scholarly journals Effects of Nutrient Content and Nitrogen to Phosphorous Ratio on the Growth, Nutrient Removal and Desalination Properties of the Green Alga Coelastrum morus on a Laboratory Scale

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2112
Author(s):  
Aida Figler ◽  
Kamilla Márton ◽  
Viktória B-Béres ◽  
István Bácsi
Keyword(s):  
Green Alga ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
N:P Ratio ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
N:P Ratios

In wastewater, nutrient concentrations and salinity vary substantially, however, the optimal N:P ratio for the treatment using microalgae is not well described. In this study, the effects of higher and lower nitrate and phosphate contents and N:P ratios on growth, nutrient removal ability and halotolerance of the common green alga Coelastrum morus were investigated in model solutions. The results suggest that high nitrate content (above 100 mg L−1) with a similarly high phosphate concentration (resulting low N:P ratio) is not favorable for growth. The studied isolate can be considered as a halotolerant species, showing remarkable growth up to 1000 mg L−1 NaCl and it seems that despite the negative effects on growth, higher nutrient content contributes to higher halotolerance. A significant amount of nitrate removal was observed in media with different nutrient contents and N:P ratios with different salt concentrations. High N:P ratios favor phosphate removal, which is more inhibited by increasing NaCl concentration than nitrate uptake. Overall, with a relatively higher nutrient content and a favorable (5 or higher) N:P ratio, a common green algal species such as C. morus could be a promising candidate next to species from the Chlorellaceae and Scenedesmaceae families.

scholarly journals Nutrient removal efficiency of green algal strains at high phosphate concentrations

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 1832-1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo Hernan Moreno Osorio ◽  
Angelo Del Mondo ◽  
Gabriele Pinto ◽  
Antonino Pollio ◽  
Luigi Frunzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Nutrient Removal Efficiency ◽  
High Phosphate ◽  
Mixotrophic Conditions

Abstract The effects of autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions on microalgae growth and nutrient removal efficiency from synthetic wastewater by different microalgae were investigated. Although several studies have demonstrated the suitability of microalgae technologies for ammonia-rich wastewater treatment, only a few have been used for treatment of phosphate-rich industrial wastewaters. In this work, six microalgae were cultivated in batch mode in a growth medium with a high phosphate concentration (0.74 Mm PO43−-P) and different carbon sources (ammonium acetate and sodium bicarbonate) without CO2 supplementation or pH adjustment. Their potential for nutrient removal and biomass generation was estimated. The biomass growth in the reactors was modeled and the data aligned to the Verhulst model with R2 > 0.93 in all cases. Chlorella pyrenoidosa ACUF_808 showed the highest final biomass productivity of 106.21 and 75.71 mg·L−1·d−1 in media with inorganic and organic carbon sources, respectively. The highest phosphorus removal efficiency was 32% with Chlorella vulgaris ACUF_809, while the nitrate removal efficiency in all reactors exceeded 93%. The coupled cultivation of the novel isolated strains of C. pyrenoidosa and C. vulgaris under mixotrophic conditions supplemented with ammonium acetate might be a promising solution for simultaneous nitrate and phosphate removal from phosphorus-rich wastewaters.

Mass, nutrient content, and decay rate of dead boles in rain forests of Olympic National Park

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Lambert Graham ◽  
Kermit Cromack. Jr.
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Olympic Peninsula ◽  
Olympic National Park ◽  
N:P Ratios ◽  
Open Forest ◽  
Closed Forest ◽  
Closed Canopy

Analysis of dead boles of Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr. and Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. in open- and closed-canopy forests of the Olympic Peninsula Washington, U.S.A., revealed that hemlock mortality in both forest types was due mainly to windthrow, whereas spruce typically died upright. The open forest contained 120 t/ha of dead bole wood; the closed forest contained 161 t/ha. Hemlock boles decayed more rapidly than the larger spruce boles, although both showed considerable variability. On a per-hectare basis, 146–223 kg of N, 147–197 kg of Ca. 39–61 kg of K, 18–29 kg of Mg, 6–14 kg of Na, and 17–29 kg of P were contained in dead boles of the open- and closed-canopy forests, respectively. Except for N and Mg, the nutrient concentrations of the wood were not significantly different after 33–68 years of bole decay. The N:P ratios increased with increasing decay for both species.

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal-capacity of Four Chosen Aquatic Macrophytes in Tropical Freshwater Ponds

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brahma D. Tripathi ◽  
Jaya Srivastava ◽  
Kiran Misra
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Removal Capacity

The nutrient removal-capacity of four chosen aquatic macrophytes was tested in both natural and laboratory conditions. Laboratory experiments were performed under controlled conditions using ‘microcosm’ methods wherein the plants were grown in three different nutrient concentrations. For field experiments, three ponds were selected that had different levels of plant nutrient concentrations and accordingly were treated as polluted, moderately polluted, and relatively unpolluted, respectively, the object being to study the nutrient removal-capacity of chosen aquatic macrophytes living in ‘natural’ conditions. For the present investigation, four common and widespread aquatic plants growing in all three ponds were chosen: Water-hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms), Water-lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.), Round-leafed Water-fern (Salvinia rotundifolia Willd.), and Lesser Duckweed (Lemna minor L.). These plants were selected also because of their frequent presence in aquatic bodies in the region and their high reproductive capacity.From the results it is revealed that, during the summer and rainy seasons, the highest content of nitrogen was removed by the Eichhornia, followed by the Pistia > Lemna > Salvinia, while during winter the highest content of nitrogen was removed by the Eichhornia followed by the Lemna > Pistia > Salvinia. Higher phosphorus removal was found in summer than in the rainy or the winter season. Phosphorus removal by the macrophytes was in the order of the Eichhornia > Pistia > Lemna > Salvinia, during the summer and rainy seasons, whereas the highest content of phosphorus was removed by Lemna in the winter months.The nutrient removal-capacity was rated to be highest by the Water-hyacinth, followed by the Pistia, then the Lemna, and lowest by the Salvinia. It was also evident that the nutrient removal increased with increasing nutrient concentration in the wastewater. The removal of nitrate by the selected macrophytes ranged from 42.0% to 96.2%, while phosphate removal ranged from 36.3% to 70.2%. A positive and significant correlation was obtained between the concentration of nitrate and phosphate in the waters and plant tissues that were studied, and it is thought that a useful strategy to employ might be to grow the Eichhornia and the Lemna together at least where winter temperatures were likely to be low enough to favour the Lemna at that season, though at other times it is apt to be a nuisance.

scholarly journals Note on taxonomy of Chlorogloeopsis fritschii (Mitra) Mitra et Pandey with soil analysis, collected from a rice field in West Bengal, India

Our Nature ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Nilu Halder
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Rice Field Soil ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Chlorogloeopsis Fritschii

While studying on paddy field blue green algae, author for the first time recorded a blue green algal species Chlorogloeopsis fritschii (Mitra) Mitra et Pandey from rice field soil in summer during 2013 in Hooghly, West Bengal, India. In the present paper, taxonomical description with microphotographs of the species has been provided. In addition to that, soil which was collected from the algal occurrence site has been analyzed. The different physico-chemical parameters of soil were as followed: pH: 7.1; EC: 0.142 dSm-1; OC: 6.6 mgkg-1; Ca2+: 4.6 cmol+kg-1; Na+: 0.71 cmol+kg-1; K+: 0.15 cmol+kg-1; CEC: 12.6 cmol+kg-1; WHC: 45%. Soil textures were as: sand: 36.2%, slit: 28.1% and clay: 35.7%. This study of soil showed its nature and present nutrient content. As the alga contains heterocyst and can fix atmospheric nitrogen to soil so, it can apply in rice fields as biofertilizer to enhance the yield of rice and increase of soil fertility. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. 

Differences between two green algae in biological availability of iron bound to strong chelators

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold G. Weger ◽  
Carlyn J. Matz ◽  
Rachel S. Magnus ◽  
Crystal N. Walker ◽  
Michael B. Fink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Iron Acquisition ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Desferrioxamine B ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Green Alga Chlorella ◽  
Strategy I

N,N′-di(2-hydroxybenzoyl)-ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic acid (HBED) is a very strong Fe3+ chelator. Strategy I vascular plants, which use a reductive system for iron acquisition, similar to many green algae, are able to access iron from HBED (R.L. Chaney. 1988. J. Plant Nutr. 11: 1033–1050). However, iron-limited cells of the Strategy I green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dangeard were unable to access iron present as Fe3+–HBED. In contrast, Fe3+ chelated with hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA; a weaker chelator) was rapidly taken up by iron-limited Chlamydomonas cells. Chlamydomonas ferric reduction rates with Fe3+–HBED were approximately 15% of the rate observed with Fe3+–HEDTA, suggesting that low reduction rates with Fe3+–HBED might be one factor in the low rate of iron acquisition. By contrast, iron-limited cells of the Strategy I green alga Chlorella kessleri Fott et Nováková were able to rapidly assimilate Fe3+ chelated by HBED, although ferric reduction rates with Fe3+–HBED were approximately 38% the rate of activity with Fe3+–HEDTA. Similar differential iron uptake rates for the two algal species were obtained using the strong Fe3+ chelator (and siderophore analogue) desferrioxamine B mesylate and the cyanobacterial siderophore schizokinen. These results suggest that there are differences among Strategy I green algae in their abilities to acquire Fe3+ from various ferric chelates: not all Strategy I algae can equally access tightly complexed Fe3+. Chlamydomonas appears to be the first documented Strategy I organism that is unable to acquire iron from Fe3+–HBED. These results also suggest that green algal iron acquisition from siderophores is species dependent. Finally, we suggest that iron acquisition from Fe3+–HBED might serve as an assay for an organisms’ ability to access tightly complexed iron.

Survey of filamentous populations in nutrient removal plants in four European countries

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dick H. Eikelboom ◽  
Andreas Andreadakis ◽  
Kjaer Andreasen
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Phosphate Removal ◽  
Particulate Fraction ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Filamentous Microorganisms ◽  
Short Period

A joint EU research project aimed at solving activated sludge bulking in nutrient removal plants was initiated in 1993. The project started with a survey of the size and composition of the filamentous population in nutrient removal plants in Denmark, Germany, Greece and the Netherlands. The results show that biological nutrient removal process conditions indeed favour filamentous microorganisms in their competition with floc forming organisms. An increase in the size of the filamentous population resulted in a deterioration of the settling properties of the biomass, except for plants with Bio-P removal conditions. It is assumed that in the latter case the dense clusters of Bio-P bacteria increase the weight of the flocs, and compensate for the effect of the larger number of filaments. Although exceptions frequently occur, the following sequence in decreasing filamentous organism population size was observed for the process conditions indicated: - completely mixed + simultaneous denitrification; - completely mixed + intermittent aeration/denitrification; - alternating anoxic/oxic process conditions, with an anaerobic tank for biological phosphate removal (Bio-Denipho); - alternating anoxic/oxic process conditions (Bio-Denitro); - predenitrification The surveys provided little information about the effect of nutrient removal in plants with plug flow aeration basins. Simultaneous precipitation with aluminium salts nearly always resulted in a low number of filaments and a good settling sludge. The size of the filamentous organism population showed a seasonal pattern with a maximum in winter/early spring and a minimum during summer (in Greece: during autumn). This seasonal variation is primarily caused by the effect of the season on the population sizes of M. parvicella, N. limicola and Type 0092. M. parvicella is by far the most important filamentous species in nutrient removal plants. In Denmark only, Type 0041 also frequently dominates the filamentous population, but seldom causes severe bulking. Considering their frequency of occurrence, approx. 10 other filamentous micro-organisms are of minor importance. Growth of some of these species, viz. those which use soluble substrate, can be prevented by the introduction of Bio-P process conditions. M. parvicella and Type 0041 (and probably also Actinomycetes and the Types 1851 and 0092) seem to compete for the same substrates i.e. the influent particulate fraction. Most of the differences in composition of the filamentous microorganism population can be explained by whether or not premixing of influent and recycled sludge is used. In general, premixing for a short period of time followed by anoxic conditions favours Type 0041. M. parvicella seems to proliferate if the particulate fraction is first hydrolysed or if it enters the plant via an oxic zone. It is concluded that bulking in nutrient removal plants is mainly caused by filamentous species requiring the particulate fraction for their growth.

Effects of CO2 enrichment and nutrition on growth, photosynthesis, and nutrient concentration of Alaskan tundra plant species

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 2993-2998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven F. Oberbauer ◽  
Nasser Sionit ◽  
Steven J. Hastings ◽  
Walter C. Oechel
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Ledum Palustre ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Alaskan Tundra

Three Alaskan tundra species, Carex bigelowii Torr., Betula nana L., and Ledum palustre L., were grown in controlled-environment chambers at two nutrition levels with two concentrations of atmospheric CO2 to assess the interactive effects of these factors on growth, photosynthesis, and tissue nutrient content. Carbon dioxide concentrations were maintained at 350 and 675 μL L−1 under photosynthetic photon flux densities of 450 μmol m−2 s−1 and temperatures of 20:15 °C (light:dark). Nutrient treatments were obtained by watering daily with 1/60- or 1/8- strength Hoagland's solution. Leaf, root, and total biomass were strongly enhanced by nutrient enrichment regardless of the CO2 concentration. In contrast, enriched atmospheric CO2 did not significantly affect plant biomass and there was no interaction between nutrition and CO2 concentration during growth. Leaf photosynthesis was increased by better nutrition in two species but was unchanged by CO2 enrichment during growth in all three species. The effects of nutrient addition and CO2 enrichment on tissue nutrient concentrations were complex and differed among the three species. The data suggest that CO2 enrichment with or without nutrient limitation has little effect on the biomass production of these three tundra species.

Leptochlorella corticola gen. et sp. nov. and Kalinella apyrenoidosa sp. nov.: two novel Chlorella-like green microalgae (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) from subaerial habitats

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_1) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Neustupa ◽  
Yvonne Němcová ◽  
Jana Veselá ◽  
Jana Steinová ◽  
Pavel Škaloud
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Green Microalgae ◽  
Green Algal

The diversity of green microalgae in subaerial habitats remains largely unexplored and a number of new genus- and species-level lineages have been discovered recently. The traditional green algal genus, Chlorella, which accommodated coccoid unicellular green algal species with globular to oval cells, reproducing entirely by autospores, has been found to be polyphyletic. In this study, we provide a detailed characterization of two strains of microalgae isolated from tree bark in the Mediterranean. These algae share the general Chlorella-like morphology and their 18S rRNA and rbcL gene sequences place them in the Trebouxiophyceae. Strain CAUP H8401 forms an independent trebouxiophycean lineage, together with three previously published 18S rRNA gene environmental sequences of undescribed microalgae, which were retrieved from profoundly different habitats. In contrast, strain CAUP H7902 is related to Kalinella bambusicola in the Watanabea clade of the Trebouxiophyceae on the basis of its 18S rRNA gene sequence. This relationship is also supported by the rbcL gene sequence, acquired from the type strain of K. bambusicola. The investigated strains are described as representatives of a novel species in a new genus, Leptochlorella corticola gen. et sp. nov., and a novel species, Kalinella apyrenoidosa sp. nov., according to the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants.

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