scholarly journals Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources in Road Transport in EU Countries—TOPSIS Results

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7457
Author(s):  
Joanna Kisielińska ◽  
Monika Roman ◽  
Piotr Pietrzak ◽  
Michał Roman ◽  
Katarzyna Łukasiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Topsis Method ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Relative Closeness ◽  
The Status

The primary aim of this study was to assess and compare EU countries in terms of the use of renewable energy sources in road transport. The following research tasks were undertaken to realize this aim: (1) a review of the literature concerning the negative externalities in road transport, the concept of sustainable development, and legal regulations referring to the utilization of renewable energy sources; (2) presentation of changes in energy consumption (both traditional and renewable) in road transport in EU countries in the years 2008–2019; and (3) identification of leaders among the EU countries in terms of consumption of renewable energy sources in road transport. The aim and tasks were realized using the literature review and TOPSIS method as well as descriptive, tabular, and graphic methods. The analysis was conducted for 28 EU countries according to the status for 2019. The period of 2008–2019 was investigated. Sources of materials included literature on the subject and Eurostat data. Although renewable energy sources accounted for as little as 6% of total energy consumption in road transport in EU countries in 2019, this is a significant topical issue. It results from the direction in which changes need to be implemented in terms of energy generation in this area of human activity. It turned out that blended biodiesel and blended biogasoline were the most commonly used fuels originating from renewable sources. The application of the TOPSIS method resulted in the identification of five groups of EU member countries, which differed in terms of the degree of utilization of renewable energy sources in road transport. Luxemburg, Sweden, and Austria were leaders in this respect. In turn, Malta, Estonia, and Croatia were characterized by very low consumption of renewable energy. The greatest progress in the utilization of renewable energy sources in road transport was recorded in Sweden, Finland, and Bulgaria (changes in the relative closeness to the ideal solution from 0.15 to 0.27), while the greatest reduction in relation to other countries was observed in Austria, Germany, and Lithuania (changes from −0.35 to −0.22).

scholarly journals Changes in Energy Consumption in Agriculture in the EU Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1570
Author(s):  
Tomasz Rokicki ◽  
Aleksandra Perkowska ◽  
Bogdan Klepacki ◽  
Piotr Bórawski ◽  
Aneta Bełdycka-Bórawska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Research Hypothesis ◽  
The Eu

The paper’s main purpose was to identify and present the current situation and changes in energy consumption in agriculture in the European Union (EU) countries. The specific objectives were the determination of the degree of concentration of energy consumption in agriculture in the EU countries, showing the directions of their changes, types of energy used, and changes in this respect, establishing the correlation between energy consumption and changes in the economic and agricultural situation in the EU countries. All member states of the European Union were deliberately selected for research on 31 December 2018 (28 countries). The research period covered the years 2005–2018. The sources of materials were the literature on the subject, and data from Eurostat. Descriptive, tabular, and graphical methods were used to analyze and present materials, dynamics indicators with a stable base, Gini concentration coefficient, concentration analysis using the Lorenz curve, coefficient of variation, Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. A high concentration of energy consumption in agriculture was found in several EU countries, the largest in countries with the largest agricultural sector, i.e., France and Poland. There were practically no changes in the concentration level. Only in the case of renewable energy, a gradual decrease in concentration was visible. More and more countries developed technologies that allow the use of this type of energy. However, the EU countries differed in terms of the structure of the energy sources used. The majority of the basis was liquid fuels, while stable and gaseous fuels were abandoned in favor of electricity and renewable sources—according to which, in the EU countries, the research hypothesis was confirmed: a gradual diversification of energy sources used in agriculture, with a systematic increase in the importance of renewable energy sources. The second research hypothesis was also confirmed, according to which the increase in the consumption of renewable energy in agriculture is closely related to the economy’s parameters. The use of renewable energy is necessary and results from concern for the natural environment. Therefore, economic factors may have a smaller impact.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF MODAL CHOICE IN ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS: ANALYSIS OF BRAZILIAN BIOETHANOL SUPPLY CHAIN

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Monteiro Lopes ◽  
Ilton Curty Leal Junior ◽  
Vanessa De Almeida Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
South Central

Currently, concerns with sustainable development lead organizations to improve their production processes in order to reduce greenhouse gases emission and energy consumption. Since the bioethanol supply chain is a CO2 emitter and depends on several energy sources, it becomes important to analyze how to improve this chain regarding environmental issues. Thus, this paper presents a comparative study of scenarios with bioethanol supply chain configurations which use different modal alternatives and renewable energy in all its mid-stages. The analysis was based on LCA (life cycle analysis) concepts and in a partial application of LCI (life cycle inventory), so that we can identify which of these scenarios is most appropriate in terms of lower total energy consumption, greater share of renewable energy use and lower CO2 emissions. Based on concepts found in the bibliographic research, the methodology used and the data collected from documental research, this paper analyzes the supply chain that begins with sugarcane plantation and bioethanol production in the south central region of Brazil with destination to export. Based on the results, we concluded that it is possible to improve the performance of the supply chain in environmental terms with a combination of renewable energy sources and modes of transport that are more suitable to the product studied.

The Effective Use of Renewable Energy Sources and Advanced Technology of Environment Systems in Public Buildings

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 382-385
Author(s):  
Marek Kušnír ◽  
Danica Košičanová ◽  
František Vranay
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Total Energy Consumption

Nowadays, choosing of heating source is emphasized. On the market there are different types of heat sources, which need to be properly designed to the required heating output. Finally, it is necessary to take into account the possibilities of fuel burning as well as heat transfer substance. Heating system is dependent on regional weather conditions, where the building is located. All these factors ultimately, with proper design of the heat source, could reduce operating costs in the heating season. Currently in the design of the heating system, there are taken into account the greatest possible energy savings. It is therefore to encourage bigger utilization of renewable energy sources.Currently has the highest proportion of total energy consumption in the buildings, energy for heating. For this reason, the expert and research community seeks to reduce energy consumption at the lowest possible value. For this purpose, people are starting to apply renewable energy sources. These devices using renewable energy sources convert energy from the environment. Most of them are transforming energy from the sun, earth, water and air. This energy is then used directly for heating. In this article we will more closely deal with transforming solar energy into electricity using photovoltaic panels and we will focus on the interaction between the photovoltaic system and heating and cooling system, under certain conditions. Produced electric energy is used for heating system in the school building in Spišská Nová Ves in Slovakia.

scholarly journals Energy Policy of European Union Member States in the Context of Renewable Energy Sources Development

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2864
Author(s):  
Wiesław Musiał ◽  
Monika Zioło ◽  
Lidia Luty ◽  
Kamila Musiał
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Countries

As a consequence of increasing air pollution, the European Commission has decided to introduce special directives laying down the measures to achieve climate and energy neutrality. Renewable energy (RE) sources play an important role in the pursuit of these goals, which has been taken into account in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The aim of this article is to describe patterns and trends in the achievements of the energy policy of European Union (EU) countries in the field of renewable energy in sustainable development. The identification of leaders in this field gives the possibility to analyse actions taken by the governments of these countries and the possible implementation of the introduced solutions on the ground of individual Member States at the regional and national levels. At the beginning Main goal of energy policy on the field of renewable energy sources (RES) is to increase production from environmentally friendly sources that is why trends were determined in order to assess the rate of achievement of the national target for changes the share of energy from renewable sources in total gross energy consumption. Groups of similar countries were then identified on the basis of three indicators corresponding to the targets set in the climate and energy package. In the group of analysed countries, 14 have achieved the 2020 targets and 4 have exceeded the 2030 targets. The main renewable energy sources (RES) are biofuels, wind, and hydropower. In the assessment of the achievement of energy policy targets, the best situation was observed in the case of Denmark, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. These countries have significantly increased the share of renewable energy in total energy consumption. Compared to other EU countries, they have reduced the economy’s energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions the most.

scholarly journals Energy Self-Subsistence of Agriculture in EU Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3014
Author(s):  
Tomasz Rokicki ◽  
Marcin Ratajczak ◽  
Piotr Bórawski ◽  
Aneta Bełdycka-Bórawska ◽  
Barbara Gradziuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Economic Parameters

The paper’s main purpose was to identify the level and factors influencing the consumption of bioenergy of agricultural origin in agriculture in EU countries. All EU countries were deliberately selected for research, as of 31 December 2018. The research period covered the years 2004 to 2018. The sources of materials were the subject literature, Eurostat data, and IEA (International Energy Agency) data. The following methods were used for the analysis and presentation of materials: descriptive, tabular, graphical, Gini concentration coefficient, Lorenz concentration curve, descriptive statistics, Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. In the EU, there was a high level of concentration of renewable energy consumption in several countries. There was also no change in the use of bioenergy of agricultural origin in agriculture, but the concentration level was low. The degree of concentration has not changed for both parameters of renewable energy over a dozen or so years, which proves a similar pace of development of the use of renewable energy sources in individual EU countries. Higher consumption of bioenergy of agricultural origin in agriculture was shown to occur in economically developed countries, but with high agricultural production. There was a strong correlation between the consumption of bioenergy of agricultural origin in agriculture for the entire EU and individual economic parameters in the field of energy and agriculture. The relations were positive for all economic parameters, for total renewables and biofuels consumption and for agricultural production parameters. Negative relations concerned the total energy consumption and parameters related to the area of agricultural crops.

scholarly journals Empirical Research on the Relationship amongst Renewable Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and Foreign Direct Investment in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Janusz Grabara ◽  
Arsen Tleppayev ◽  
Malika Dabylova ◽  
Leonardus W. W. Mihardjo ◽  
Zdzisława Dacko-Pikiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
The Relationship

In this contemporary era, environmental problems spread at different levels in all countries of the world. Economic growth does not just depend on prioritizing the environment or improving the environmental situation. If the foreign direct investment is directed to the polluting industries, they will increase pollution and damage the environment. The purpose of the study is to consider the relationship between foreign direct investment in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan and economic growth and renewable energy consumption. The study is based on data obtained from 1992 to 2018. The results show that there is a two-way link between foreign direct investment and renewable energy consumption in the considered two countries. The Granger causality test approach is applied to explore the causal relationship between the variables. The Johansen co-integration test approach is also employed to test for a relationship. The empirical results verify the existence of co-integration between the series. The main factors influencing renewable energy are economic growth and electricity consumption. To reduce dependence on fuel-based energy sources, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan need to attract energy to renewable energy sources and implement energy efficiency based on rapid progress. This is because renewable energy sources play the role of an engine that stimulates the production process in the economy for all countries.

scholarly journals Energy benchmarking in educational buildings in the city of Kragujevac - possibilities for energy efficiency improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-114
Author(s):  
Ana Radojevic ◽  
Danijela Nikolic ◽  
Jasna Radulovic ◽  
Jasmina Skerlic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Energy Benchmarking

The implementation of energy efficiency measures and use of renewable energy sources in educational buildings can significantly contribute to reducing energy consumption, but also to CO2 emissions in the entire public sector. The paper shows the comparison of energy consumption indicators for 61 elementary school buildings which have previously been divided in 12 groups, according to the period of construction and size, based on the national typology called TABULA, as the first step of further study on how to use the renewable energy sources. The aim of this paper is to use the energy benchmarking process to select representative facilities which are suitable for applying renewable energy sources, for their further energy efficiency improvement. Indicators of annual specific electricity consumption and CO2 emissions per unit area [kWh/m2] and per user [kWh/user] were calculated. After that, from two groups (in which the highest electricity consumption and CO2 emissions are 68.37% and 74.53% of the total consumption/ emissions), one representative facility was selected.

Power System for Beautiful China

2021 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Vladimir P. Polevanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Power System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy Consumption ◽  
Leading Position

The growth in primary energy consumption in 2019 by 1.3% was provided by renewable energy sources and natural gas, which together provided 75% of the increase. China in the period 2010–2020 held a leading position in the growth of demand for energy resources, but according to forecasts, India will join it in the current decade.

The Effect of Population, Public Investments, and Economic Growth on Regional Renewable Energy Consumption in Turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. 491-504
Author(s):  
Özlem Karadağ Albayrak
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Public Investments

Making the use of renewable energy sources widespread is of paramount importance for Turkey as for all countries. In this regard, the determiners of renewable energy consumption have been investigated. The effect of determining or factors affecting the use of renewable energy sources on a regional scale to Turkey were examined with different qualitative and quantitative research techniques. In this study, the factors of economic growth, public investments, and population are analyzed by considering regional differences on the consumption of renewable energy resources. The effect of regional economic growth, regional public investments, and regional population on the amount of regional renewable energy consumption were investigated by using panel data of 26 statistical regions of Level-2 classification in the period between 2010-2018 in Turkey. The results obtained by the dynamic panel data analysis concluded that economic growth and public investments at the regional level increased renewable energy consumption while the population growth decreased.

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