scholarly journals A synergic approach for nutrient recovery and biodiesel production by the cultivation of microalga species in the fertilizer plant wastewater

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indu Ambat ◽  
Sabina Bec ◽  
Elina Peltomaa ◽  
Varsha Srivastava ◽  
Anne Ojala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Freshwater Microalgae ◽  
Fertilizer Plant ◽  
Solvent Extraction Method

AbstractThe combination of wastewater treatment and biodiesel production using algal cultivation was studied in the present work. The two main goals of the work were achieved by the cultivation of freshwater microalgae such as Chlamydomonas sp., Scenedesmus ecornis, and Scenedesmus communis in two different dilutions of fertilizer plant wastewater (FWWD1 and FWWD2) collected from Yara Suomi Oy, Finland. The growth pattern of different algal species in FWWD1 and FWWD2 was observed. The effect of pH on biomass concentration, lipid content, biomass productivity, and lipid productivity by all three algal species in FWWD1 and FWWD2 were monitored. The maximum biomass concentration and productivity were observed in FWWD1 at pH7.5 for Chlamydomonas sp. and at pH 8.5 for S. ecornis and S. communis. The maximum lipid content was detected in Chlamydomonas sp at pH5.5, followed by S. ecornis and then S. communis at pH 7.5 in FWWD2 obtained after co-solvent extraction method. The most significant removal percentage of COD by all algal species were observed in FWWD1, whereas the highest removal percentage of TN and TP were detected in FWWD2, respectively. The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) characterization of each algal species in FWWD1 and FWWD2 at their optimum pH was investigated to determine the quality of obtained biodiesel.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Microalgae from Diverse Pakistani Habitats: Exploring Third-Generation Biofuel Potential

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Maqsood Alam ◽  
Abdul Samad Mumtaz ◽  
Megan Russell ◽  
Melanie Grogger ◽  
Don Veverka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Rich Diversity

Production of microalgae as feedstock for biofuels must deal with a number of challenges including constraints imposed by local conditions. One solution is to use indigenous strains adapted to local climatic conditions. The present report describes the isolation, identification, and characterization of 32 microalgal strains from different ecological habitats: desert freshwater channels, northern region, and saline regions of Pakistan. The effects of temperature on algal growth rates, biomass productivity, and lipid content were determined through growth at 12, 20, and 35 °C for 15 days under 2% CO2 Responses to temperature varied among species with 20 °C being the optimum temperature in general, although, exceptionally, the best overall growth rate was found for strain S29 (0.311 d−1) at 12 °C. In some cases high biomass productivity was observed at 35 °C, and, depending upon the strain, the maximum lipid content was obtained at different temperatures, including 12 °C. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis showed that the major fatty acids present were palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic. Oleic acid (C18:1) was the predominant fatty acid, with the specific FAME profile varying with strain. Thus, there is a rich diversity of microalgal strains native to Pakistan, some of which, characterized here, could be suitable for biodiesel production or other biotechnological applications.

Fatty acid profiling and molecular characterization of some freshwater microalgae from India with potential for biodiesel production

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simrat Kaur ◽  
Manas Sarkar ◽  
Ravi B. Srivastava ◽  
Hemanta K. Gogoi ◽  
Mohan C. Kalita
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Freshwater Microalgae ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiling

scholarly journals Characterization of Eggshell: A Heterogeneous Catalyst in Transesterification of Sand Apple (Parinari polyandra) Seed Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1179-1185
Author(s):  
O.O. Oniya ◽  
A. Saleh ◽  
F.B. Akande ◽  
D.T. Adeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Solvent Extraction Method ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Apple Fruits

The objective of this study was to characterize a low cost heterogeneous catalyst from the transesterification of sand apple (Parinari polyandra B.) biodiesel. Sand apple fruits were processed and oil was extracted using solvent extraction method. Raw eggshells were calcined at 800°C for 120 min in the muffle furnace. Surface properties of the raw and calcined eggshell were characterized using Fourier Transformed Infrared Radiation (FTIR) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Transesterification of the Sand Apple Oil (SASO) with ethanol in the presence of the calcined catalyst to produce ethyl ester and glycerol were optimized using Central Composite Design at different temperatures and time. Reactants for the transesterification process were the raw SASO and anhydrous ethanol. The study shows that raw eggshell was more stable with hydrogen bond form at 2,724 cm-1an while oil yield of 53.13 % was obtained from sand apple kernels. Ethyl ester yield of 90% was obtained from SASO. The results of transesterification shows the maximum biodiesel yield of 90% was obtained at reaction temperature of 65°C and time of 120 min, while the minimum yield of 70% was obtained at temperature of 55°C and time of 60 min; indicating that biodiesel increase with increase in time. Similarly, yield of ethyl ester of SASO also increased when the reaction temperature increased. The percentages of biodiesel yield obtained from SASO transesterification in this study showed that sand apple is promising oil for biodiesel production as compared with other vegetable oil crop obtained in previous studies

Combined yeast and microalgal cultivation in a pilot-scale raceway pond for urban wastewater treatment and potential biodiesel production

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1062-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Iasimone ◽  
G. Zuccaro ◽  
V. D'Oriano ◽  
G. Franci ◽  
M. Galdiero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Arachidic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Yeast Growth ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Raceway Pond

Abstract A mixed culture of oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi and wastewater native microalgae (mostly Scenedesmus sp. and Chlorella sp.) was performed to enhance lipid and biomass production from urban wastewaters. A 400 L raceway pond, operating outdoors, was designed and used for biomass cultivation. Microalgae and yeast were inoculated into the cultivation pond with a 2:1 inoculum ratio. Their concentrations were monitored for 14 continuous days of batch cultivation. Microalgal growth presented a 3-day initial lag-phase, while yeast growth occurred in the first few days. Yeast activity during the microalgal lag-phase enhanced microalgal biomass productivity, corresponding to 31.4 mgTSS m−2 d−1. Yeast growth was limited by low concentrations in wastewater of easily assimilated organic substrates. Organic carbon was absorbed in the first 3 days with a 3.7 mgC L−1 d−1 removal rate. Complete nutrient removal occurred during microalgal linear growth with 2.9 mgN L−1 d−1 and 0.96 mgP L−1 d−1 removal rates. Microalgal photosynthetic activity induced high pH and dissolved oxygen values resulted in natural bactericidal and antifungal activity. A 15% lipid/dry weight was measured at the end of the cultivation time. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis indicated that the lipids were mainly composed of arachidic acid.

Mixotrophic Cultivation of Scenedesmus sp. as Biodiesel Feedstock

2013 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 268-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Han Wang ◽  
Hai Zhen Yang ◽  
Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Lipid Productivity ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Mixotrophic Cultivation ◽  
Heterotrophic Culture ◽  
Glucose Addition ◽  
Biodiesel Feedstock ◽  
Microalgal Biodiesel

Microalgae are a promising feedstock for biodiesel production. Microalgal biodiesel can be obtained under three major cultivation modes, namely, photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic cultivation. Reported studies of microalgal biodiesel production are mainly based on photoautotrophic cultivation, mixotrophic cultivation has rarely been researched. This paper compared the biomass productivity, lipid content, and lipid productivity of Scenedesmus sp. under photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic cultivation. Glucose was added as organic carbon source at five concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0% glucose w/v). Results displayed that microalgal growth was significantly improved in glucose supplied cultures. Synergetic effect of photoautotrophy and heterotrophy existed in all mixotrophic cultures. Highest biomass productivity of 1.307 g·L-1·d-1 and highest lipid productivity of 316 mg·L-1·d-1 was respectively observed under mixotrophic cultivation with 5.0% and 1.0% (w/v) glucose addition. Lipid content of Scenedesmus sp. under mixotrophic cultivation was mostly higher in stationary phase than in exponential phase. Highest lipid content of 27.73% was observed in 1.0% mixotrophic culture, followed by 24.66% in 1.0% heterotrophic culture.

Co-cultivation of two freshwater microalgae species to improve biomass productivity and biodiesel production

2019 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 640-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naim Rashid ◽  
Ae Jin Ryu ◽  
Ki Jun Jeong ◽  
Bongsoo Lee ◽  
Yong-Keun Chang
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Freshwater Microalgae

scholarly journals Characterization and identification of freshwater microalgal strains toward biofuel production

BioResources ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 686-695
Author(s):  
Xun Yang ◽  
Pinghuai Liu ◽  
Zongdi Hao ◽  
Jie Shi ◽  
Sen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Lipid Productivity ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
High Lipid

Fifty-three algal cultures were isolated from freshwater lakes in Hainan, China. Four microalgal isolates were selected because they could be successfully cultivated at high density and demostrated a strong fluorescence after being stained with nile red. These cultures were identified as strains of Chlorella sp. C11, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii C22, Monoraphidium dybowskii C29, and Chlorella sp. HK12 through microscopic and 18S rDNA analysis. Under similar conditions, the lipid productivity of Chlorella sp. C11, Chla. reinhardtii C22, M. dybowskii C29 , and Chlorella sp. HK12 were 1.88, 2.79, 2.00, and 3.25 g L-1, respectively. Chla. reinhardtii C22 yielded a higher lipid content (51%), with a lower biomass concentration (5.47 g dwt L-1). Chlorella sp. HK12 reached a growth rate of 0.88 day-1 at OD540nm and yielded a biomass concentration of 7.56 g dwt L-1, with a high lipid content of 43%. Gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry analysis indicated that lipid fraction mainly comprises hydrocarbons including palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acids. Our results suggest that Chlorella sp. HK12 is a promising species for biodiesel production, because of its high lipid productivity and a relatively high content of oleic acid.

Potential of Mixotrophic Cultivation of Chlorella sorokiniana for Biodiesel Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 1509-1513
Author(s):  
Jing Han Wang ◽  
Hai Zhen Yang ◽  
Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Chlorella Sorokiniana ◽  
Lipid Productivity ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Mixotrophic Cultivation ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Microalgal Biodiesel

Biodiesel from microalgae provides a promising alternative for biofuel production. Microalgal biodiesel can be produced under three major cultivation modes, namely, photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic cultivation. Studies of biodiesel production from microalgae have been reported mostly focusing on photoautotrophic cultivation, mixotrophic cultivation has rarely been researched. This paper compared the biomass productivity, lipid content, and lipid productivity ofChlorella sorokinianaunder photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic cultivation. Glucose was adopted as organic carbon source at five concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0% glucose w/v). Results displayed that microalgal growth was significantly improved in glucose supplied cultures. Synergetic effect of photoautotrophy and heterotrophy existed in mixotrophic cultivation except for 5.0% culture. Highest biomass productivity of 1.178 g·L-1·d-1and highest lipid productivity of 582 mg·L-1·d-1was observed under mixotrophic cultivation with 2.0% (w/v) glucose addition. Lipid content ofC. sorokinianawas mostly higher in stationary phase than in exponential phase. Highest lipid content of 49.37% was observed in 2.0% mixotrophic culture, followed by 47.09% in 2.0% heterotrophic culture.

Maximizing Biomass and Lipid Production in Heterotrophic Culture of Chlorella vulgaris: Techno-Economic Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad H. Morowvat ◽  
Younes Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Shake Flask ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Heterotrophic Culture ◽  
Heterotrophic Cultivation ◽  
Dry Cell Weight ◽  
Autotrophic Culture

Background: Nowadays, chlorophycean microalgae have attained a broad-spectrum attention as a potential candidate for biomass and bioenergy production. Despite their appreciated benefits, one of major problems is their low biomass and lipid productivity. Here we investigated the heterotrophic culture in shake flasks and stirred tank bioreactor to improve the lipid and biomass production in a naturally isolated strain of Chlorella vulgaris. Methods: A naturally isolated C. vulgaris strain was cultivated in BG-11 medium in shake flask and bioreactor. Its biochemical composition and growth kinetic parameters were investigated. Results: The biomass productivity was improved (3.68 fold) under heterotrophic culture compared to basal autotrophic culture condition in shake flask experiment. The total lipid content increased to 44% of total Dry Cell Weight (DCW) during heterotrophic growth after 21 days. Moreover, a great Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) yield was observed under heterotrophic cultivation. Total biomass and lipid content of microalgae in bioreactor experiment increased to 4.95 and 2.18 g L-1 respectively, during 5 days of the experiment compared to its basic autotrophic culture. Conclusion: The techno-economic aspects of exploiting C. vulgaris as a biodiesel feedstock werealso evaluated. The results imply that heterotrophic cultivation could compensate the low biomass productivity in microalgae for green energy production. Ever growing rates of established patents on application of various genetic and bioengineering-based methods have made it possible to achieve higher lipid contents with reduced total costs for microalgal biodiesel production as well.

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