scholarly journals Sustainable Renewable Energy by Means of Using Residual Forest Biomass

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esperanza Mateos ◽  
Leyre Ormaetxea
Keyword(s):  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Residual Biomass ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
Sustainable Renewable Energy ◽  
Proximate Analyses

The substitution of energy based on fossil fuel by bioenergy could be an effective solution to reduce external energy dependency, thereby promoting sustainable development. This article details a study of the use of biomass residues produced in the forestry sector as a consequence of field operations of the two predominant forest species (Pinus radiata D. Don and Ecualyptus globulus Labill) of Biscay (Spain). The potential of forest residues is estimated to be 66,600 dry Mg year − 1 . These residues would provide 1307 TJ year − 1 . Energy parameters, ultimate and proximate analyses, and the level of emissions of the forest residues are performed in order to estimate their characteristics as fuel. The research done has shown very similar values in terms of the net calorific value of the residues of P. radiata (19.45 MJ kg − 1 ) and E. globulus (19.48 MJ kg − 1 ). The determined emission factors indicate a reduction in gas emissions: CO (23–25%), CO 2 (22–25%), SO 2 (87–91%) and dust (11–38%) and an increase of 11–37% in NO x compared to hard coal. Estimation of the emission factors of the residual biomass allows the environmental impacts, that are potentially produced by biofuel, to be estimated.

Assessment of the Availability of Forest Biomass for Biofuels Production in Southwestern Portugal

2017 ◽  
Vol 371 ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Malico ◽  
A.C. Gonçalves ◽  
A. Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Management Unit ◽  
Maritime Pine ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Residual Biomass

In 2014, Portugal was the seventh largest pellets producer in the World. Since the shortage of raw material is one of the major obstacles that the Portuguese pellets market faces, the need for a good assessment of biomass availability for energy purposes at both country and regional levels is reinforced. This work uses a Geographical Information System environment and remote sensing data to assess the availability and sustainability of forest biomass residues in a management unit with around 940 ha of maritime pine forest. The period considered goes from 2004 to 2015. The study area is located in Southwestern Portugal, close to a pellets factory; therefore the potential contribution of the residual biomass generated in the management unit to the production of pellets is evaluated. An allometric function is used for the estimation of maritime pine above ground biomass. With this estimate, and considering several forest operations, the residual biomass available was assessed, according to stand composition and structure. This study shows that, when maritime pine forests are managed to produce wood, the amount of residues available for energy production is small (an average of 0.37 t ha-1 year-1 were generated in the study area between 2004 and 2015). As a contribution to the sustainability of the Portuguese pellets industries, new management models for maritime pine forests may be developed. The effect of the pinewood nematode on the availability of residual biomass can be clearly seen in this study. In the management unit considered, cuts were made to prevent dissemination of the disease. This contributes to a higher availability of forest residues in a specific period of time, but, in the medium term, they lead to a decrease in the amount of residues that can be used for energy purposes.

scholarly journals Forest residues as a renewable source of energy: Elemental composition and physical properties

BioResources ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-20
Author(s):  
Tomasz Nurek ◽  
Arkadiusz Gendek ◽  
Kamil Roman
Keyword(s):  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Specific Density ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Energy Wood ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Forest residues are a potentially important source of renewable energy. They are generated as a byproduct of timber harvesting around the world. To optimize the utilization of such biomass, one must know its physical and chemical properties. This paper presents an analysis of comminuted forest residues from Pinus sylvestris L. They were classified into four size fractions for which three density parameters were established pursuant to relevant standards. The mean bulk density of the fractions amounted to 110 to 190 kg/m3, apparent density 725 to 908 kg/m3, and specific density 1111 to 1350 kg/m3. The findings were compared to the results of previous research on other forms of forest biomass. The measured apparent-to-specific density conversion coefficient was β = 0.64. The elementary composition of forest residues measured in this work differed from that of other biomass types described in literature. In terms of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and ash content, statistical analysis showed that the two compared types of biomass (forest residues and energy wood chips) formed two separate homogeneous groups, while both of these materials constituted one homogeneous group in the case of hydrogen content. The calorific value of the forest residues was 15.78 ± 0.39 MJ/kg.

MADEIRA, ENERGIA E GERAÇÃO DE TERMOELETRICIDADE

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Ananias Francisco Dias Júnior ◽  
Artur Queiroz Lana ◽  
Francisco Fernandes Bernardes ◽  
José Otávio Brito
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Economic Order ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
Wood Energy

Este documento apresenta uma análise da situação da viabilidade do uso da madeira para a geração de energia elétrica. Trata-se de uma abordagem de elementos técnicos e econômicos, acerca do tema, com o intuito de embasar justificativas para o uso da madeira para tal finalidade. Dessa forma, são descritos aspectos da madeira para geração de energia, sua importância e vantagens dentre as fontes renováveis, bem como os custos envolvidos na geração em relação aos demais combustíveis. Contém ainda, levantamentos dos envolvidos no uso da biomassa para geração de termoeletricidade e por fim, faz-se uma menção acerca das perspectivas do setor florestal sobre as concessões de novas licenças para a instalação de novas usinas termoelétricas no país. Foi constatada a existência de um crescente interesse pela inserção da biomassa florestal no contexto da geração de termoeletricidade no Brasil, sendo os incentivos de ordem ambiental e econômico, os principais responsáveis por tal situação.  Há uma forte perspectiva da ocorrência no avanço do setor florestal, sobretudo, no que diz respeito à intensificação do uso de resíduos florestais já disponíveis, bem como no estabelecimento de florestas especificamente destinadas à geração de termoeletricidade. Para os cenários futuros, certamente, irão pesar as decisões de ordem governamental, quando relacionado às políticas de ordem tarifárias ligadas à geração e distribuição de energia elétrica no país.PALAVRAS CHAVE: energia de biomassa; energia elétrica; termoeletricidade. WOOD, ENERGY AND THERMOELECTRICITY GENERATIONABSTRACT: This paper presents an analysis of the viability to generate electricity from wood biomass. It is an approach of technical and economic elements on this subject, in order to justify the use of wood for this purpose. Thus, aspects of wood for energy generation, its importance and advantages, and the costs compared to other fuels are described. This study also contains surveys about the use of wood biomass to generate thermoelectricity and finally, mention the prospects of the forest sector on new license grants for power plants installation in Brazil. There is a growing interest in the inclusion of forest biomass in the context of thermoelectricity generation and the incentives of environmental and economic order are the main responsible for this situation. There is a strong perspective of the event in advance of the forestry sector, especially regarding  the use of forest residues already available and the establishment of forests aiming specifically thermoelectricity generating. For future scenarios, the insertion of wood biomass in the thermoelectricity scene will depend on the governmental policies on generation and distribution of electricity in BrazilKEYWORDS: biomass energy; electricity; thermoelectricity.

Physico-chemical Characterization of Forest and Agricultural Residues for Energy Conversion Processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Hong Nam ◽  
Le Gia Thanh Truc ◽  
Khuong Duy Anh ◽  
Laurent Van De Steene
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Biomass Resources ◽  
Thermochemical Processes ◽  
The Difference

Agricultural and forest residues are potential sources of renewable energy in various countries. However, the difference in characteristics of biomass resources presents challenges for energy conversion processes which often require feedstocks that are physically and chemically consistent. This study presented a complete and comprehensive database of characteristics of a wide range of agricultural and forest residues. Moisture, bulk density, calorific value, proximate and elemental compositions, as well as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin compositions of a wide range of biomass residues were analyzed. The major impacts of the variability in biomass compositions to biochemical and thermochemical processes were also discussed.

scholarly journals NEW PARAMETERS FOR THE FOREST BIOMASS WASTE ECOFIREWOOD MANUFACTURING PROCESS OPTIMIZATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 560-571
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina RUOSO ◽  
Lisiane Corrêa BITENCOURT ◽  
Lucas Urach SUDATI ◽  
Marcos Antônio KLUNK ◽  
Nattan Roberto CAETANO
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Biomass Waste

Biomass has a large share in the energy generation matrix, due to the regional economic benefits. This work has as main objective to evaluate the parameters used in the manufacture of briquettes produced with forest residues and the economic engineering for the manufacturer. The forest residues were: wood chips and chips of Eucalyptus spp. and barks of Pinus taeda. The evaluations were the chemical characterization of forest residues and the costs involved in the briquetting process. The forest residues presented extractive chemical composition and lignin. The production costs of the briquettes were affected mainly by the equipment, being the Pinus taeda barks the one that presented higher production cost. However, the production costs obtained in this study are approximately 20% lower than the production costs using traditional methods for forest firewood. The energy value from biomass allows the reduction of the dependence of energy, which can be used for the generation of steam or electricity, for subsistence. A fact for energy conversion is to evaluate the material moisture. It is suitable to burn residues with moisture between 45 to 55%. The consumed electric energy is important to evaluate the total costs. The energy required depends on the quality of raw material and the system employed. Forest residues is an important source for eco firewood production, contributing to energy generation and decreasing of the solid waste stored at the company. In this way, the new parameters for briquetting biomass forest wastes shown in this work, which is an important stage of the process, make economically viable and environmentally suitable the eco firewood production.

scholarly journals The Impacts of the Energy Potential of Forest Biomass on the Local Market: An Example of South-Eastern Poland

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4985
Author(s):  
Tomasz Dudek
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Heat Consumption ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
South Eastern

Forest biomass is and will remain a primary source of renewable energy in many EU countries in the coming years. The aim of this study was to determine the energy potential of forest biomass on a regional scale with regard to the needs of its inhabitants in terms of electricity and heat consumption. The study was carried out in south-eastern Poland. Energy potential was calculated based on the determined wood mass and calorific value of wood. The current level of forest biomass acquisition satisfies 4.2% of the needs of the local market in terms of electricity and heat consumption. Taking into account high forest cover of the region (40%), the 60% annual increment of total harvesting, and obtaining biomass at the level of 30% of the total harvesting, waste wood from the forest can meet 58.1% of the needs of the local market in terms of electricity consumption and 14.4% of the need for thermal energy consumption. There is a certain niche in the fuel wood market that is currently unused, presenting the opportunity to develop this sector and generate additional jobs in local markets. However, the increase in obtained forest biomass must be in accordance with the principles of sustainable development.

scholarly journals Non-wood Forest Products Based on Extractives- A New Opportunity for Canadian Forest Industry Part 2- Softwood Forest Species

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Royer ◽  
Robert Houde ◽  
Tatjana Stevanovic
Keyword(s):  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Existing Data

<p>Forest resources are among the most important of Canada (in the case of Quebec, nearly 90% of the territory). Innovation represents an essential challenge for the Canadian forest industry, which is presently undergoing major changes towards finding new solutions for recovery. The processing of forest biomass has become increasingly relevant along with the popular concept of biorefineries. This concept should include the development of novel technologies based on forest extractives. Bioactive molecules are readily available through eco-friendly extraction processes using various types of forest residues including barks which are generated in significant quantities by the industry. This literature review offers a glimpse into the softwood boreal forest with a particular focus on industrial species. We are adopting an ethno-pharmacological approach prior to presenting existing data on bioactive molecules from various sources, along with results from our own laboratory. In conclusion, this paper clearly demonstrates the need for further research on bioactive molecules from Canadian forest species since there remains an important lack of reliable data.</p>

What potential customers are telling us: Organizational buyer attitudes towards forest biomass

2011 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
John Nadeau ◽  
Kate Griese
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
Level Of Importance ◽  
Potential Customers ◽  
Key Words Biomass

This paper reports on a study of organizational buyer attitudes towards forest biomass energy for use in heating systems.This topic warrants discussion as global energy needs grow and the Canadian forestry sector experiences economic challenges.In particular, heating systems are an appropriate introductory application for solid forest biomass because it representsan efficient and sustainable fuel use. The attitudes of organizational buyers are assessed and compared against theperceived level of importance for attitudinal items and the views held toward fossil fuels. The results demonstrate that forestbiomass is viewed favourably on environmental aspects and on some other attitudinal items of high importance. Managerialsuggestions are forwarded to guide the burgeoning sector in its attempt to build awareness and strengthen its perceivedimage among organizational buyers. Key words: biomass, biomass fuel, attitudes of organizational buyers, biomass as an alternative heat and energy source

scholarly journals High-Energy Solid Fuel Obtained from Carbonized Rice Starch

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4096
Author(s):  
Beata Kurc ◽  
Piotr Lijewski ◽  
Łukasz Rymaniak ◽  
Paweł Fuć ◽  
Marita Pigłowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Fuel ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Combustion Heat ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Very High

The paper describes the investigations of the physicochemical properties of biocoal, a solid fuel obtained following the carbonization of rice starch. The production of biocoal (carbonization) was completed at the temperature of 600 °C in the nitrogen atmosphere. As a result of the carbonization, amorphous carbon with high monodispersity was obtained, devoided of oxygen elements and was a very well developed BET specific surface—360 m2 g−1. The investigations of the technical parameters have confirmed a very high concentration of energy. The calorific value of 53.21 MJ kg−1 and the combustion heat of 54.92 MJ kg−1 are significantly higher than those of starch before carbonization (18.72 MJ kg−1 and 19.43 MJ kg−1, respectively) and these values for typical biomass fuels. These values are also greater than those of hard coal. Other advantageous features of the obtained fuel are low ash (0.84%) and moisture content. These features predispose this fuel for the application as an alternative to conventional fuels.

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