholarly journals Photovoltaic Degradation Rate Affected by Different Weather Conditions: A Case Study Based on PV Systems in the UK and Australia

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Dhimish ◽  
Abdullah Alrashidi
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
The Uk

This article presents the analysis of degradation rate over 10 years (2008 to 2017) for six different photovoltaic (PV) sites located in the United Kingdom (mainly affected by cold weather conditions) and Australia (PV affected by hot weather conditions). The analysis of the degradation rate was carried out using the year-on-year (YOY) degradation technique. It was found that the degradation rate in the UK systems varies from −1.05% and −1.16%/year. Whereas a higher degradation ranging from −1.35% to −1.46%/year is observed for the PV systems installed in Australia. Additionally, it was found that in the Australian PV systems multiple faulty PV bypass diodes are present due to the rapid change in the ambient temperature and uneven solar irradiance levels influencing the PV modules. However, in cold weather conditions (such as in the Northern UK) none of the bypass diodes were damaged over the considered PV exposure period. Furthermore, the number of PV hot spots have also been observed, where it was found that in the UK-based PV systems the number of hot spotted PV modules are less than those found in the Australian systems. Finally, the analysis of the monthly performance ratio (PR) was calculated. It was found that the mean monthly PR is equal to 88.81% and 86.35% for PV systems installed in the UK and Australia, respectively.

scholarly journals Performance Ratio and Degradation Rate Analysis of 10-Year Field Exposed Residential Photovoltaic Installations in the UK and Ireland

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-183
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Dhimish
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Power Delivery ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
The Uk

As photovoltaic (PV) penetration of the power grid increases, accurate predictions of return on investment require accurate analysis of decreased operational power output over time. The degradation rate in PV module performance must be known in order to predict power delivery. This article presents the degradation rates over 10 years for seven different PV systems located in England, Scotland, and Ireland. The lowest PV degradation rates of −0.4% to −0.6%/year were obtained at the Irish PV sites. Higher PV degradation rates of −0.7% to −0.9%/year were found in England, whereas the highest degradation rate of −1.0%/year was observed in relatively cold areas including Aberdeen and Glasgow, located in Scotland. The main reason that the PV systems affected by cold climate conditions had the highest degradation rates was the frequent hoarfrost and heavy snow affecting these PV systems, which considerably affected the reliability and durability of the PV modules and their performance. Additionally, in this article, we analyse the monthly mean performance ratio (PR) for all examined PV systems. It was found that PV systems located in Ireland and England were more reliable compared to those located in Scotland.

scholarly journals Global Climate Data Processing and Mapping of Degradation Mechanisms and Degradation Rates of PV Modules

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Ascencio-Vásquez ◽  
Ismail Kaaya ◽  
Kristijan Brecl ◽  
Karl-Anders Weiss ◽  
Marko Topič
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Degradation Mechanisms ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are the cheapest source of electricity in sunny locations and nearly all European countries. However, the fast deployment of PV systems around the world is bringing uncertainty to the PV community in terms of the reliability and long-term performance of PV modules under different climatic stresses, such as irradiation, temperature changes, and humidity. Methodologies and models to estimate the annual degradation rates of PV modules have been studied in the past, yet, an evaluation of the issue at global scale has not been addressed so far. Hereby, we process the ERA5 climate re-analysis dataset to extract and model the climatic stresses necessary for the calculation of degradation rates. These stresses are then applied to evaluate three degradation mechanisms (hydrolysis-degradation, thermomechanical-degradation, and photo- degradation) and the total degradation rate of PV modules due to the combination of temperature, humidity, and ultraviolet irradiation. Further on, spatial distribution of the degradation rates worldwide is computed and discussed proving direct correlation with the Köppen-Geiger-Photovoltaic climate zones, showing that the typical value considered for the degradation rate on PV design and manufacturer warranties (i.e., 0.5%/a) can vary ± 0.3%/a in the temperate zones of Europe and rise up to 1.5%/a globally. The mapping of degradation mechanisms and total degradation rates is provided for a monocrystalline silicon PV module. Additionally, we analyze the temporal evolution of degradation rates, where a global degradation rate is introduced and its dependence on global ambient temperature demonstrated. Finally, the categorization of degradation rates is made for Europe and worldwide to facilitate the understanding of the climatic stresses.

Influence of Cold Weather on Compressive Strength in High Performance with Silica Fume

2014 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 445-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Il Jang ◽  
Wan Shin Park ◽  
Sun Woong Kim ◽  
Song Hui Yun ◽  
Hyun Do Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
Hot Weather

This paper addresses the influence of cold weather on the compressive strength of high performance concrete with silica fume under different curing days. Test variables of this study are weather condition (5°C, -5°C and-15°C) and different curing days (7days and 28 days). In this work, the specimen was designed a water-binder ratio of 0.34. One batches of concrete were prepared for each mixing hour, and the compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens was measured after 7 and 28 days. Test results for concrete compressive strength show that the concrete’s best mechanical performance occurred when there was the least difference between ambient temperature and concrete temperature, that is, during the later hours of the day in hot weather conditions.

Study of Photovoltaic Systems’ Performances with Different Module Types

2016 ◽  
Vol 856 ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahari Zarkov ◽  
Ludmil Stoyanov ◽  
Hristiyan Kanchev ◽  
Valentin Milenov ◽  
Vladimir Lazarov
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Research Platform ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Different Types

The purpose of the work is to study and compare the performance of photovoltaic (PV) generators built with different types of panels and operating in real weather conditions. The paper reports the results from an experimental and theoretical study of systems with PV modules manufactured according to different technologies and using different materials. The experiment was carried out at a research platform for PV systems developed by the authors, built and located at an experimental site near the Technical University of Sofia. Based on the obtained results, comparisons are made between the different PV generators for the same operating conditions. The comparison between the theoretical and the experimental results demonstrates a good level of overlap.

Performance of Bi-Facial PV Modules in Urban Settlements in Tropical Regions

2013 ◽  
Vol 853 ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
Carlo Pisigan ◽  
Fan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Rear Side ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Irradiation Energy ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Urban Settlements

This paper studies the performance of bifacial Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin-layer (HIT) PV modules through a one-year experiment in Singapore. Two 1.2kWp (front side)/0.84kWp (rear side) PV systems were installed vertically, facing the N-S and E-W directions respectively. The operational data of two systems were monitored and collected to analyze their performance under different weather conditions. This paper will presentthe change of irradiation, energy yield and the AC energy output of the bifacial PV systems. The results help to understand the impacts of system installation on the energy yield of vertically-installedbifacial HIT PV systems, to find out its advantages in applications over monofacial PV modules and to explore the potential of bifacial PV modules in tropical regions, especially in urban areas like Singapore.

A Dynamic Electrical Scheme for the Optimal Reconfiguration of PV Modules under Non-Homogeneous Solar Irradiation

2012 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 768-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Candela ◽  
Eleonora Riva Sanseverino ◽  
Pietro Romano ◽  
Marzia Cardinale ◽  
Domenico Musso
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Output Power ◽  
System Simulation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Optimal Reconfiguration ◽  
Pv Generator

This paper presents a strategy for the maximization of the output power of photovoltaic (PV) systems under non homogeneous solar irradiation by means of automatic reconfiguration of the PV arrays layout. The innovation of the proposed approach is the employment of a simple Dynamic Electrical Scheme (DES), allowing a large number of possible modules interconnection, to be installed between the PV generator and the inverter. The models of the PV generator and of the DES have been realized and simulated with Simulink (Dynamic System Simulation for MATLAB). The attained experimental results appear to be quite interesting in terms of the attainable benefit in power and thus energy terms. The limited calculation times of the reconfiguration algorithm allows the application of the DES for the real time adaptation of the configuration to the changing weather conditions or other causes of non-uniform solar irradiation. Moreover, the results confirm that, in case of non uniform solar irradiation, this approach allows to attain considerably much better results than those attainable with a static configuration.

Kentsel Yoksulluk, Göç ve Yoksulluğun Mekânsal Yoğunlaşması-Ayrışması

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-204
Author(s):  
Mustafa Kemal Şan ◽  
Meryem Küçük
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Study Finding ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Spatial Concentration ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The Social

1980 itibariyle dünyada benimsenen küresel ve neo–liberal politikalar, toplumların sosyal, kültürel ve siyasal yapısında büyük ölçekte değişimlerin yaşanmasına sebep olmuştur. Değişim ve dönüşümün etkileri en fazla kent mekânında görülmüştür. Çalışma bu temel tezden yola çıkarak; kentsel mekânın toplumsal yapının anlaşılmasında merkezi bir öneme sahip olduğunu iddia ederek, kentsel mekânın ayrışma sürecinin önemli değişkenlerinden olan ‘yoksulluk’, ‘göç’ ve ‘evsizlik’ olgusunu ele almaktadır. Ayrıca, çalışma göç’ ün kentlerde meydana getirmiş olduğu hızlı değişim ve dönüşümü, göç eden kesimin kentle ayrışma sürecini ve günümüz toplumlarının aşina olduğu evsizlik olgusunun göç ile olan ilişkisini analiz etmeyi hedeflemektedir. Dahası, çalışmanın amaçları çerçevesinde 24.02.2014-29.02.2014 tarihleri arasında İBB Darülaceze müdürlüğü tarafından yürütülen evsizlerin kış aylarında soğuk hava koşullarından korunması amacıyla açılan Zeytinburnu Spor Kompleksi Barınma Evi’nde 80 (Bunların 68’ı erkek, 12’si kadındır.)  evsiz ile gerçekleştirilen nitel araştırmanın analizi yer almaktadır. Çalışmanın yaklaşım biçimi ise fenemolojik-yorumsama olup, veri analizlerinde betimsel ve sistematik analiz yaklaşımı ile birlikte yorumlama tekniği kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kısaca; “göç ve evsizlik”, “kentsel yoksulluk” ve  “mekânsal farklılaşma-yoğunlaşma” temaları etrafında çerçevelendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulgularında yaygın olarak; göç ve hızlı kentleşmeyle birlikte işgücü piyasasındaki imkânların büyük ölçüde sınırlanmış olması ve konut yapısındaki köklü değişimler evsizlik olgusunun görünürlüğünü arttırdığı ikinci olarak, değişen koşullara bağlı olarak evsizlerin yoksulluğunun daimi hale getirdiği ve son olarak, evsizlerin kent içi ayrışmanın önemli aktörlerinden olduğu tespit edilmiştir.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHUrban Poverty, Migration and Spatial Concentration- Segregation of PovertyGlobal and neo-liberal policies adopted in the world as of 1980 have led to massive changes in the social, cultural and political structure of societies. The effects of change and transformation are mostly seen in urban areas. As the study mentions this basic thesis and the thesis asserts that urban areas have major role on understanding of the social structure, it deals ‘migration’, ‘poverty’, and ‘homelessness’ which are one of the most important factors of the urban disintegration. Otherwise, the study aims to analyze rapid change and transformation in urban areas because of migration, disintegration process of people who migrate and homelessness, which is so usual for today’s people. Furthermore, for aims of the study were interviewed 80 homeless who stayed in Zeytinburnu Sport Complex in the housing complex for the protection of the homeless from cold weather conditions in the winter months by İBB Darülaceze Directorate between 24.02.2014-29.02.2014. These are 68 men and 12 women. The method of the study is quantitative; its approach is phenomenological-interpretivist. Quantitative research ‘s results were used as descriptive and systematic analysis with interpretation technique. Shortly, the study mentions ‘migration and homelessness’, ‘urban poverty and spatial concentration –segregation’. The study finding majorly shows that limitation of the labor income with migration and rapid urbanization and because of changes in residential building structure, homelessness changed as visible. Based on changing conditions, poverty of the homeless become permanent and the study confirmed migration and rapid urbanization are one of the major factors in the urban-segregation.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Ground-Mounted vs. Rooftop Photovoltaic Systems Optimized for Interrow Distance between Parallel Arrays

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3639
Author(s):  
Ahmed Bilal Awan ◽  
Mohammed Alghassab ◽  
Muhammad Zubair ◽  
Abdul Rauf Bhatti ◽  
Muhammad Uzair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Utilization Factor ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Mutual Shading ◽  
Land Cost

The aim of this research is to perform an in-depth performance comparison of ground-mounted and rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems. The PV modules are tilted to receive maximum solar irradiance. The efficiency of the PV system decreases due to the mutual shading impact of parallel tilted PV modules. The mutual shading decreases with the increasing interrow distance of parallel PV modules, but a distance that is too large causes an increase in land cost in the case of ground-mounted configuration and a decrease in roof surface shading in the case of rooftop configuration, because larger sections of roof are exposed to sun radiation. Therefore, an optimized interrow distance for the two PV configurations is determined with the aim being to minimize the levelized cost of energy (LCoE) and maximize the energy yield. The model of the building is simulated in EnergyPlus software to determine the cooling load requirement and roof surface temperatures under different shading scenarios. The layout of the rooftop PV system is designed in Helioscope software. A detailed comparison of the two systems is carried out based on energy output, performance ratio, capacity utilization factor (CUF), energy yield, and LCoE. Compared to ground-mounted configuration, the rooftop PV configuration results in a 2.9% increase in CUF, and up to a 23.7% decrease in LCoE. The results of this research show that installing a PV system on a roof has many distinct advantages over ground-mounted PV systems such as the shading of the roof, which leads to the curtailment of the cooling energy requirements of the buildings in hot regions and land cost savings, especially for urban environments.

Comparative Analysis of Crystalline and Double-Junction Amorphous Silicon Modules Performance in Outdoor Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Cornaro ◽  
Davide Musella
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Outdoor Exposure ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Double Junction ◽  
And Performance

The paper deals with an extensive photovoltaic (PV) modules monitoring activity carried out at the outdoor station ESTER (Solar Energy TEst and Research) of the University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy. The purpose of the work was to evaluate and compare the performance of PV silicon modules of polycrystalline (poli-Si) and amorphous (a-Si) technologies during a medium-term outdoor exposure at optimized tilt angle, facing south. Two PV modules, one polycrystalline silicon and one double-junction amorphous silicon, have been exposed since May 2009 until Oct. 2010. A complete characterization of the weather conditions at the site during the test has been performed, and the most relevant parameters for the performance comparison of the two technologies have been derived. In order to compare different technologies and power productions, the energy yield (Y) and performance ratio (PR) for the two modules have been evaluated on a monthly and yearly basis. The typical seasonal trend of PR has been observed for the polycrystalline module, essentially due to the temperature influence on the module performance. For the a-Si module, instead, a degradation trend has been observed for the first months of operation. Subsequently, a significant recovery in the PR and energy production has been registered.

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