scholarly journals Frequency and Voltage Supports by Battery-Fed Smart Inverters in Mixed-Inertia Microgrids

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen S. Pilehvar ◽  
Behrooz Mirafzal
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Droop Control ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Islanded Microgrid ◽  
Frequency Fluctuations

This paper presents a piecewise linear-elliptic (PLE) droop control scheme to improve the dynamic behavior of islanded microgrids. Islanded microgrids are typically vulnerable to voltage and frequency fluctuations, particularly if a combination of high- and low-inertia power generation units are used in a microgrid. The intermittent nature of renewable energy sources can cause sudden power mismatches, and thus, voltage and frequency fluctuations. The proposed PLE droop control scheme can be employed in a battery energy storage system (BESS) to effectively mitigate voltage and frequency fluctuations in an islanded microgrid. Though the PLE shape can be implemented for any droop control scheme, it has been applied for active power-frequency (P-f) and reactive power-voltage (Q-v) droops in this paper. In addition, the dynamic response of a battery-fed smart inverter equipped with the proposed PLE droops has been compared with the results obtained from a linear droop control scheme in an islanded microgrid containing high- and low-inertia power-generation units. In this paper, the results of several case studies are presented to confirm the capability of the PLE droop control in mitigating voltage and frequency fluctuations in islanded microgrids.

Adaptive SRF-PLL Based Voltage and Frequency Control of Hybrid Standalone WECS with PMSG-BESS

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjana Jain ◽  
R. Saravanakumar ◽  
S. Shankar ◽  
V. Vanitha
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Source Converter ◽  
Control Scheme

Abstract The variable-speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) based Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) attracts the maximum power from wind, but voltage-regulation and frequency-control of the system in standalone operation is a challenging task A modern-control-based-tracking of power from wind for its best utilization is proposed in this paper for standalone PMSG based hybrid-WECS comprising Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). An Adaptive Synchronous Reference Frame Phase-Locked-Loop (SRF-PLL) based control scheme for load side bi-directional voltage source converter (VSC) is presented for the system. MATLAB/Simulink model is developed for simulation study for the proposed system and the effectiveness of the controller for bi-directional-converter is discussed under different operating conditions: like variable wind-velocity, sudden load variation, and load unbalancing. Converter control scheme enhances the power smoothening, supply-load power-matching. Also it is able to regulate the active & reactive power from PMSG-BESS hybrid system with control of fluctuations in voltage & frequency with respect to varying operating conditions. Proposed controller successfully offers reactive-power-compensation, harmonics-reduction, and power-balancing. The proposed scheme is based on proportional & integral (PI) controller. Also system is experimentally validated in the laboratory-environment and results are presented here.

scholarly journals Battery Sizing for Different Loads and RES Production Scenarios through Unsupervised Clustering Methods

Forecasting ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-681
Author(s):  
Alfredo Nespoli ◽  
Andrea Matteri ◽  
Silvia Pretto ◽  
Luca De De Ciechi ◽  
Emanuele Ogliari
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Hybrid Plant ◽  
Unsupervised Clustering ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Feasible Solutions ◽  
Battery Energy

The increasing penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) in the energy mix is determining an energy scenario characterized by decentralized power production. Between RESs power generation technologies, solar PhotoVoltaic (PV) systems constitute a very promising option, but their production is not programmable due to the intermittent nature of solar energy. The coupling between a PV facility and a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) allows to achieve a greater flexibility in power generation. However, the design phase of a PV+BESS hybrid plant is challenging due to the large number of possible configurations. The present paper proposes a preliminary procedure aimed at predicting a family of batteries which is suitable to be coupled with a given PV plant configuration. The proposed procedure is applied to new hypothetical plants built to fulfill the energy requirements of a commercial and an industrial load. The energy produced by the PV system is estimated on the basis of a performance analysis carried out on similar real plants. The battery operations are established through two decision-tree-like structures regulating charge and discharge respectively. Finally, an unsupervised clustering is applied to all the possible PV+BESS configurations in order to identify the family of feasible solutions.

Control of a Stand-Alone Wind Energy Conversion Systemvia a Third-Harmonic Injection Indirect Matrix Converter

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan-Yun Li ◽  
◽  
Qun-Tai Shen ◽  
Zhen-Tao Liu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Matrix Converter ◽  
Third Harmonic ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Harmonic Injection

A stand-alone doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind power generation system using a third-harmonic injection indirect matrix converter (THIIMC) is proposed. The THIIMC has the same performance of a back-to-back pulse width modulation converter, but does not require the bulky direct current (dc)-link capacitor. Because of both its compact construction and high reliability, it is very suitable for embedding into DFIG-based wind generators. It also overcomes the drawbacks of indirect matrix converters and improves the reactive power output capability. The THIIMC consists of a rectifier-side converter, an inverter-side converter (ISC), and an active third-harmonic current injection circuit. A direct stator voltage vector control scheme for the ISC provides the desired stator voltage to the loads. The control scheme is designed to compensate the reactive power of the loads based on the THIIMC working principle. Maximum power point tracking control is performed by a battery energy storage system, which is placed in the dc-link of the THIIMC to smooth out the power fluctuations caused by load or wind speed variations. Simulation results demonstrate the performance and feasibility of the proposed topology and control scheme.

scholarly journals Study on a New Operational Mode of Economic Operation of Islanded Microgrids Using Electric Springs

2018 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Zhiyu Zhao ◽  
Keyou Wang ◽  
Guojie Li ◽  
Xiuchen Jiang ◽  
Yin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Load Demand ◽  
Economic Operation

With the increasing penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources (RESs) into microgrids, the original operation mode of power generation determined by load demand faces severe challenges due to the uncertainties of the RESs power output. The electric springs(ESs), as an emerging technology has been verified to be effective in enabling load demand to follow power generation and stabilizing fluctuation of RESs output. This paper presents a new mode of economic operation for island microgrids including non-critical loads with embedded electric springs. Its connotation includes that i) the capacity of energy storage can be reduced through the interaction of the energy storage system (ESS) and the electric springs, ii) the electric springs reduce the stress of peak load regulation and operational cost and iii) the demand of microgrids system for ramping ability of generation units is reduced with the buffer of the electric springs. Numerical results show that the coordinated operation between electric springs and energy storage system of microgrids can bring down the investment cost for the ESS and short-term operational cost in the aspect of economic dispatch, reducing requirements for the capacity and ramp ability of the energy storage system in microgrids. Energy buffering can be achieved with lower cost and the load demand can follow power generation in the new operational mode of islanded microgrids using electric springs.

scholarly journals V-f Controlled Autonomous Wind Energy Conversion System Using Z2 Transformer Connected DSTATCOM

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1492-1497
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Source Converter ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Voltage Frequency ◽  
Battery Energy

Distributed generation and renewable energy sources are hot research topics from past 10 years or so due to various reasons. The sudden load variation leads to change in voltage and frequency, and if nonlinearity presents, the T.H.D. variations will be more. Power quality controlled devices like DSTATCOM with battery energy storage system (B.E.S.S.) that controlled by pulse width modulation (P.W.M.) based voltage source converter (V.S.C.) in the distribution system would control the voltage, frequency and THD, indirectly power control. This paper presents an autonomous W.E.C.S. with zig-zag (Z2) transformer connected V.S.C. controlled DSTATCOM with BESS and its control scheme. It also shows the various MATLAB simulated results. It also contemplates the various performance parameters from previous methodology. It strategically concludes that the proposed system is effective in controlling voltage and frequency (V-f) and T.H.D. in voltage and current

A Case Study of Augmenting Solar Power Generation With Thermal Energy Storage

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abutayeh ◽  
Anas Alazzam ◽  
Bashar El-Khasawneh
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage System

A previously developed control scheme for thermal energy storage systems was coded and integrated into a previously developed annual performance model of Shams I to evaluate the consequences of incorporating a 2 GWhth capacity thermal energy storage system into the operation of the 100 MWe concentrated solar power plant. The existing solar field of Shams I was doubled in size to accommodate the proposed thermal energy storage system augmentation resulting in 157 GWhth of extra heat sent directly to the power block as well as 564 GWhth of residual heat sent to the thermal energy storage system for later use. Gross power generation was increased from 337 to 671 GWhe. The overall outcome of integrating the proposed thermal energy storage system into Shams I and applying its developed control scheme is increased and more streamlined supply of electricity in addition to reduced idle time. Despite integrating a 2 GWhth capacity thermal energy storage system into the operation of Shams I, model results showed that a non-stop 24-hour operation running at full load was difficult to achieve. In order to attain a non-stop operation, the size of the thermal energy storage must be increased or night time generation should be decreased.

Study on Droop Control Strategy with Application to Flywheel Energy Storage System

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 2903-2907
Author(s):  
You Ran Lv ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Jia Yi Xiang ◽  
Feng Yang ◽  
Xiao Qiang Du
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Droop Control ◽  
Flywheel Energy Storage ◽  
Generator System ◽  
Flywheel Energy Storage System

The flywheel energy storage technology is a kind of method that converts electrical energy into kinetic energy in store. The flywheel energy storage system (FESS) is usually used for renewable energy system such as wind turbine generator system (WTGS) to adjust the quality of output power. Droop control is a kind of control technology to regulate the active power and reactive power in micro-grid. In this paper, we introduced a method to combine the droop control with FESS and designed the control topology. The droop control method was applied to control the part of inverter in FESS. By controlling the output frequency and the voltage amplitude of WTGS-FESS system, we can regulate the output of the inverter as a promotion in smoother active power and reactive power.

scholarly journals Droop Control Strategy of Utility-Scale Photovoltaic Systems Using Adaptive Dead Band

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8032
Author(s):  
Woosung Kim ◽  
Sungyoon Song ◽  
Gilsoo Jang
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Voltage Control ◽  
Voltage Sensitivity ◽  
Droop Control ◽  
Dead Band ◽  
Transmission Grid ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Utility Scale

This paper proposes a novel droop control strategy for addressing the voltage problem against disturbance in a transmission system connected with a utility-scale photovoltaic. Typically, a voltage control at the renewable energy sources (RESs) connected to the transmission grid uses a reactive power–voltage control scheme with a fixed dead band. However, this may cause some problems; thus, this paper proposes a method for setting a dead band value that varies with time. Here, a method for calculating an appropriate dead band that satisfies the voltage maintenance standard for two disturbances is described using voltage sensitivity analysis and the equation of existing droop control. Simulation studies are conducted using the PSS® E program to analyze the short term voltage stability and display the results for various dead bands. The proposed modeling and operational strategy are validated in simulation using a modified IEEE 39 bus system. The results provide useful information, indicating that the control scheme through an adaptive dead band enables more stable system operation than that through a fixed dead band.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document