scholarly journals Case Study of Thermal Diagnostics of Single-Family House in Temperate Climate

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 4549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Specjał ◽  
Aleksandra Lipczyńska ◽  
Maria Hurnik ◽  
Małgorzata Król ◽  
Agnieszka Palmowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Family House

Reduction of the primary energy consumption is a crucial challenge for the building sector due to economic and environmental issues. Substantial savings could be achieved within the household. In this paper, we investigate the energy performance of a single-family house located in the temperate climate. The assessment is based on the comprehensive thermal diagnostic of the building performed on-site and via computational analyses. The on-site measurements included diagnostics of the building envelope, heat source, heating and domestic hot water system, ventilation system, and indoor environmental quality. Analyses confirmed that the studied building, which was built in 2008, meets the legislation requirements for the primary energy usage at that time and nowadays. However, results show discrepancies between energy performance obtained through on-site measurements and computational methods following regulations. Partially, discrepancies are a result of differences on normative values and how the building is operated in practice. It is also showed how important the role in the assessment of energy consumption through measurements is played by the measurement period.

scholarly journals Energy Performance Optimization in a Condensing Boiler

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Diego Fernández-Cheliz ◽  
Eloy Velasco-Gómez ◽  
Juan Peral-Andrés ◽  
Ana Tejero-González
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Lower Heating Value

In Europe, primary energy consumption in buildings accounts for up to 25–40%, depending on the climate conditions. Space heating and Domestic Hot Water (DHW) contribute significantly to this energy consumption. Among the most common sources for heat generation in these appliances is natural gas. Condensing boilers can surpass the 100% energy performance over the lower heating value, if the operating conditions enable the water vapor in the exhaust gases to condensate. Consequently, optimizing the operating parameters of condensing boilers is necessary to decrease fuel consumption without hindering water heating needs. The present work presents an experimental approach to the operating parameters of a condensing boiler that works with natural gas. The aim is to develop a theoretical model that relates the energy performance to the water temperature set by the final user and the excess air set by the maintenance staff.

scholarly journals Energy performance of single family houses in Serbia: Analysis of calculation procedures

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (Suppl. 5) ◽  
pp. 1695-1705
Author(s):  
Dimitrije Manic ◽  
Mirko Komatina ◽  
Biljana Vucicevic ◽  
Marina Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Steady State Method

Energy certification of buildings in Serbia was introduced in 2011 and energy label depends on energy need for heating per unit floor area of heated space, calculated by the fully prescribed monthly quasi-steady-state method defined by ISO 13790. In the Republic of Serbia, most of families live in single-family houses built before the energy certification of buildings was introduced. Therefore, the estimation of energy performance of the existing buildings is important for labeling, and evaluation of energy saving measures and energy strategies to be implemented. This paper examines the applicability of monthly method defined by National legislation on the existing buildings stock in Serbia, by comparing it to the more accurate dynamic simulation method. Typical single-family houses are taken as a test case, since they are responsible for about 76% of energy consumption for heating. The results show that the dynamic simulation method estimates 21% to 54% higher energy need for heating, compared to the monthly method. Also, the monthly method estimates up to 13% higher savings by typical building envelope energy saving measures, compared to the dynamic simulation. This paper recommends improvement in procedures for calculation of building energy performance index to better assess energy consumption, effects of energy saving measures, and create solid background for developing and implementing of energy saving strategies.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF ENERGY DEMAND FOR LOW-ENERGY MULTI-DWELLING BUILDINGS OF DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION / SKIRTINGOS KONFIGŪRACIJOS MAŽAENERGIŲ DAUGIABUČIŲ PASTATŲ ENERGIJOS POREIKIŲ TYRIMAS

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giedrė Streckienė ◽  
Elena Polonis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Energy Performance Of Buildings ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Family House

To meet the goals established by Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the energy performance of buildings, the topics of energy efficiency in new and old buildings must be solved. Research and development of new energy solutions and technology are necessary for increasing energy performance of buildings. Three low-energy multi-dwelling buildings have been modelled and analyzed in the presented study. All multi-dwelling houses are made of similar single-family house cells. However, multi-dwelling buildings are of different geometry, flat number and height. DesignBuilder software was used for simulating and determining heating, cooling and electricity demand for buildings. Three different materials (silicate, ceramic and clay concrete blocks) as bearing constructions of external walls have been analyzed. To decrease cooling demand for buildings, the possibility of mounting internal or external louvers has been considered. Primary energy savings for multi-dwelling buildings using passive solar measures have been determined. Norint pasiekti Europos Sąjungos direktyvos 2010/31/EB tikslus dėl pastatų energinio naudingumo, reikia spręsti energijos efektyvumo klausimus naujų ir esamų pastatų srityje. Naujų energinių sprendinių ir technologijų tyrimai bei plėtra būtini norint padidinti pastatų energinį naudingumą. Šiame tyrime modeliuojami ir analizuojami trys mažaenergiai daugiabučiai pastatai. Visi jie sudaryti iš vienodo dydžio butų, tačiau pastatai tarpusavyje skiriasi geometrija, butų skaičiumi ir aukštingumu. Siekiant nustatyti ir išnagrinėti pastatų šilumos, vėsos ir elektros energijos poreikius, naudotasi DesignBuilder programa. Visų daugiabučių pastatų atvejais nagrinėjamos trys skirtingos išorės sienų laikančiųjų konstrukcijų medžiagos: silikatiniai, keraminiai ir keramzitbetonio blokeliai. Siekiant sumažinti vėsos poreikį pastatuose taip pat buvo analizuojama galimybė sumontuoti vidines arba išorines žaliuzes. Nustatyti sutaupytieji pirminės energijos kiekiai daugiabučių pastatų atvejams taikant pasyviąsias apsaugos nuo saulės priemones.

Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB) using IoT and Smart Grid

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-342
Author(s):  
P. Deepak ◽  
Z. Anees Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Zero Energy

Current energy policy and climate mitigation goals require distinct reductions of the primary energy demand in the building sector. The existing building stock poses challenge since clear-cut technical and economical retrofit strategies for different types of existing buildings are still not established. The goal of the study is to identify such retrofit strategies to achieve optimal cost levels and to assess costs and benefits of nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB). Firstly building types are defined by covering single-family houses, multi-family houses, office buildings and school buildings. Secondly, a large set of generic energy efficiency measures are described, covering seven strategic fields, namely building envelope measures, heating and hot water supply technologies and fuel choice, ventilation and lighting systems, electricity and district heat mixes. This covers the usage of smart home appliances, eco-friendly building ventilation system. Thirdly, energy performance is calculated based on technical and physical characteristics and using building energy balance software. Fourthly, investment costs and life cycle costs are established based on unitary costs of building elements and building technologies. Cost-effectiveness is determined based on he net present value method which is compared to the annuity method for a couple of cases. The integration of smart grid and IoT(Internet of Things) is a new concept for conserving more.

scholarly journals Parameters that influence the probability on lower-than-expected energy savings - a pre- and post renovation energy consumption analysis of 90,000 renovated houses in the Netherlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 04025
Author(s):  
Paula van den Brom ◽  
Arjen Meijer ◽  
Henk Visscher
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Energy Efficient Buildings ◽  
Actual Energy Consumption

Thermal renovations are considered to be an effective measure to reduce residential energy consumption. However, they often result in lower-than-expected energy savings. In this paper, we investigate some parameters that influence the probability on lower-than-expected energy savings. We do this by comparing actual pre- and post-renovation energy consumption of 90,000 houses in the Netherlands. The results of this study confirm that the effect of the parameters differ per renovation measure. For every renovation measure, the energy performance gap post renovation plays a significant role. This implies that the use of actual energy consumption data to determine the potential energy savings could therefore help to reduce the number of renovations resulting in lower-than-expected energy savings. Also, the energy efficiency state of the building pre-renovation plays an important role. One should take into account that renovations of energy inefficient buildings more frequently result in lower-than-expected energy savings than renovations of relatively energy efficient buildings. For the type of house we found that multifamily houses more often result in lower than expected savings when building installations are improved, while single-family houses renovations more frequently result in lower energy savings than expected when the building envelope insulation is improved. These insights can contribute to the decision making process whether or not to take a certain renovation measures, they can also help to manage expectations on housing stock level and individual building level.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Effects of Strengthening Building Energy Policy on Multifamily Residential Buildings in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3566
Author(s):  
Byung Chang Kwag ◽  
Sanghee Han ◽  
Gil Tae Kim ◽  
Beobjeon Kim ◽  
Jong Yeob Kim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption

The purposes of this study were to overview the building-energy policy and regulations in South Korea to achieve energy-efficient multifamily residential buildings and analyze the effects of strengthening the building design requirements on their energy performances. The building energy demand intensity showed a linear relationship with the area-weighted average U-values of the building envelope. However, improving the thermal properties of the building envelope was limited to reducing the building-energy demand intensity. In this study, the effects of various energy conservation measures (ECMs) on the building-energy performance were compared. Among the various ECMs, improving the boiler efficiency was found to be the most efficient measure for reducing the building-energy consumption in comparison to other ECMs, whereas the building envelope showed the least impact, because the current U-values are low. However, in terms of the primary energy consumption, the most efficient ECM was the lighting power density because of the different energy sources used by various ECMs and the different conversion factors used to calculate the primary energy consumption based on the source type. This study showed a direction for updating the building-energy policy and regulations, as well as the potential of implementing ECMs, to improve the energy performances of Korean multifamily residential buildings.

scholarly journals Energy, Economic, and Environmental Performance of a Single-Family House in Chile Built to Passivhaus Standard

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1199
Author(s):  
Camilo Bravo-Orlandini ◽  
José M. Gómez-Soberón ◽  
Claudia Valderrama-Ulloa ◽  
Francisco Sanhueza-Durán
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Passive Strategies ◽  
Heating Energy Demand

The energy consumption of buildings accounts for 22% of total global energy use and 13% of global greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the energy, economic, and environmental performance of housing in Chile built according to the Passivhaus (PH) standard. The standard was applied to housing in eight representative climate zones with a single-family residence as reference. The analysis incorporated passive strategies, which are considered as pillars of the PH. The energy performance was analyzed using the Passive House Planning Package software (PHPP), version 9.6a. The results showed that when every passive strategy is implemented, the heating energy demand decreases by 93%, while the refrigeration demand is nonexistent. These results were achieved through a 37% increase in the overall initial budget investment, which will be amortized over an 11-year period. In this way, the primary energy consumption is reduced by 32% and, correspondingly, CO2 emissions are reduced by 39%. In modern Chile, it is difficult (but not impossible) to incorporate PH. However, governmental programs and aids could represent an initial step. Therefore, this research will help to identify strategies for incorporating PH in Chile, with the aim of improving the energy performance of housing.

scholarly journals The Significance of the Adaptive Thermal Comfort Practice over the Structure Retrofits to Sustain Indoor Thermal Comfort

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2946
Author(s):  
Aiman Albatayneh ◽  
Mustafa Jaradat ◽  
Mhd Bashar AlKhatib ◽  
Ramez Abdallah ◽  
Adel Juaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Indoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Adaptive Thermal Comfort

Any building’s design should sustain thermal comfort for occupants and promote less energy usage during its lifetime using accurate building retrofits to convert existing buildings into low-energy buildings so that the heating and cooling loads can be minimized. Regarding the methodology adopted in this research, an energy model of an educational building located at the German Jordanian University in Jordan was constructed utilizing DesignBuilder computer software. In addition, it was calibrated utilizing real energy consumption data for a 12-month simulation of energy performance. Subsequently, a computerized evaluation of the roles of building envelope retrofits or the adaptive thermal comfort limits in the reduction of the overall building energy consumption was analyzed. The results of the study show that the current building’s external wall insulation, roof insulation, glazing, windows, and external shading devices are relatively energy-efficient but with high cost, resulting in significant financial losses, even though they achieved noticeable energy savings. For instance, equipping the building’s ventilation system with an economizer culminated in the highest financial profit, contributing to an annual energy savings of 155 MWh. On the other hand, in an occupant-centered approach, applying the adaptive thermal comfort model in wider ranges by adding 1 °C, 2 °C, and 3 °C to the existing operating temperatures would save a significant amount of energy with the least cost (while maintaining indoor thermal comfort), taking over any retrofit option. Using different adaptive thermal comfort scenarios (1 °C, 2 °C, and 3 °C) led to significant savings of around 5%, 12%, and 21%, respectively. However, using different retrofits techniques proved to be costly, with minimum energy savings compared to the adaptive approach.

scholarly journals Determination of the Energy Performance of a Solar Low Energy House with Regard to Aspects of Energy Efficiency and Smartness of the House

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3232
Author(s):  
Dorota Chwieduk ◽  
Michał Chwieduk
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption

The paper shows how difficult it is to prove technically that a building really is both low energy and smart, and that all aspects of energy efficiency have been treated equally. Regulations connected to the determination of the energy performance of residential buildings take into account only space and hot water heating energy consumption and define the indices of maximal primary energy consumption, but not energy needs based on the architecture of the building. A single family house designed and constructed as a low energy solar house in Warsaw’s suburbs is considered. Availability of solar energy and its influence on the architecture of the house is analyzed. A specific solar passive architectural concept with solar southern and cold northern buffer spaces incorporated into the interior of the house is presented. Parameters of the building’s structure, construction materials, as well as operation parameters of equipment and heating systems based on active use of solar energy, ground energy (via a heat pump) and waste heat from a ventilation system are described. Results of calculations give values of final and primary energy consumption index levels of 11.58 kWh/m2 and 25.77 kWh/m2, respectively. However, the official methodology for determination of energy performance does not allow for presenting how energy efficient and smart the building really is.

Methods for Improving Energy Performance of Single-family Buildings in Poland’s Climatic Conditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Jędrzejuk ◽  
Maciej Jaworski ◽  
Michał Chwieduk
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Forced Ventilation ◽  
Climate Conditions

The effect of standard means of thermal upgrading of buildings on energy performance indices is studied in the paper. The following was considered: improving thermal performance of the envelope (walls, roof, floors over unheated cellars or ground-floor slabs, windows, and doors); using exterior blinds during heating and cooling seasons; using heat recovery (recuperation) in a forced ventilation system; reducing the ventilation air flow rate; and improving air-tightness of a building. The calculations were performed for a number of variants. Seven locations in Poland were selected based on outdoor climate conditions. Various standards of thermal performance of the building envelope, internal heat capacities, and ventilation rates were applied. Variations in internal heat gains, depending on the presence of occupants (heat gains from occupants and from lighting) were considered. Due to a dynamic nature of the energy processes that take place in a building, the simplified hourly method 5R1C was used in calculations. It was verified whether single-family buildings constructed in a way that is typically found in Poland, i.e. buildings with very high heat capacity and equipped with a forced ventilation system, can meet more stringent energy performance requirements.

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