scholarly journals Upper Limb Design of an Anthropometric Crash Test Dummy for Low Impact Rates

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2641
Author(s):  
Marek Jaśkiewicz ◽  
Damian Frej ◽  
Dariusz Tarnapowicz ◽  
Milos Poliak
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Variable Stiffness ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Range Of Movement ◽  
Stiffness Characteristic ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Crash Test Dummy ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Moment Of Resistance

The article presents the design of the upper limb joints of an anthropometric dummy intended for rear crash tests for low impact speeds. These joints represent the connection of the hand to the forearm, the forearm to the arm, and the arm to the shoulder. The designed joint is adapted to the construction of a dummy representing the 50th percentile male. The joints currently used on Hybrid III dummies require calibration after each crash test. The construction of the new joint ensures the appropriate strength of individual joint elements and the repeatable value of the joint characteristics without the need for frequent calibrations. The designed joints have the ability to set a variable stiffness characteristic, thanks to which it is possible to use this joint universally in dummies representing populations of other percentile sizes. The range of movement of the joints has been selected to reflect the range of mobility of the upper limb of an adult. The characteristics of the joints were compared with those used in the joints of the Hybrid III 50 percentile male dummy. Moreover, it should be noted that the constructed joints of the upper limb are made by hand; therefore, their comparison with the Hybrid III dummy shows some deviations in the moments of resistance. Making the joints with a 3D printer, taking into account the appropriate material, will ensure greater accuracy and will also result in joining the individual elements of the joint into a whole. The obtained results show slight differences between the moment of resistance in the joints of the constructed anthropometric dummy compared to the hybrid III dummy.

Implementation of Child Biomechanical Neck Behaviour into the Hybrid III Crash Test Dummy

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 835-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Tot ◽  
Tanya Kapoor ◽  
William Altenhof ◽  
Wayne Marino ◽  
Andrew Howard
Keyword(s):  
Crash Test ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Crash Test Dummy

Hybrid III-A Biomechanically-Based Crash Test Dummy

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. King Foster ◽  
James O. Kortge ◽  
Michael J. Wolanin
Keyword(s):  
Crash Test ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Crash Test Dummy

Development and Validation of Hybrid III Crash Test Dummy

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Mohan ◽  
Dhafer Marzougui ◽  
Cing-Dao Kan
Keyword(s):  
Crash Test ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Crash Test Dummy ◽  
Development And Validation

Lumbar Load Estimation for a MADYMO FAA Hybrid-III Scalable Dummy

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Y. Tay ◽  
Y. Cai ◽  
H. M. Lankarani
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Federal Aviation Administration ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Dynamic Impact ◽  
Acceleration Pulse ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Reasonable Approach ◽  
Crash Test Dummy ◽  
Load Tolerance ◽  
Lumbar Load

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has a number of regulations aimed at protecting occupants in the event of a crash. The Code of Federal Regulations, 14 CFR 25.562, describes the compliance regulation for transport category aircraft, with similar regulations for other types of aircraft in Parts 23, 27 and 29. One of the required tests is the dynamic impact with a Hybrid-II or a FAA Hybrid-III 50th percentile dummy seated on a 60-degree pitched seat, with an input deceleration/acceleration pulse acting primarily on the mid-sagittal plane of the dummy. In particular, an important compliance criterion is that the lumbar/pelvic load must be below the 1,500 lb (6,672 N) compliance limit. The objective of this study is to develop a reasonable approach to estimate the lumbar load tolerance for potential future expansion of lumbar load regulations for other dummy sizes such as an FAA Hybrid-III 5th and 95th percentile dummy. To accomplish this, the lumbar load measured with the Hybrid-II and the FAA Hybrid-III 50th percentile dummy when subjected to the 19 g rigid seat impact tests and simulations are correlated and discussed. The FAA Hybrid-III 50th percentile dummy is then scaled to the 5th and 95th percentile sizes based on GEBOD database. The dynamic behavior of the scaled FAA dummies in the 19 g sled simulation using an ideal acceleration pulse is then simulated and their corresponding lumbar loads are estimated. The dummy models utilized are obtained from the MADYMO crash test dummy database and the dynamic impact simulations are solved using the non-linear multibody dynamic solver, MADYMO. This study proposes the lumbar load tolerances for the 5th and 95th percentile sizes represented by the scaled FAA dummies by correlating their lumbar loads to the Dynamic Response Index (DRI) values. In this study, the lumbar load tolerance values for the 5th and 95th percentiles are proposed to be 870.4 lb (3,871.7 N) and 1772.9 lb (7,886.3 N), respectively. A comparison of the lumbar load tolerances proposed from this study and other sources is also presented.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Head of a Simulation Crash Test Dummy with Speed Motion

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1476
Author(s):  
Marek Jaśkiewicz ◽  
Damian Frej ◽  
Jan Matej ◽  
Rafał Chaba
Keyword(s):  
Rigid Bodies ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Crash Test Dummy ◽  
Stiffness And Damping ◽  
Crash Tests

The article presents a model of an anthropometric dummy designed for low velocity crash tests, designed in ADAMS. The model consists of rigid bodies connected with special joints with appropriately selected stiffness and damping. The simulation dummy has the appropriate dimensions, shape, and mass of individual elements to suit a 50 percentile male. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to low speed crash tests. Current dummies such as THOR and Hybrid III are used for crash tests at speeds above 40 km/h. In contrast, the low-speed test dummy currently used is the BioRID-II dummy, which is mainly adapted to the whiplash test at speeds of up to 16km/h. Thus, it can be seen that there is a gap in the use of crash test dummies. There are no low-speed dummies for side and front crash tests, and there are no dummies for rear crash tests between 16 km/h and 25 km/h. Which corresponds to a collision of a passenger vehicle with a hard obstacle at a speed of 30 km/h. Therefore, in collisions with low speeds of 20 km/h, the splash airbag will probably not be activated. The article contains the results of a computer simulation at a speed of 20 km/h vehicle out in the ADAMS program. These results were compared with the experimental results of the laboratory crash test using volunteers and the Hybrid III dummy. The simulation results are the basis for building the physical model dummy. The simulation aims to reflect the greatest possible compliance of the movements of individual parts of the human body during a collision at low speed.

Botulinum toxin A injection in the management of shoulder muscle overactivity: A scoping review

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-98
Author(s):  
Ian James Baguley ◽  
Hannah Louise Holman Barden ◽  
Emmanuel Jesulola ◽  
Melissa Therese Nott
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Range Of Movement ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Arbitrary Decision ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe majority of studies examining botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) in the management of upper limb muscle overactivity and pain focus on the distal arm and hand. Research has begun to look at BTX-A efficacy in more proximal upper limb muscles, with literature showing equivocal findings. This scoping review identified 15 studies meeting inclusion criteria whose data were examined against three outcome variables: muscle overactivity, range of movement and pain. Overall, while the majority of injected participants improved on these variables, between-study methodological variability such as research design potentially underpowered studies and arbitrary decision making gave a high likelihood of influencing the interpretation of their results. Future research is warranted, with a robust focus on functional anatomy, a critical appraisal of how BTX-A may help the individual being studied and utilising individualised rather than protocol-driven research paradigms.

Erfahrung ohne Erfahrenden

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78
Author(s):  
Petr Kouba
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
New Beginning ◽  
Individual Structure ◽  
The World ◽  
Il Y A ◽  
Individual Existence ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Intentional Structure

This article examines the limits of Heidegger’s ontological description of emotionality from the period of Sein und Zeit and Die Grundbegriffe der Metaphysik along the lines outlined by Lévinas in his early work De l’existence à l’existant. On the basis of the Lévinassian concept of “il y a”, we attempt to map the sphere of the impersonal existence situated out of the structured context of the world. However the worldless facticity without individuality marks the limits of the phenomenological approach to human existence and its emotionality, it also opens a new view on the beginning and ending of the individual existence. The whole structure of the individual existence in its contingency and finitude appears here in a new light, which applies also to the temporal conditions of existence. Yet, this is not to say that Heidegger should be simply replaced by Lévinas. As shows an examination of the work of art, to which brings us our reading of Moravia’s literary exposition of boredom (the phenomenon closely examined in Die Grundbegriffe der Metaphysik), the view on the work of art that is entirely based on the anonymous and worldless facticity of il y a must be extended and complemented by the moment in which a new world and a new individual structure of experience are being born. To comprehend the dynamism of the work of art in its fullness, it is necessary to see it not only as an ending of the world and the correlative intentional structure of the individual existence, but also as their new beginning.

Monkey on My Back. An Autoethnographic Narrative of a Therapeutic Experience

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Wiesner
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
The Self ◽  
Symbolic Language ◽  
Discursive Practices ◽  
Therapeutic Experience ◽  
Postmodern Philosophy ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Global Uncertainty

With a conscious attempt to contribute to contemporary discussions in mad/trans/queer/monster studies, the monograph approaches complex postmodern theories and contextualizes them from an autoethnographic methodological perspective. As the self-explanatory subtitle reads, the book introduces several topics as revelatory fields for the author’s self-exploration at the moment of an intense epistemological and ontological crisis. Reflexively written, it does not solely focus on a personal experience, as it also aims at bridging the gap between the individual and the collective in times of global uncertainty. There are no solid outcomes defined; nevertheless, the narrative points to a certain—more fluid—way out. Through introducing alternative ways of hermeneutics and meaning-making, the book offers a synthesis of postmodern philosophy and therapy, evolutionary astrology as a symbolic language, embodied inquiry, and Buddhist thought that together represent a critical attempt to challenge the pathologizing discursive practices of modern disciplines during the neoliberal capitalist era.

EFEITOS DO DEEP RUNNING SOBRE A AMPLITUDE DE MOVIMENTO E A CAPACIDADE FUNCIONAL DOS MEMBROS SUPERIORES DE MULHERES MASTECTOMIZADAS: RELATO DE CASOS

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-131
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Range Of Movement ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
And Function

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women in Brazil and in the worl. The surgical treatment procedure may cause severe morbidity in the upper limb homolateral to surgery, including the reduction of the range of motion, with consequent impairment of function. A physiotherapeutic approach has an important role in the recover range of motion and the functionality of these women, guaranteeing the occupational, domestestic, familiar and conjugated activities, and, in this way, also improving the quality of life. Objectives: To analyse chances in the shoulder's range of motion and the functional capacity of the upper limbs, promoted by the deep running procedure in women with late postoperative mastectomy. Methods: All the patients were submitted to an evaluation in the beginning and end of the treatment, including: goniometry of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation of the shoulder joint; and function capacity analysis in activities that involve the upper members by DASH questionnaire. The treatment protocol includes twelve sessions of deep running, realized twice a week, in deep pool, for 20-minute during six weeks. Results: Were submitted to treatment a total of 4 patients. Despite the improvement in the numerical values, statistically significant differences were not found on the range of movements and in the functional capacity of upper members before and after the deep running sessions in post-mastectomy women. Conclusion: Deep running had effects on the numerical values of range of movement and upper limb functionality in women in the late postoperative period of the mastectomy procedure, but without statistically significant differences.

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