scholarly journals Analysis of the Head of a Simulation Crash Test Dummy with Speed Motion

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1476
Author(s):  
Marek Jaśkiewicz ◽  
Damian Frej ◽  
Jan Matej ◽  
Rafał Chaba
Keyword(s):  
Rigid Bodies ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Crash Test Dummy ◽  
Stiffness And Damping ◽  
Crash Tests

The article presents a model of an anthropometric dummy designed for low velocity crash tests, designed in ADAMS. The model consists of rigid bodies connected with special joints with appropriately selected stiffness and damping. The simulation dummy has the appropriate dimensions, shape, and mass of individual elements to suit a 50 percentile male. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to low speed crash tests. Current dummies such as THOR and Hybrid III are used for crash tests at speeds above 40 km/h. In contrast, the low-speed test dummy currently used is the BioRID-II dummy, which is mainly adapted to the whiplash test at speeds of up to 16km/h. Thus, it can be seen that there is a gap in the use of crash test dummies. There are no low-speed dummies for side and front crash tests, and there are no dummies for rear crash tests between 16 km/h and 25 km/h. Which corresponds to a collision of a passenger vehicle with a hard obstacle at a speed of 30 km/h. Therefore, in collisions with low speeds of 20 km/h, the splash airbag will probably not be activated. The article contains the results of a computer simulation at a speed of 20 km/h vehicle out in the ADAMS program. These results were compared with the experimental results of the laboratory crash test using volunteers and the Hybrid III dummy. The simulation results are the basis for building the physical model dummy. The simulation aims to reflect the greatest possible compliance of the movements of individual parts of the human body during a collision at low speed.

scholarly journals Simulation of a Dummy Crash Test in ADAMS

2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. B20-B28
Author(s):  
Marek Jaśkiewicz ◽  
Damian Frej ◽  
Miloš Poliak
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Simulation Program ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Simulated Model ◽  
Stiffness And Damping ◽  
Crash Tests

The article presents a model designed dummy for crash test in ADAMS. The simulated model dummy has dimensions, shapes and mass corresponding to a 50-percentile man. The simulation program allows modification of the dummy parameters. It allows to study the dynamics of motion, distribution of forces and loads of individual parts of the body of the simulated model. The article describes the design process and how to select the appropriate stiffness and damping joints for the simulated dummy. The article contains the results of simulation crash tests performed in the ADAMS program, which were compared to results of the Hybryd III dummy physical crash test. The simulation is designed to reflect the greatest compliance of the movements of individual parts of the human body during the low speed collision.

Implementation of Child Biomechanical Neck Behaviour into the Hybrid III Crash Test Dummy

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 835-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Tot ◽  
Tanya Kapoor ◽  
William Altenhof ◽  
Wayne Marino ◽  
Andrew Howard
Keyword(s):  
Crash Test ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Crash Test Dummy

Hybrid III-A Biomechanically-Based Crash Test Dummy

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. King Foster ◽  
James O. Kortge ◽  
Michael J. Wolanin
Keyword(s):  
Crash Test ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Crash Test Dummy

Development and Validation of Hybrid III Crash Test Dummy

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Mohan ◽  
Dhafer Marzougui ◽  
Cing-Dao Kan
Keyword(s):  
Crash Test ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Crash Test Dummy ◽  
Development And Validation

scholarly journals Upper Limb Design of an Anthropometric Crash Test Dummy for Low Impact Rates

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2641
Author(s):  
Marek Jaśkiewicz ◽  
Damian Frej ◽  
Dariusz Tarnapowicz ◽  
Milos Poliak
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Variable Stiffness ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Range Of Movement ◽  
Stiffness Characteristic ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Crash Test Dummy ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Moment Of Resistance

The article presents the design of the upper limb joints of an anthropometric dummy intended for rear crash tests for low impact speeds. These joints represent the connection of the hand to the forearm, the forearm to the arm, and the arm to the shoulder. The designed joint is adapted to the construction of a dummy representing the 50th percentile male. The joints currently used on Hybrid III dummies require calibration after each crash test. The construction of the new joint ensures the appropriate strength of individual joint elements and the repeatable value of the joint characteristics without the need for frequent calibrations. The designed joints have the ability to set a variable stiffness characteristic, thanks to which it is possible to use this joint universally in dummies representing populations of other percentile sizes. The range of movement of the joints has been selected to reflect the range of mobility of the upper limb of an adult. The characteristics of the joints were compared with those used in the joints of the Hybrid III 50 percentile male dummy. Moreover, it should be noted that the constructed joints of the upper limb are made by hand; therefore, their comparison with the Hybrid III dummy shows some deviations in the moments of resistance. Making the joints with a 3D printer, taking into account the appropriate material, will ensure greater accuracy and will also result in joining the individual elements of the joint into a whole. The obtained results show slight differences between the moment of resistance in the joints of the constructed anthropometric dummy compared to the hybrid III dummy.

Study of Occupant Safety and Airbag Deployment Time

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Yang ◽  
Kristian Lardner ◽  
Moustafa El-Gindy
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Airbag Deployment ◽  
Deployment Time

This paper presents the use of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software in recreating a full frontal barrier impact test with a 50th percentile male hybrid III dummy to investigate various passenger vehicle airbag deployment times for the development of an airbag trigger sensor. Results for the physical full frontal barrier impact test where prepared by MGA Research Corporation with a 2007 Toyota Yaris. Using a nonlinear transient dynamic FEA software, a virtual full frontal barrier impact test was created to reproduce the physical results and trends experienced in the physical crash test found in a report by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) 5677. The results of the simulation were compared to the results of the physical crash which produced similar trends, but not the same values. The simulation was then used in testing different passenger vehicle airbag deployment times to see its results on specific occupant injury criteria’s; Head Injury Criterion (HIC), Chest Compression Criterion (CC). Four different vehicle speeds where used; 20 km/h, 40 km/h, 56 km/h, and 90 km/h in conjunction with a range of +/− 6 milliseconds in the airbag deployment timing. Results of the airbag deployment timing showed that trends of faster airbag deployment times resulted in lower values for HIC and CC. Following these trends, suggestions for airbag deployment trigger distances were developed to aid in creation of an advanced airbag deployment sensor or crash sensor. While the simulation has yet to be validated, the trends may be assessed and actual values may differ.

Lumbar Load Estimation for a MADYMO FAA Hybrid-III Scalable Dummy

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Y. Tay ◽  
Y. Cai ◽  
H. M. Lankarani
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Federal Aviation Administration ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Dynamic Impact ◽  
Acceleration Pulse ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Reasonable Approach ◽  
Crash Test Dummy ◽  
Load Tolerance ◽  
Lumbar Load

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has a number of regulations aimed at protecting occupants in the event of a crash. The Code of Federal Regulations, 14 CFR 25.562, describes the compliance regulation for transport category aircraft, with similar regulations for other types of aircraft in Parts 23, 27 and 29. One of the required tests is the dynamic impact with a Hybrid-II or a FAA Hybrid-III 50th percentile dummy seated on a 60-degree pitched seat, with an input deceleration/acceleration pulse acting primarily on the mid-sagittal plane of the dummy. In particular, an important compliance criterion is that the lumbar/pelvic load must be below the 1,500 lb (6,672 N) compliance limit. The objective of this study is to develop a reasonable approach to estimate the lumbar load tolerance for potential future expansion of lumbar load regulations for other dummy sizes such as an FAA Hybrid-III 5th and 95th percentile dummy. To accomplish this, the lumbar load measured with the Hybrid-II and the FAA Hybrid-III 50th percentile dummy when subjected to the 19 g rigid seat impact tests and simulations are correlated and discussed. The FAA Hybrid-III 50th percentile dummy is then scaled to the 5th and 95th percentile sizes based on GEBOD database. The dynamic behavior of the scaled FAA dummies in the 19 g sled simulation using an ideal acceleration pulse is then simulated and their corresponding lumbar loads are estimated. The dummy models utilized are obtained from the MADYMO crash test dummy database and the dynamic impact simulations are solved using the non-linear multibody dynamic solver, MADYMO. This study proposes the lumbar load tolerances for the 5th and 95th percentile sizes represented by the scaled FAA dummies by correlating their lumbar loads to the Dynamic Response Index (DRI) values. In this study, the lumbar load tolerance values for the 5th and 95th percentiles are proposed to be 870.4 lb (3,871.7 N) and 1772.9 lb (7,886.3 N), respectively. A comparison of the lumbar load tolerances proposed from this study and other sources is also presented.

scholarly journals Accuracy Improvement of Stator Inductance Identification Method Based on Low-Frequency Current Injection for Three-Level NPC Inverter-Fed IM Drives in Locked-Rotor Standstill Condition

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Yerganat Khojakhan ◽  
Kyoung-Min Choo ◽  
Junsin Yi ◽  
Chung-Yuen Won
Keyword(s):  
Induction Motor ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Current Injection ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Injection Test ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Injection Speed ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Identification Method ◽  
Drive Systems

In this paper, a stator inductance identification process is proposed. The process is based on a three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter-fed induction motor (IM) drive with a standstill condition. Previously, a low-speed alternating current (AC) injection test for stator inductance identification was proposed to overcome practical problems in conventional identification methods for three-level NPC inverter-based IM drives. However, the low-speed AC injection test-based identification method has some problems if a heavy load or mechanical brake is connected, as these can forcibly bring the rotor to a standstill during parameter identification. Since this low-speed testing-based identification assumes the motor torque is considerably lower in low-speed operations, some inaccuracy is inevitable in this kind of standstill condition. In this paper, the proposed current injection speed generator is based on the previously studied low-speed test-based stator inductance identification method, but the proposed approach gives more accurate estimates under the aforementioned standstill conditions. The proposed method regulates the speed for sinusoidal low-frequency AC injection on the basis of the instantaneous reactive and air-gap active power ratio. This proposed stator inductance identification method is more accurate than conventional fixed low-frequency AC signal injection identification method for three-level NPC inverter-fed IM drive systems with a locked-rotor standstill condition. The proposed method’s accuracy and reliability were verified by simulation and experiment using an 18.5 kW induction motor.

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