scholarly journals Experimental Study of the Influence of Natural Gas Constituents on CO Emission from Chinese Gas Cooker

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3997
Author(s):  
Pengfei Duan ◽  
Chaokui Qin ◽  
Zhiguang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Component Mixture ◽  
Natural Gases ◽  
Security And Reliability ◽  
Wobbe Index ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Co Emission

In China, it has become a more common practice to introduce natural gases from different sources into the same distribution system to improve supply security and reliability. Variable gas constituents may cause a negative impact on the performance of domestic gas appliances. This paper aims to study the CO emission of a Chinese gas cooker under different constituents of natural gas. A typical Chinese gas cooker with two burners, each of which has a nominal heat input of 3.8 kW, was selected. One of the burners was modified to a forced-mixed mode to replace primary air injection. Within operational ranges corresponding to the permissible Wobbe index—namely, primary air coefficients and heat inputs—the equivalence between original gas and the CH4/C3H8/N2 three-component mixture in terms of CO emission was experimentally validated. Then, different three-component mixtures were input into the other unmodified burner, which operates under injected primary air, to investigate how the CO emission changed with different gas constituents. It was found that the CO emission of a natural gas and a CH4/C3H8/N2 three-component mixture, in terms of CO emission, were equivalent. The combination of the two indexes, W and PN, can describe the CO emission from a gas cooker accurately. By means of a three-component mixture, the empirical formula, which can correlate CO and the gas property parameters, was proposed. A set of equal-CO lines was revealed for a given initial primary air adjustment. Finally, a feasible approach to manage gas quality management in China was put forward, and the conclusion can help control the CO emission of gas cookers and improve indoor air quality.

Experiment Study on Interchangeability of Multi-Source Natural Gas for Domestic Appliance

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 1901-1904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Guang Chen ◽  
Chao Kui Qin ◽  
Yang Jun Zhang ◽  
Chun Yan Tian
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Experiment Study ◽  
Natural Gases ◽  
Wobbe Index ◽  
Domestic Appliance ◽  
Domestic Appliances ◽  
Co Emission

With the growing importation of liquefied natural gas (LNG), the interchangeabilities issues of pipeline natural gas (PNG) and LNG are becoming increasingly serious in China. In this paper, some sampled domestic appliances were selected to experimentally investigate the interchangeability of multi-source natural gases including PNG and LNG in Guangdong province. Performances including heat Load, thermal efficiency, CO emission and NOx emission were examined. Through the testing result it can conclude that the heat load of domestic appliances changes consistently with Wobbe Index of gases; well-adjusted domestic appliances can interchange within the different source gases and without materially increasing in CO and NOx emissions, but the efficiency of gas appliance will be largely affected.

Analysis of Chinese Natural Gas Interchangeability Predicted by Weaver Indices

2013 ◽  
Vol 724-725 ◽  
pp. 1017-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Guang Chen ◽  
Chao Kui Qin ◽  
Yang Jun Zhan ◽  
Ju Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Incomplete Combustion ◽  
Natural Gases ◽  
Combustion Performance ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
Different Sources

Many cities in China are being supplied with natural gases from different sources including PNGs (Pipeline Natural Gas) and LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas), critical attention should be paid to natural gas interchangeability problems. In this paper, the applicability of Weaver Indices for Chinese natural gas interchangeability prediction has been discussed. Experiment with 17 sets of domestic gas appliances and 11 natural gases about 187 test conditions has been done to analyze the interchangeability. It can conclude from experiment results that some sources of natural gas cannot be interchangeable, and Weaver Indices isnt totally suitable to predict lifting and incomplete combustion performance for Chinese natural gas interchangeability. It suggests the limits of Incomplete Combustion JI should be changed into JI0.04 and Lifting JL to JL0.95.

scholarly journals PLOTTING A DIAGRAM OF NATURAL GAS INTERCHANGEABILITY FOR THE ENERGY MARKET OF GEORGIA

World Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri Namgaladze ◽  
Tornike Kiziria ◽  
Lena Shatakishvili ◽  
Tamaz Ghvanidze
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Natural Gases ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
Wobbe Index ◽  
The Cost ◽  
First Time

The increase in the cost of energy and the appearance of gases of various qualities led to the fact that calculations in the gas industry began to be made by measuring thermal energy.  To this day, in Georgia, the calculation of the amount of natural gas when paying for the used gas is in cubic meters.  As for the study of processes and parameters in the Georgian gas sector, it turned out that these processes are clearly stochastic.  Therefore, the purpose of the work is to develop criteria for the interchangeability of natural gas, in particular, a diagram of the interaction between the Wobbe index in total proportions of propane and nitrogen equivalent for the Georgian gas market, based on stochastic processes.  Thus, for the first time, an original methodology for plotting the Wobbe Index (calorific value) of interchangeable natural gases supplied to Georgia was developed.

Experimental and Reactor Network Study of Nitrogen Dilution Effects on NOX Formation for Natural Gas and Syngas at Elevated Pressures

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan R. Sigfrid ◽  
Ronald Whiddon ◽  
Robert Collin ◽  
Jens Klingmann
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Central Body ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Wobbe Index

Gas turbines emissions, NOX in particular, have negative impact on the environment. To limit the emissions gas turbine burners are constantly improved. In this work, a fourth generation SIT (Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery) burner is studied to gain information about the formation of NOX emissions. The gas mixtures for the full burner are limited to natural gas with different nitrogen dilutions. The dilutions vary from undiluted to Wobbe index 40 and 30 MJ/m3. In addition to the full burner, the central body (the RPL – Rich/Pilot/Lean) is investigated. Methane is used to characterize standard gas turbine operation, and a non-standard fuel is explored using a generic syngas (67.5 % Hydrogen, 22.5 % Carbon monoxide and 10 % Methane). Both these gases are also investigated after dilution with nitrogen to a Wobbe index of 15 MJ/m3. The experiments are performed in a high-pressure facility. The pressures for the central body burner are 3, 6 and 9 bar. For the full burner the pressures are 3, 4.5 and 6 bar. The combustion air is preheated to 650 K. The emission measurements are sampled with an emission probe at the end of the combustor liner, and analyzed in an emission rack. The results are compared with previous investigations made at atmospheric conditions. The burner is modeled using a PSR and plug flow network to show which reaction paths are important in the formation of emissions for the burner under the experimental conditions. The measurement results show that the NOX concentration increases with pressure and flame temperature. With increasing dilution the NOX concentration is decreased. For rich mixtures PSR calculations show that the NOX concentration decreases with pressure.

A study of leakage from the UK natural gas distribution system

Energy Policy ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 809-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Mitchell ◽  
Jim Sweet ◽  
Tim Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Association between Human Health and Indoor Air Pollution in Saudi Arabia: Indoor Environmental Quality Survey

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Mohd Saleem ◽  
Mohd Adnan Kausar ◽  
Fahmida Khatoon ◽  
Sadaf Anwar ◽  
Syed Monowar Alam Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality

In many aspects of life quality, bio-contaminants and indoor air quality have had catastrophic consequences, including a negative impact on human health with an increased prevalence of allergic respiratory reactions, asthma, and infectious diseases. We aimed to evaluate the quality of indoor air environment and find out the association between human health and indoor air pollution and also to assess the physical health status of a group of Saudi and non-Saudi populations during this pandemic. Also, we aimed to assess the most common health condition or symptoms associated with ventilation. A questionnaire was distributed online to test indoor air quality, ventilation status, common signs and symptoms of any allergy or mental status and their relationship to certain variables. A total of 362 respondents were included. Before living in the current home, flu or Influenza and chapped lips were more prevalent than allergies and chapped lips signs while living in the current home. (12.2% , 10.8% vs. 18.5% , 13.55% before and after respectively) Multiple colds were the second most common symptom (10.2%). Hoarse voice and headaches were the least common symptoms experienced; each constituted 4.4%. During the COVID-19 Pandemic, most respondents wore a facemask, approximately 76.5%; and almost one-third of respondents had bright natural light inside the current home (43.1%). The presence of natural light within the current home was significantly associated with symptoms experienced during living in the current house (p<0.05). Natural sunlight exposure could decrease allergic symptoms and minor health problems associated with poor ventilation and air quality indoors. In current living homes, the majority of respondents never used air purifiers (72.9 percent). In order to get attention from people to enhance the quality and ventilation mechanism of indoor air, special care and awareness of the effects of the use of air purifiers on human health is needed.

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