scholarly journals Assessment of Training Aircraft Crew Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields Caused by Radio Navigation Devices

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Joanna Michałowska ◽  
Jarosław Pytka ◽  
Arkadiusz Tofil ◽  
Piotr Krupski ◽  
Łukasz Puzio
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Stochastic Analysis ◽  
Electric Field Intensity ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Radio Navigation ◽  
Radio Range ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Electric Component ◽  
Very High

The paper depicts research concerning the value of the electric component of the electromagnetic (EM) energy determined by the NHT3DL meter by Microrad with the 01E measuring probe during a number of flights made by Aero AT-3 R100, Cessna C172, and Tecnam P2006T fixed wing aircrafts and a Robinson R44 Raven helicopter. The point of reference for the recorded measurement was the normative limits of the electromagnetic field (EMF), which can influence a pilot in the course of a flight. Selected studies of the maximum value recorded by the meter was E = 10.66 V/m when landing at an airfield equipped with the VHF (Very High Frequency) omnidirectional radio range (VOR) approach system. Particular attention has been paid to changes in electric field intensity during the operation and their effects on the type of radio navigation systems as well as communication with the airfield control tower. The obtained results were validated in the Statistica 13.3 software for the purpose of a detailed stochastic analysis of the tested values. Results obtained are subject to the mandatory requirements of Directive 2013/35/EU as well as to the relevant regulations in Poland.

scholarly journals Reflexionseigenschaften von Windenergieanlagen im Funkfeld von Funknavigations- und Radarsystemen

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sandmann ◽  
S. Divanbeigi ◽  
H. Garbe
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Physical Optics ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Radio Range ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Very High

Abstract. Die hier behandelte Untersuchung befasst sich mit den Störungen des elektrischen Feldes einer Doppler Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Radio Range Navigationsanlage (DVOR) in der Gegenwart von Windenergieanlagen (WEA). Hierfür wird die Feldstärke auf 25 konzentrischen Kreisbahnen, sog. Orbit Flights verschiedener Höhen und mit verschiedenen Radien rund um die DVOR-Anlage numerisch simuliert. Insbesondere werden die Einflüsse diverser Parameter der WEA wie deren Anzahl, Position, Rotorwinkel, Turmhöhe und Rotordurchmesser auf die Feldverteilung herausgestellt, sowie die Anwendbarkeit der Simulationsmethode Physical Optics (PO) durch Vergleich der Simulationsergebnisse mit denen der Multi Level Fast Multipol Method (MLFMM) untersucht.

Überlagerung der Störeinflüsse mehrerer Streuobjekte auf die Zielgröße eines Doppler-Drehfunkfeuers (DVOR)

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Sandmann ◽  
Heyno Garbe
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Sich Eine ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Radio Range ◽  
Very High

ZusammenfassungDer störende Einfluss von Streuobjekten auf die Zielgröße (geometrischer Winkel) von Doppler Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Radio Range (DVOR) Drehfunkfeuern stellt eine komplexe Struktur im Raum dar. Im Fall von mehreren Streuobjekten ergibt sich eine Überlagerung der einzelnen Störbeiträge. Von besonderem Interesse in diesem Zusammenhang ist die resultierende Struktur des Störeinflusses, die von der Art der Überlagerung bestimmt wird. Abhängig von der Korrelation der einzelnen Störbeiträge sind sowohl konstruktive als auch destruktive Überlagerungen möglich. In dieser Arbeit wird gezeigt, dass eine pauschale lineare Addition der einzelnen Störbeiträge den resultierenden Störeinfluss der Streuobjekte deutlich überschätzt und einen Grenzfall beschreibt, der eine vollständige Korrelation der einzelnen Störbeiträge voraussetzt. Des Weiteren wird anhand von Simulationen verschiedener Konstellationen von Windenergieanlagen erläutert, dass eine geometrische Addition den kombinierten Störeinfluss weitaus realistischer abschätzt.

Radionavigation systems of airports and air routes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Олег Скрыпник ◽  
Olyeg Skrypnik
Keyword(s):  
Block Diagram ◽  
General Characteristic ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Radio Navigation ◽  
Equipment Operation ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Satellite Navigation Systems ◽  
Very High

The textbook deals with the General theory of navigation, necessary for the development of the material, revealing the principles of construction and operation of ground facilities and radio navigation systems. The General characteristic of technical means of navigation is given. The classification is given and the generalized block diagrams and the main characteristics of radio navigation systems are considered. Navigation concepts and terms are explained. The lines of positions, coordinate systems used in aviation navigation, coordinate transformations are considered. The technique of construction and analysis of working zones of radio navigation systems is shown. The modern re-quirements of aviation consumers to the accuracy of navigation are given. The main attention is paid to the theoreti-cal aspects and principles of radio navigation systems. The model of the block diagram, the basic mathematical equations characterizing the operation of non directional beacons, automatic direction finders, very high frequency omni-directional radio beacons VOR (DVOR), distance measuring equipment beacons DME, instrumental landing systems ILS, marker beacons are given. As examples of practical implementation the structural schemes are given, the main characteristics of radio navigation systems of the Russian production are considered. The textbook also describes the ba-sic principles and features of the use of satellite navigation systems to solve the problems of landing and multi-lateration systems. The presented text material is accompanied by a sufficient number of illustrations. This book is intended for college students of the aviation and radio technical educational profile specializations connected with aeronautical radio electronical equipment operation. This book can be useful to the specialists of aviation enterprises and flying personnel who operate technical means of aeronautical radio navigation. It can also be useful for aeronautic and aerospace equipment’s operation.

scholarly journals Disturbing impact of multiple wind turbines on the indicated DVOR bearing

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Sandmann ◽  
Heyno Garbe
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Radio Range ◽  
Navigation Service ◽  
Very High

Abstract. Radio navigation aids, like the Doppler Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Radio Range (DVOR), provide their navigation service by specific radiation of electromagnetic waves depending on the direction in space and according to their specific antenna characteristics. Therefore, these navigation aids are reliant on undisturbed wave propagation in their operation range. Certainly, a propagation disturbance can be implicated by the presence of scattering objects like large buildings or wind turbines (WT) in the surrounding area of the DVOR, which potentially leads to deviations of the transmitted navigation content. In order to comply with the specified flight safety limits, especially respecting WTs, there is a necessity to predict the prospective bearing error due to installations not only of individual WTs but also of additional ones in a present wind farm or repowering projects. Accordingly, this paper is aimed at ascertaining the bearing deviations' dependency on the quantity of WTs in a realistic wind farm close to a DVOR, calculated in space areas of practical relevance.

Experimental Investigation of very High Frequency Slot Antenna on M-60A-1 Tank

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Campbell ◽  
William Kennebeck ◽  
A. Zanella ◽  
Paul Sexton
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Slot Antenna ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Very High

A collision feedback based multiple access control protocol for very high frequency data exchange system in E-navigation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Xu Hu ◽  
Bin Lin ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Hongguang Lyu ◽  
Tie-Shan Li
Keyword(s):  
Access Control ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
High Frequency Data ◽  
Frequency Data ◽  
Exchange System ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Time Division ◽  
Very High

Abstract The very high frequency data exchange system (VDES) is promising in promoting electronic navigation (E-navigation) and improving navigation safety. The multiple access control (MAC) protocol is crucial to the transmission performance of VDES. The self-organising time division multiple access (SOTDMA) protocol, as the only access mode given by current recommendations, leads to a high rate of transmission collisions in the traditional automatic identification system (AIS), especially with heavy traffic loads. This paper proposes a novel feedback based time division multiple access (FBTDMA) protocol to address the problems caused by SOTDMA, such that collision of transmissions can be avoided in information transmission among vessels. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed FBTDMA outperforms the traditional SOTDMA in terms of channel utilisation and throughput, and significantly reduces the transmission collision rate. The study is expected to provide insights into VDES standardisation and E-navigation modernisation.

scholarly journals Measurement of Electrical Properties of Superconducting YBCO Thin Films in the VHF Range

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3360
Author(s):  
Yakir Dahan ◽  
Eldad Holdengreber ◽  
Elichai Glassner ◽  
Oz Sorkin ◽  
Shmuel E. Schacham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Quality Factor ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Superconducting Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Very High

A new measurement technique of electrical parameters of superconducting thin films at the Very High Frequency (VHF) range is described, based on resonators with microstrip (MS) structures. The design of an optimal resonator was achieved, based on a thorough theoretical analysis, which is required for derivation of the exact configuration of the MS. A theoretical model is presented, from which an expression for the attenuation of a MS line can be derived. Accordingly, simulations were performed, and an optimal resonator for the VHF range was designed and implemented. Production constraints of YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) limited the diameter of the sapphire substrate to 3″. Therefore, a meander configuration was formed to fit the long λ/4 MS line on the wafer. By measuring the complex input reflection coefficients of a λ/4 resonator, we extracted the quality factor, which is mainly affected by the dielectric and conductor attenuations. The experimental results are well fitted by the theoretical model. The dielectric attenuation was calculated using the quasi-static analysis of the MS line. An identical copper resonator was produced and measured to compare the properties of the YBCO resonator in reference to the copper one. A quality factor of ~6·105 was calculated for the YBCO resonator, three orders of magnitude larger than that of the copper resonator. The attenuation per unit length of the YBCO layer was smaller by more than five orders of magnitude than that of the copper.

Da eine oder mehrere betroffen …

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-100
Author(s):  
Melitta Gillmann
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Formal Language ◽  
Subordinate Clause ◽  
Matrix Clause ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Corpus Study ◽  
Causal Relations ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Very High

AbstractBased on a corpus study conducted using the GerManC corpus (1650–1800), the paper sketches the functional and sociosymbolic development of subordinate clause constructions introduced by the subjunctor da ‘since’ in different text genres. In the second half of the 17th and the first half of the 18th century, the da clauses were characterized by semantic vagueness: Besides temporal, spatial and causal relations, the subjunctor established conditional, concessive, and adversative links between clauses. The corpus study reveals that different genres are crucial to the readings of da clauses. Spatial and temporal usages, for example, occur more often in sermons than in other genres. The conditional reading, in contrast, strongly tends to occur in legal texts, where it displays very high frequency. This could be the reason why da clauses carry indexical meaning in contemporary German and are associated with formal language. Over the course of the 18th century, the causal usages increase in all genres. Surprisingly, these causal da clauses tend to be placed in front of the matrix clause despite the overall tendency of causal clauses to follow the matrix clause.

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