scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Microalgae from Diverse Pakistani Habitats: Exploring Third-Generation Biofuel Potential

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Maqsood Alam ◽  
Abdul Samad Mumtaz ◽  
Megan Russell ◽  
Melanie Grogger ◽  
Don Veverka ◽  
...  

Production of microalgae as feedstock for biofuels must deal with a number of challenges including constraints imposed by local conditions. One solution is to use indigenous strains adapted to local climatic conditions. The present report describes the isolation, identification, and characterization of 32 microalgal strains from different ecological habitats: desert freshwater channels, northern region, and saline regions of Pakistan. The effects of temperature on algal growth rates, biomass productivity, and lipid content were determined through growth at 12, 20, and 35 °C for 15 days under 2% CO2 Responses to temperature varied among species with 20 °C being the optimum temperature in general, although, exceptionally, the best overall growth rate was found for strain S29 (0.311 d−1) at 12 °C. In some cases high biomass productivity was observed at 35 °C, and, depending upon the strain, the maximum lipid content was obtained at different temperatures, including 12 °C. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis showed that the major fatty acids present were palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic. Oleic acid (C18:1) was the predominant fatty acid, with the specific FAME profile varying with strain. Thus, there is a rich diversity of microalgal strains native to Pakistan, some of which, characterized here, could be suitable for biodiesel production or other biotechnological applications.

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indu Ambat ◽  
Sabina Bec ◽  
Elina Peltomaa ◽  
Varsha Srivastava ◽  
Anne Ojala ◽  
...  

AbstractThe combination of wastewater treatment and biodiesel production using algal cultivation was studied in the present work. The two main goals of the work were achieved by the cultivation of freshwater microalgae such as Chlamydomonas sp., Scenedesmus ecornis, and Scenedesmus communis in two different dilutions of fertilizer plant wastewater (FWWD1 and FWWD2) collected from Yara Suomi Oy, Finland. The growth pattern of different algal species in FWWD1 and FWWD2 was observed. The effect of pH on biomass concentration, lipid content, biomass productivity, and lipid productivity by all three algal species in FWWD1 and FWWD2 were monitored. The maximum biomass concentration and productivity were observed in FWWD1 at pH7.5 for Chlamydomonas sp. and at pH 8.5 for S. ecornis and S. communis. The maximum lipid content was detected in Chlamydomonas sp at pH5.5, followed by S. ecornis and then S. communis at pH 7.5 in FWWD2 obtained after co-solvent extraction method. The most significant removal percentage of COD by all algal species were observed in FWWD1, whereas the highest removal percentage of TN and TP were detected in FWWD2, respectively. The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) characterization of each algal species in FWWD1 and FWWD2 at their optimum pH was investigated to determine the quality of obtained biodiesel.


Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaojian Ma ◽  
Lingmei Dai ◽  
Dehua Liu ◽  
Wei Du

Acidic oil, which is easily obtained and with lower cost, is a potential raw material for biodiesel production. Apart from containing large quantity of FFAs (free fatty acids), acidic oil usually contains some amount of inorganic acid, glycerides and some other complex components, leading to complicated effect on lipase’s catalytic performance. Exploring the efficient process of converting acidic oil for biodiesel production is of great significance to promote the use of acidic oil. A two-step conversion process for acidic soybean oil was proposed in this paper, where sulfuric acid-mediated hydrolysis was adopted first, then the hydrolyzed free fatty acid, collected from the upper oil layer was further subject to the second-step esterification catalyzed by immobilized lipase Novozym435. Through this novel process, the negative effect caused by harmful impurities and by-product glycerol on lipase was eliminated. A fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield of 95% could be obtained with the acid value decreased to 4 mgKOH/g from 188 mgKOH/g. There was no obvious loss in lipase’s activity and a FAME yield of 90% could be maintained with the lipase being repeatedly used for 10 batches. This process was found to have a good applicability to different acidic oils, indicating it has great prospect for converting low quality oil sources for biodiesel preparation.


2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simrat Kaur ◽  
Manas Sarkar ◽  
Ravi B. Srivastava ◽  
Hemanta K. Gogoi ◽  
Mohan C. Kalita

Bioengineered ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 408-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferruh Asci ◽  
Busra Aydin ◽  
Gulderen Uysal Akkus ◽  
Arzu Unal ◽  
Sevim Feyza Erdogmus ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 328-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manisha Tale ◽  
Sukhendu Ghosh ◽  
Balasaheb Kapadnis ◽  
Sharad Kale

1981 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. MATTICK ◽  
Zendra E. ZEHNER ◽  
Michael A. CALABRO ◽  
Salih J. WAKIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-149
Author(s):  
I.Y. Nsa ◽  
G.B. Adeloye ◽  
A.A. Odunsi ◽  
B.T. Akinyemi ◽  
J.T. Tubonemi ◽  
...  

Fungal strains isolated from fermented maize (ogi) (PW) and sorghum-based brewery wastewaters (BW) and two soil isolates were evaluated for oleaginicity. The fungal isolates from the wastewater that had lipid content of at least 20% of their biomass were identified by both culture methods and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1-5.8S-ITS2 ribosomal DNA sequencing. The isolates were identified to be Aspergillus fumigatus (PW8), Aspergillus flavus (PW10), Candida tropicalis (PW16) and Aspergillus tubingensis (PW3), Trichosporon luoberi (BW7), Aspergillus sp. (BW4) and Candida tropicalis (BW1; BW3). FAMEs composition was determined for the four strains with the highest lipid content by acid-catalyzed transesterification and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Palmitoleic acid was the dominant fatty acid in M. circinelloides and T. reesei, and the best producers of capric and lauric acids were Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus sp. (BW4), respectively. These fatty acids are beneficial in making cosmetics and pharmaceuticals (antimicrobials and dietary supplements). The analysis of the FAMEs profile in the species indicated low amounts or absence of some key long chain fatty acid (LCFA) constituents of biodiesels. Based on the FAMEs profile of M. circinelloides investigated, this strain could hold promise for use as feedstock for biodiesel with genetic engineering and a tailored lipid production favouring enrichment of LCFA. Keywords: Fungal lipids, wastewater, fatty acid methyl ester, GC-FID


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