scholarly journals Remote Microgrids for Energy Access in Indonesia—Part II: PV Microgrids and A Technology Outlook

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6901
Author(s):  
Desmon Simatupang ◽  
Ilman Sulaeman ◽  
Niek Moonen ◽  
Rinaldi Maulana ◽  
Safitri Baharuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Companion Paper ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Lifetime Estimation ◽  
Battery Lifetime ◽  
Utility Company ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Grid Connection ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Sustainability Challenges

This paper is the companion paper of Remote Microgrids for Energy Access in Indonesia “Part I: scaling and sustainability challenges and a technology outlook”. This part II investigates the issues of photovoltaic (PV) systems with respect to the planning, design, and operation, and maintenance phases in microgrids in Indonesia. The technology outlooks are also included as PV has an important role in providing electricity in the underdeveloped, isolated, and border areas. The data in this paper are from PV microgrids located in Maluku and North Maluku, which are two provinces where there is barely any grid connection available and thus very dependent on remote microgrids. The data are obtained from interviews with Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) and NZMATES, which are an Indonesian utility company and a program for supporting role for the PV systems in Maluku funded by New Zealand respectively. Common issues with respect to reliability and sustainability are identified based on the provided data. Advanced technologies to increase reliability and sustainability are also presented in this paper as a technology outlook. Among these solutions are online monitoring systems, PV and battery lifetime estimation, load forecasting strategies, and PV inverters technology.

scholarly journals The Sustainability of Decentralised Renewable Energy Projects in Developing Countries: Learning Lessons from Zambia

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3757
Author(s):  
Susann Stritzke ◽  
Prem Jain
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Financial Data ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Sustainability Challenges

Decentralised renewable energy (RE) systems such as solar PV mini-grids (MG) are considered to be a cornerstone for the strategic achievement of the UN’s energy access goals in the developing world. Many of these systems implemented however face substantial technical, financial and social sustainability challenges which are also a recurring theme in the relevant literature. MG analyses however often lack detailed technical or financial data or apply ‘silo-approaches’ as a comprehensive review of MG case study literature presented in this article reveals. Consequently, this study aims to enhance the understanding of RE MG sustainability in the developing context based on the integrated evaluation of the technical, financial and social dimensions of MG operation through empirical data from community surveys on energy use from Uganda and Zambia and two in-depth MG case studies from Zambia. By presenting detailed technical and financial data in combination with energy consumer perception, the study aims to close existing data gaps on sustainable RE MG operation and offers an approach to evaluate and optimise the operational sustainability of an MG in its individual local context. The article finds that the complex rural community ecosystem is a central, but yet undervalued determinant of MG sustainability in rural developing contexts. The mismatch between energy affordability and MG tariffs threatens MG sustainability and the scaling of energy access projects if not addressed specifically during project development and implementation. Consequently, the article calls for a strategic inclusion of community-ecosystem parameters and MG planning based on realistic energy affordability levels and an added value approach that includes dynamic MG financing mechanisms and targeted measures to generate added value through energy consumption as integral parts of RE MG projects.

Battery Lifetime Estimation Based on Usage Pattern

2021 ◽  
pp. 353-365
Author(s):  
Manu Gupta ◽  
Shruti Mary ◽  
Jay Trivedi ◽  
Jai Goyal ◽  
Priyanka Maan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Usage Pattern ◽  
Lifetime Estimation ◽  
Battery Lifetime

scholarly journals The Technical Challenges Facing the Integration of Small-Scale and Large-scale PV Systems into the Grid: A Critical Review

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Alshahrani ◽  
Siddig Omer ◽  
Yuehong Su ◽  
Elamin Mohamed ◽  
Saleh Alotaibi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Technical Challenges ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
The Impact

Decarbonisation, energy security and expanding energy access are the main driving forces behind the worldwide increasing attention in renewable energy. This paper focuses on the solar photovoltaic (PV) technology because, currently, it has the most attention in the energy sector due to the sharp drop in the solar PV system cost, which was one of the main barriers of PV large-scale deployment. Firstly, this paper extensively reviews the technical challenges, potential technical solutions and the research carried out in integrating high shares of small-scale PV systems into the distribution network of the grid in order to give a clearer picture of the impact since most of the PV systems installations were at small scales and connected into the distribution network. The paper reviews the localised technical challenges, grid stability challenges and technical solutions on integrating large-scale PV systems into the transmission network of the grid. In addition, the current practices for managing the variability of large-scale PV systems by the grid operators are discussed. Finally, this paper concludes by summarising the critical technical aspects facing the integration of the PV system depending on their size into the grid, in which it provides a strong point of reference and a useful framework for the researchers planning to exploit this field further on.

scholarly journals Remote Microgrids for Energy Access in Indonesia—Part I: Scaling and Sustainability Challenges and A Technology Outlook

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6643
Author(s):  
Ilman Sulaeman ◽  
Desmon Petrus Simatupang ◽  
Brandon Kristiano Noya ◽  
Amalia Suryani ◽  
Niek Moonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Sustainability Challenges ◽  
High Level

Although Indonesia’s electrification ratio reached 99.2% in 2020, it has shown stagnating electrification since 2018. This is because most of the remaining areas that need to be electrified are remote and have unique characteristics that hamper implementation of microgrids for providing energy access. Furthermore, not only the deployment but also the long-term sustainability of microgrids is crucial for ensuring continuity of energy access. This paper aims to investigate the scaling and sustainability challenges of remote microgrid development in Indonesia by analyzing microgrids in the Maluku and North Maluku provinces. This study is a two-part publication; the first part focuses on identifying challenges in Indonesia’s remote microgrid development, while the second part focuses on potential technology solutions. In the first part, an assessment of energy access within a multi-tier framework was conducted, which was then analyzed using a multi-dimensional (institutional, social, technical, economic, environmental, and policy) approach adapted from the literature. The framework was expanded by mapping the challenges onto specific phases of the microgrid development, which is intended to be helpful for the parties involved in specific phases. It is shown that the challenges related to unclear land status, lack of social engagement, preliminary survey, technical and practical knowledge, and O&M procedures—especially for remote microgrids with renewable energy sources—are the most prominent issues. Additionally, issues caused by electrical events and environmental conditions such as relatively humid and high-temperatures, and uncontrolled vegetation, rodents, insects, and lizards are often found. Furthermore, a high-level technological outlook to address some of these issues is presented.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of New Solar Photovoltaic System with Supercapacitor for Rural Areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Izuan Fahmi Romli ◽  
Rajprasad Kumar Rajkumar ◽  
Wong Yee Wan ◽  
Chong Lee Wai ◽  
Roselina Arelhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Battery Lifetime ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Battery State Of Charge ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic System

Countries like Malaysia have more that 70% of its population living in rural areas. Majority of these rural areas lie in regions where most villages do not have grid connected electricity. Renewable energy using photovoltaic (PV) panels offers an alternative and cost efficient solution that exploits the yearlong abundance of sunlight available in countries like Malaysia. The main problem with PV systems is the high maintenance costs in replacing batteries every few years which makes PV systems unattractive for rural areas. A full scale PV system, developed in Semenyih Malaysia, aims to increase battery lifetime and reduce maintenance costs by incorporating supercapacitors. The system was developed in a life-sized cabin to mimic a rural home. A programmable load is used to test the system with the load profile of a typical rural household usage. Experimental and simulation results show that the supercapacitor bank is able to reduce the stress on the battery by absorbing peak current surges. Results also show that the system is able to maintain a high battery state of charge during the entire day.Article History: Received June 17th 2016; Received in revised form August 16th 2016; Accepted Sept 10th 2016; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Fahmi, M.I., Rajkumar, R.,  Wong, Y.W., Chong, L.W., Arelhi, R., and Isa, D. (2016) The Effectiveness of New Solar Photovoltaic System with Supercapacitor for Rural Areas. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(3), 249-257.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.3.249-257

Renewable energy, poverty alleviation and developing nations: Evidence from Senegal

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djiby Racine Thiam
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Grid Connection ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Main Components

The desire to increase energy access remains a strong driving force for poverty alleviation in rural areas of developing countries. The supply of modern energy facilitates the improvement of human living conditions and the productivity of sectors. It also contributes by reducing the time spent, mainly for women and children, in collecting biomass and therefore can provide an opportunity for an increase in the education level of children and for women empowerment. This paper shows how renewable energy facilitates the improvement of the standard of living in a Sahelian developing country of Senegal. Using a life-cycle-cost approach while integrating an assessment of the environmental externalities, I argue that in remote rural areas where grid-connection is non-existent, photovoltaic (PV) renewable technologies provide suitable solutions for delivering energy services although wind technology has been considered as well. In this framework, policies promoting the adoption of clean technologies in developing nations like Sen-egal could be considered as being the main components on the agenda of poverty reduction.

A New Method for Battery Lifetime Estimation Using Experimental Testbed for Zigbee Wireless Technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2654
Author(s):  
Dahlila Putri Dahnil ◽  
Supiah Selamat ◽  
Khairul Azmi Abu Bakar ◽  
Rosilah Hassan ◽  
Ahmad G. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
New Method ◽  
Wireless Technology ◽  
Lifetime Estimation ◽  
Battery Lifetime ◽  
Experimental Testbed

scholarly journals Current balancing of cascaded H-bridge converters for PV systems with partial shading

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1879-1895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Iannuzzi ◽  
Mario Pagano ◽  
Luigi Piegari ◽  
Pietro Tricoli
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Grid Connection ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Converter Topology ◽  
Power Balancing ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a new converter topology for integrating PV plants constituted by many panels into the grid. The converter is capable of implementing MPPT algorithms on different subset of modules and can balance the different energy supplied by panels differently irradiated. The output voltage presents a very low ripple also if small filters are used for grid connection. Design/methodology/approach – In the paper, at first the converter configuration is presented. Then a control strategy for obtaining, at the same time the distributed MPPT and the power balancing on the three phases is proposed. Finally, by means of numerical simulations, the good performances of the proposed converter are shown. Findings – The proposed converter, lent from MMC configurations, is deeply studied and a suitable control strategy is well analyzed in the paper. Analytical model for voltage and current balancing are given. Research limitations/implications – The analysis presented in the paper complete some studies started in the last years and partially presented in previous scientific papers. It reaches a final point and gives all the specific for the realization of the converter and of its control. Practical implications – The paper gives all the instrument to design and realize a PV power plant integrated into building façade. Originality/value – The converter and the control for voltage and current balancing presented in this paper represent a significant original contribution of this work.

A New Health Monitoring System for Cable-Stayed Bridges II: Applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 378-379 ◽  
pp. 328-331
Author(s):  
Ling Luo ◽  
Hong Luo ◽  
Bai Song Du
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Health Monitoring System ◽  
Bridge Health Monitoring ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridge ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridges

In the companion paper, a new health monitoring system with five sub-systems is proposed for cable-stayed bridges. In this paper, for a health monitoring system of the cable-stayed bridge, it is classified four levels as excellent, good, fair, and poor base on the function of the system at the first time. The monitoring systems of the second Wujiang Bridge, a cable-stayed bridge with a low tower and a high tower, and the Shibangou Yangtze River Bridge, a cable-stayed bridge with regular double towers, are employed as two examples to narrate the determination of the monitoring parameters, monitoring contents and methods, the principles of the positions of measuring points, and evaluation of the system grade. The health monitoring system for the cable-stayed bridge sets up a good example for other types of bridges and has a reference value for the development of the bridge health monitoring systems.

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