Removal of Pollutants from Secondary Waste from an Incineration Plant: The Review of Methods

In order to use secondary waste from an incineration plant, it is necessary to process or treat it. Valorization of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWIBA) is a popular treatment method. Moreover, there are other possibilities, such as alkaline pre-treatment, which can be used for the rest of the secondary waste from incineration plants, especially hazardous fly ash. The purpose of this study is to show the problem of secondary waste in Poland in relation to the rest of Europe. Due to the physicochemical research of secondary waste, the possibilities of the procedure and its management are indicated. By analyzing the literature and the market, the latest possibilities for improving the physicochemical properties of secondary waste are proposed. Searching for new methods for waste management is essential to the environment. This manuscript presents the problem of the increasing amount of waste, as well as possibilities to close the loop, and minimize the negative impact on the environment. Additionally, the article shows that environmental benefits can be achieved by replacing raw material with secondary waste.

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A Review on Cementitious Materials Including Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash (MSWI-BA) as Aggregates

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings11050179 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 179

Author(s):

Jad Bawab ◽

Jamal Khatib ◽

Said Kenai ◽

Mohammed Sonebi

Keyword(s):

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Waste Incineration ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Cementitious Materials ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Incineration ◽

Municipal Solid Wastes

Waste management is a vital environmental issue in the world today. Municipal solid wastes (MSWs) are discarded in huge quantities on a daily basis and need to be well controlled. Incineration is a common method for reducing the volume of these wastes, yet it produces ashes that require further assessment. Municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI-BA) is the bulk byproduct of the incineration process and has the potential to be used in the construction sector. This paper offers a review of the use of MSWI-BA as aggregates in cementitious materials. With the growing demand of aggregates in cementitious materials, MSWI-BA is considered for use as a partial or full alternative. Although the physical and chemical properties of MSWI-BA are different than those of natural aggregates (NA) in terms of water absorption, density, and fineness, they can be treated by various methods to ensure suitable quality for construction purposes. These treatment methods are classified into thermal treatment, solidification and stabilization, and separation processes, where this review focuses on the techniques that reduce deficiencies limiting the use of MSWI-BA as aggregates in different ways. When replacing NA in cementitious materials, MSWI-BA causes a decrease in workability, density, and strength. Moreover, they cause an increase in water absorption, air porosity, and drying shrinkage. In general, the practicality of using MSWI-BA in cementitious materials is mainly influenced by its treatment method and the replacement level, and it is concluded that further research, especially on durability, is required before MSWI-BA can be efficiently used in the production of sustainable cementitious materials.

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Heavy metals decreased by water elution method on bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration plant

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/508/1/012014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 508 ◽

pp. 012014

Author(s):

Peng Lu ◽

Ai-Jia Zhang ◽

Li-Nan Xing ◽

Qi-Quang Cao ◽

Xiao-Hui Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Waste Incineration ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Incineration ◽

Incineration Plant ◽

Elution Method

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Properties of cold-bonded lightweight artificial aggregate containing bottom ash with different curing regime

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20183401038 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 01038

Author(s):

Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim ◽

Khairul Nizar Ismail ◽

Roshazita Che Amat ◽

Mohamad Iqbal Mohamad Ghazali

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Waste Incineration ◽

Ash Content ◽

Raw Material ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Incineration ◽

Different Types ◽

Curing Regime ◽

Aggregate Impact Value

Cold-bonded pelletizing technique is frequently used in aggregate manufacturing process as it can minimise the energy consumption. It has contributed to both economical and environmental advantages because it helps to reduce the gas emissions problems. Bottom ash collected from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plant was selected as raw material in this study and was utilised as a partial replacement for cement for artificial aggregate production. Several percentage of ash replacement was selected ranged from 10 to 50%. Aggregate pellets were subjected to different types of curing condition which is room-water (RW), room-room (RR), oven-room (OR) and oven-water (OW) condition. Properties of aggregate pellets were examined to obtain its density, water absorption, aggregate impact value (AIV) and specific gravity (SG). The results indicated that the most efficient curing regime is by exposing the aggregate in RW condition. The optimum aggregate was selected at 20% where it has satisfied the required density of 739.5kg/m3, and classified as strong aggregate with AIV 14. However, the water absorption of aggregate increased proportionately with the increment of ash content.

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The Comparision of Pre-treatment Methods for Recycling Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash in Seoul

Journal of Korea Society of Waste Management ◽

10.9786/kswm.2015.32.5.462 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 462-475

Author(s):

Hoonsang Lee ◽

Minah Oh ◽

Jai-young Lee

Keyword(s):

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Waste Incineration ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Incineration ◽

Treatment Methods ◽

Pre Treatment

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Properties of Alkali Activated Lightweight Aggregate Generated from Sidoarjo Volcanic Mud (Lusi), Fly Ash, and Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13112528 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 2528

Author(s):

Puput Risdanareni ◽

Yury Villagran ◽

Katrin Schollbach ◽

Jianyun Wang ◽

Nele De Belie

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Lightweight Aggregate ◽

Waste Incineration ◽

Raw Material ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Incineration

Production of artificial lightweight aggregate (LWA) from industrial by-products or abundant volcanic mud is a promising solution to prevent damaging the environment due to the mining of natural aggregate. However, improvements are still needed in order to control the high water absorption of LWA and strength reduction in resulting concrete or mortar. Hence in this research, fly ash, municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI BA), and Sidoarjo volcanic mud (Lusi) were employed as a precursor and activated using NaOH 6 M and Na2SiO3 in producing LWA. The influence of the type of the precursors on the physical properties of resulting LWA was investigated. The effect of replacing natural fine aggregate with the resulting LWA on the compressive strength and volume density of mortar was also determined. Finer particles, a high amount of amorphous phase, and low loss on ignition (LOI) of the raw material improved the properties of resulting LWA. Mortar compressive strength was decreased by 6% when replacing 16% by volume of natural fine aggregate with fly ash based LWA. Compared to the expanded clay LWA, the properties of alternative LWAs in this study were slightly, but not significantly, inferior. Alternative LWA becomes attractive when considering that expanded clay LWA requires more energy during the sintering process.

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Fate of nano titanium dioxide during combustion of engineered nanomaterial-containing waste in a municipal solid waste incineration plant

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x19862603 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (10) ◽

pp. 1033-1042 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jürgen Oischinger ◽

Martin Meiller ◽

Robert Daschner ◽

Andreas Hornung ◽

Ragnar Warnecke

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Flue Gas ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Waste Incineration ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Incineration ◽

Incineration Plant ◽

Gas Cleaning ◽

Engineered Nanomaterial ◽

Nano Titanium Dioxide

The market for products containing engineered nanomaterial (ENM) is constantly expanding. At the end of their lifecycle, a significant fraction of the products will be disposed as ENM-containing waste in thermal treatment plants. Up to now there are still uncertainties on the fate and behaviour of ENM during waste incineration. In our investigations, nano titanium dioxide (nTiO2) was selected as an example for ENM, because of its high amount in consumer products and its relevance to the ENM-containing waste stream. Two test series were conducted at the municipal solid waste incineration plant “Gemeinschaftskraftwerk Schweinfurt”. For each test series, background concentrations of titanium were measured first. Samples of bottom ash, bottom ash extractor water, fly ash (boiler ash, cyclone ash), flue gas cleaning products (spray absorber ash, fabric filter ash) and washing water from the wet scrubber were taken in order to determine the fate of nTiO2. The flue gas was sampled at three points: after boiler, after cyclone and before stack. The experiments showed that most of the used reference material was located in the solid residues (i.e. bottom ash) while a smaller part was detected in the products of the flue gas cleaning. In the purified flue gas before the stack, the concentration was negligible. The flue gas cleaning system at the Gemeinschaftskraftwerk Schweinfurt complies with the requirements of the best available techniques and the results cannot be transferred to plants with lower standards.

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