scholarly journals Impact of Attrition Ball-Mill on Characteristics and Biochemical Methane Potential of Food Waste

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2085
Author(s):  
Yang Mo Gu ◽  
Seon Young Park ◽  
Ji Yeon Park ◽  
Byoung-In Sang ◽  
Byoung Seong Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Biochemical Methane Potential ◽  
Methane Potential ◽  
The Impact

The impact of attrition ball-mill pretreatment on food waste particle size, soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), biochemical methane potential, and microbial community during anaerobic digestion was investigated based on milling speed and time. The uniformity of particle size improved with increasing milling speed and time. The SCOD of the pretreated samples increased to 4%, 7%, and 17% at the speeds of 150, 225, and 300 rpm, respectively, compared to the control. Milling time did not significantly change the SCOD. The cumulative methane productions of 430, 440, and 490 mL/g-VS were observed at the speeds of 150, 225, and 300 rpm, respectively, while the untreated sample exhibited the cumulative methane production of 390 mL/g-VS. Extended milling time did not improve methane production much. When the milling times of 10, 20, and 30 min were applied with the milling speed fixed at 300 rpm, the methane productions of 490, 510, and 500 mL/g-VS were observed respectively. Ball-mill pretreatment also increased the total volatile fatty acids. During the anaerobic digestion (AD) of ball-mill treated food waste, acetoclastic methanogens predominated, with a relative abundance of 48–49%. Interestingly, hydrogenotrophic methanogens were 1.6 times higher in the pretreated samples than those in the control. These results showed the potential of attrition ball milling as a food waste pretreatment for improving methane production.

Assessing the role of biochemical methane potential tests in determining anaerobic degradability rate and extent

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 880-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Jensen ◽  
H. Ge ◽  
D. J. Batstone
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Continuous Systems ◽  
Batch Test ◽  
Biochemical Methane Potential ◽  
First Order ◽  
Methane Potential ◽  
The Impact

The biodegradability and bioavailability of hydrolysis-limited substrates under anaerobic (and aerobic) conditions can be represented by two key parameters – degradability (fd), or the percentage that can be effectively be destroyed during digestion, and first order hydrolysis coefficient (khyd), or the speed at which material breaks down. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) testing uses a batch test (in triplicate), and by fitting against a first order model, can fit both parameters in the same test. BMP testing is now being widely used for anaerobic process feasibility and design purposes, and standardisation efforts are ongoing. In this paper, we address a number of key issues relating to the test method and its analysis. This includes proposal of a new fitting and parameter estimation method, evaluation of the impact of inoculum to substrate ratio on fitted parameters, and comparison to performance in continuous systems. The new parameter estimation technique provides an estimate of parameter uncertainty and correlation, and is clearly more suitable than model transformation and linear regression. An inoculum volume ratio of at least 50% (2:1 on VS basis) was required on a cellulose substrate to use methane production as primary indicator, as found by comparing methane production and solubilisation of cellulose. Finally, on a typical material, waste activated sludge, the batch test was slightly conservative in terms of degradability and rate, indicating a bias in the BMP test. The test is a cost-effective and capable method to evaluate potential substrates, but it should be noted that it is generally conservative, especially if sub-optimal inoculum is used.

scholarly journals Enhancing anaerobic digestion of food waste through biochemical methane potential assays at different substrate: inoculum ratios

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 612-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakira R. Hobbs ◽  
Amy E. Landis ◽  
Bruce E. Rittmann ◽  
Michelle N. Young ◽  
Prathap Parameswaran
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Biochemical Methane Potential ◽  
Methane Potential

scholarly journals The Influence of Low-Temperature Food Waste Biochars on Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kacper Świechowski ◽  
Andrzej Białowiec ◽  
Bartosz Matyjewicz ◽  
Paweł Telega
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Biochemical Methane Potential ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Methane Potential ◽  
Potential Test ◽  
Residual Heat

The proof-of-the-concept of application of low-temperature food waste biochars for the anaerobic digestion (AD) of food waste (the same substrate) was tested. The concept assumes that residual heat from biogas utilization may be reused for biochar production. Four low-temperature biochars produced under two pyrolytic temperatures 300 °C and 400 °C and under atmospheric and 15 bars pressure with 60 minutes retention time were used. Additionally, the biochar produced during hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) was tested. The work studied the effect of a low biochar dose (0.05 gBC x gTSsubstrate-1, or 0.65 gBC x L-1) on AD batch reactors’ performance. The biochemical methane potential test took 21 days and the process kinetics using the first-order model were determined. The results showed that biochars obtained under 400°C with atmospheric pressure and under HTC conditions improve methane yield by 3.6%. It has been revealed that thermochemical pressure influences the electrical conductivity of biochars. The biomethane was produced with a rate (k) of 0.24 d-1, and the most effective biochars increased the biodegradability of FW to 81% in comparison to variants without biochars (75%).

scholarly journals Effects of Lipase Addition, Hydrothermal Processing, Their Combination, and Co-Digestion with Crude Glycerol on Food Waste Anaerobic Digestion

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Xiaojue Li ◽  
Naoto Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Gompertz Model ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Methane Potential ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Modified Gompertz Model

To enhance anaerobic fermentation during food waste (FW) digestion, pretreatments can be applied or the FW can be co-digested with other waste. In this study, lipase addition (LA), hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP), and a combination of both methods (HL) were applied to hydrolyze organic matter in FW. Furthermore, the effects of crude glycerol (CG), which provided 5%, 10%, and 15% of the volatile solids (VS) as co-substrate (denoted as CG5, CG10, and CG15, respectively), on the anaerobic digestion of FW were assessed. With an increasing proportion of CG in the co-digestion experiment, CG10 showed higher methane production, while CG15 negatively affected the anaerobic digestion (AD) performance owing to propionic acid accumulation acidifying the reactors and inhibiting methanogen growth. As the pretreatments partially decomposed hard-to-degrade substances in advance, pretreated FW showed a stronger methane production ability compared with raw FW, especially using the HL method, which was significantly better than co-digestion. HL pretreatment was shown to be a promising option for enhancing the methane potential value (1.773 NL CH4/g VS) according to the modified Gompertz model.

scholarly journals Use of Confectionery Waste in Biogas Production by the Anaerobic Digestion Process

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka A. Pilarska ◽  
Krzysztof Pilarski ◽  
Agnieszka Wolna-Maruwka ◽  
Piotr Boniecki ◽  
Maciej Zaborowicz
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Biochemical Methane Potential ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Chemical Equations ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Methane Potential

It was the objective of this study to verify the efficiency and stability of anaerobic digestion (AD) for selected confectionery waste, including chocolate bars (CB), wafers (W), and filled wafers (FW), by inoculation with digested cattle slurry and maize silage pulp. Information in the literature on biogas yield for these materials and on their usefulness as substrate in biogas plants remains to be scarce. Owing to its chemical structure, including the significant content of carbon-rich carbohydrates and fat, the confectionery waste has a high biomethane potential. An analysis of the AD process indicates differences in the fluctuations of the pH values of three test samples. In comparison with W and FW, CB tended to show slightly more reduced pH values in the first step of the process; moreover an increase in the content of volatile fatty acids (VFA) was recorded. In the case of FW, the biogas production process showed the highest stability. Differences in the decomposition dynamics for the three types of test waste were accounted for by their different carbohydrate contents and also different biodegradabilities of specific compounds. The highest efficiency of the AD process was obtained for the filled wafers, where the biogas volumes, including methane, were 684.79 m3 Mg−1 VS and 506.32 m3 Mg−1 VS, respectively. A comparable volume of biogas (673.48 m3 Mg−1 VS) and a lower volume of methane (407.46 m3 Mg−1 VS) were obtained for chocolate bars. The lowest volumes among the three test material types, i.e., 496.78 m3 Mg−1 VS (biogas) and 317.42 m3 Mg−1 VS (methane), were obtained for wafers. This article also proposes a method of estimation of the biochemical methane potential (theoretical BMP) based on the chemical equations of degradation of sugar, fats, and proteins and known biochemical composition (expressed in grams).

scholarly journals Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion: Enhanced and Sustainable Methane Production from Co-Digestion of Food and Lignocellulosic Wastes

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi David ◽  
Tanvi Govil ◽  
Abhilash Tripathi ◽  
Julie McGeary ◽  
Kylie Farrar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Lignocellulosic Wastes ◽  
Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Prairie Cordgrass

This article aims to study the codigestion of food waste (FW) and three different lignocellulosic wastes (LW) (Corn stover (CS), Prairie cordgrass (PCG), and Unbleached paper (UBP)) for thermophilic anaerobic digestion to overcome the limitations of digesting food waste alone (volatile fatty acids accumulation and low C:N ratio). Using an enriched thermophilic methanogenic consortium, all the food and lignocellulosic waste mixtures showed positive synergistic effects of codigestion. After 30 days of incubation at 60 °C (100 rpm), the highest methane yield of 305.45 L·kg−1 volatile solids (VS) was achieved with a combination of FW-PCG-CS followed by 279.31 L·kg−1 VS with a mixture of FW-PCG. The corresponding volatile solids reduction for these two co-digestion mixtures was 68% and 58%, respectively. This study demonstrated a reduced hydraulic retention time for methane production using FW and LW.

scholarly journals Effect of Particle Size on the Aerobic and Anaerobic Digestion Characteristics of Whole Rice Straw

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3960
Author(s):  
Lina Luo ◽  
Youpei Qu ◽  
Weijia Gong ◽  
Liyuan Qin ◽  
Wenzhe Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Lignocellulose Degradation ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Sieve Size ◽  
Volatile Solids

The effect of reducing particle size on physical properties, the methane yield and energy flow were investigated through the biochemical methane potential (BMP) experiment of aerobic-anaerobic digestion (AAD) of rice straw (RS). The whole straw was crushed through four sieves of different aperture sizes (1, 3, 5, and 7 mm) to obtain the actual and non-uniform particle size distribution (PSD). The results indicated that the actual particle sizes were normally or logarithmic normally distributed. Reducing particle size could significantly promote the aerobic hydrolysis and acidification process, increase the content of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from 4408.78 to 6225.15 mg/L and the degradation of volatile solids (VS) from 40.56% to 50.49%. The results of path analysis suggested that particle size reduction played an important role in improving lignocellulosic degradability, which was the main factor affecting methane production with the comprehensive decision of 0.4616. The maximum methane production obtained at 1 mm sieve size was 176.47 mLCH4g−1 VS. The phyla of Firmicutes (61.5%), Proteobacteria (9.3%), Chloroflexi (8.3%), Bacteroidetes (4.1%), Cyanobacteria/Chloroplast (4.6%) were mainly responsible for VFAs production and lignocellulose degradation. However, the net negative energy balance was observed at the 1 mm sieve size due to the increased energy input. Therefore, the optimum sieve size for AAD was 3 mm.

Uji potensi metana biokimia terhadap biolumpur dengan pengolahan awal ozonisasi dan sonikasi

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
D Desiana ◽  
Tjandra Setiadi
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Simple Test ◽  
Biochemical Methane Potential ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Potential Measurement ◽  
Basic Technique ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Group A ◽  
Methane Potential

The anaerobic digestion is a basic technique in reducing bio-sludge. The eficiency process anaerob doing based on value ratio COD and BOD. One simple test for knowing biochemical methane potential was developed in 1779 by Owen group. A study on BMP (Biochemical Methane Potential) and ATA (Anaerobic Toxicity Assay) on bio-sludge were carried out in this research. The effect of pretreatment to biodegradability and toxicity were also studied The results of experiments showed that toxicity of raw bio-sludge, ozonation, and sonication on bio-sludge have no toxic effect to the production rate of gas on low concentration (around  4%), but it has been toxic on higher concentration. The potential measurement of methane production that was developed by Owen et al., was not accurate enough to be applied on bio-sludge. The extended ATA measurements gave a better result especially on low concentration (around 4%) or on COD level around 1.500 mg/L. Based on extended ATA measurement, biochemical methane production was relatively high as biodegradability valued around 62%. Keywords: Anaerobic Digestion, ATA, BMP, BOD, COD AbstrakProses anaerob merupakan teknik yang paling fundamental untuk mengurangi biolumpur. Uji efisiensi proses anaerob selama ini dilakukan berdasarkan nilai rasio nilai COD dan BOD. Pada tahun 1979, kelompok Owen mengembangkan suatu uji sederhana untuk mengetahui potensi pembentukan metana biokimia yang relatif lebih mewakili kondisi anaerob sebenarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan metoda uji potensi pembentukan metana terhadap biolumpur. yakni berdasarkan uji ATA (Anaerobic Toxicity Assay) lanjutan dan metoda BMP (Biochemical Methane Potential) yang dikembangkan oleh kelompok Owen. Selain itu, dalam penelitian ini juga dilakukan uji tingkat racun (ATA). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa tingkat racun biolumpur segar, biolumpur hasil ozonasi, dan biolumpur hasil sonikasi cenderung tidak menghambat laju produksi gas pada konsentrasi rendah (4%), namun bersifat raczm pada konsentrasi lebih tinggi, untuk biolumpur, perhitungan potensi pembentukan metana dengan metoda BMP yang dikembangkan oleh kelompok Owen kurang tepat, namun uji ATA lanjutan memberikan hasil lebih baik, terutama pada konsentrasi uji yang rendah (sekitar 4 %) atau pada beban COD berkisar 1.500 mg/L. Potensi pembentukan metana biokimia berdasarkan uji ATA lanjutan ternyata relatif tinggi, dengan nilai biodegradabilitas yang mencapai sekitar 62%.Kata Kunci: ATA, BMP, BOD, COD, Proses Anaerob

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