scholarly journals Net-Metering vs. Net-Billing from the Investors Perspective—Impacts of Changes in RES Financing in Poland on the Profitability of a Joint Photovoltaic Panels and Heat Pump System

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Mariusz Trela ◽  
Anna Dubel
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Net Metering ◽  
The Impact

The paper explores the impacts of changes in renewable energy sources (RES) financing in Poland on the profitability of coupled photovoltaic panels and heat pump systems. The profitability analysis is conducted with the use of Net Present Value calculation and the return on investment period. The degree of change in profitability of using photovoltaic panels in Poland is dependent on the method of their financing. The analysis is carried out for two different photovoltaic support schemes: (1) the net-metering scheme currently in force in Poland; (2) the net-billing system scheduled for implementation in the year 2022. It is assumed for the analysis that two alternative heating and electricity supply systems for a single-family building will be operated: (a) a standard solution used in Poland consisting of a natural gas-fired boiler for heating and the purchase of electricity from the power grid, (b) an air/water heat pump used to heat the building, and electricity obtained from photovoltaic panels, also used to power the heat pump. A sensitivity analysis is carried out, examining the impact of several key parameters relevant for the profitability of such investments, such as average annual increase in the purchasing or selling prices of electricity, purchasing prices of natural gas, and inflation rate. The conclusions concern the possible consequences of introducing a new support scheme for photovoltaics in Poland. The highest profitability of all considered solutions is for the current scenario for heat pump and pv installation with the capacity to meet the demand in the last year of operation. The introduction of changes in the new RES law (2021) in Poland will reduce the profitability of investments in pv panels, leading to a slowdown in the investments in the pv installations.

scholarly journals Performance analysis of solar assisted ground coupled heat pump system in Latvia

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 22011
Author(s):  
Lana Migla ◽  
Andrejs Snegirjovs ◽  
Olga Shutenkova
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Ground Coupled Heat Pump ◽  
The Impact

Today, with the increased popularity and availability of renewable energy sources the question of ensuring a proper household heating, that is energy, is not as complicated as it used to be. Users are embracing the environmental sustainability stand and are turning to heat pumps and solar panels as means of providing heat for their homes. The geothermal heat pump and solar thermal panels energy efficiency rates coupled make these the perfect choice for those, who are concerned about the impact they make on the environment-aspiring to zero emission buildings. The combined system of solar thermal panels and ground source heat pump for heating capacity 13 kW will be developed. The main novelty is the investigation of a new type of a solar thermal accumulation tank. Hypothetically this solar assisted ground coupled heat pump system should reach COP rate 4 and reduce electricity demand consumption by 40%. To find out the truth of proposed thesis, the research will be carried out. Both simulation and real-life object data analysis will be performed. As a result, the potential of such a system in northern latitudes will be determined.

scholarly journals Efficiency and area demand of multi-layer ground heat exchanger using phase change of water

2019 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 02027
Author(s):  
Hauke Hirsch ◽  
Hans Petzold ◽  
John Grunewald
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Ground Heat Exchanger ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
German Standard ◽  
The Impact

We conducted numerical simulations of a heat pump system connected to a horizontal ground heat exchanger (HGHX), using a coupling of the hygro-thermal simulation software DELPHIN with Modelica. The aim was to study the influence of different HGHX sizes and assemblies as well as the impact of passive cooling on the systems efficiency. We found that the required ground area could be reduced by up to 70 % compared to the recommendation of German standard when the pipes are placed in multiple layers. Passive cooling is possible but has a negligible effect on the systems efficiency.

scholarly journals Development of Optimal Design Method for Ground-Source Heat-Pump System Using Particle Swarm Optimization

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4850
Author(s):  
Hyeongjin Moon ◽  
Jae-Young Jeon ◽  
Yujin Nam
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Geothermal Heat Pump ◽  
Building Load

The building sector is an energy-consuming sector, and the development of zero-energy buildings (ZEBs) is necessary to address this. A ZEB’s active components include a system that utilizes renewable energy. There is a heat-pump system using geothermal energy. The system is available regardless of weather conditions and time, and it has attracted attention as a high-performance energy system due to its stability and efficiency. However, initial investment costs are higher than other renewable energy sources. To solve this problem, design optimization for the capacity of geothermal heat-pump systems should be performed. In this study, a capacity optimization design of a geothermal heat-pump system was carried out according to building load pattern, and emphasis was placed on cost aspects. Building load patterns were modeled into hospitals, schools, and apartments, and, as a result of optimization, the total cost over 20 years in all building load patterns was reduced.

scholarly journals Natural gas engine driven heat pump system – a case study of an office building

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farshad Kimiaghalam
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Natural Gas Engine ◽  
Thunder Bay

An eQUEST model was developed to conduct a study of a natural gas engine driven heat pump (GEHP) for an office building in Woodstock, Ontario. The results were also compared with a roof-top unit to investigate annual potential energy saving using GEHP. The models were also calibrated with regression analysis which was obtained from measured data and validated with respect to ASHRAE Guideline 14-2002. The developed ad validated models were used to predict the performance of these system in different regions of Ontario; Toronto, Ottawa, Windsor and Thunder Bay. The results for five cities were compared in terms of annual energy, GHG and energy cost savings. It was concluded that Thunder Bay has the highest annual energy and GHG saving, while Toronto has the highest annual energy cost saving.

scholarly journals Study of stand-alone building heating system operating with renewable energy sources under moderate continental climate conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 289 ◽  
pp. 05005
Author(s):  
Ivan Sokolov ◽  
Artem Ryzhenkov ◽  
Elizaveta Tyabut
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Research University ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Heating Period ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System

The climatic conditions in Moscow limit to a certain extent the utilization of renewable energy sources for heat supply. Long heating period, relatively low average daily sunshine hours during heating period, and low outside temperatures act as barriers to realising the full potential of renewable energy sources. The paper presents an evaluation of feasibility and effectiveness of using various renewable energy sources in the heat supply system of Block 23 of the National research university «MPEI». The system arrangement for heat supply of the building with renewable energy sources is described. Experimental data have been obtained on the basis of this system. The calculated time dependences of building heat consumption and heat pump system (HPS) outputs are given. In addition, for the air-source heat pump system, the dependence on the outdoor temperature is given. Values of HPS efficiency indices are also presented. A comparative analysis of the efficiency of air-source HPS and liquid-to-liquid HPS with a geothermal circuit in winter conditions is carried out.

scholarly journals A comparative study of industrial heat supply based on second-law analysis and operating costs

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2203-2213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Wolf ◽  
Thomas Detzlhofer ◽  
Tobias Proll
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Saturated Steam ◽  
Heat Recovery Boiler ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System

In this paper, the thermodynamic and economic efficiency of three different heat supply processes are compared, based on exergy flows and costs of heat. A gas turbine process with a heat recovery boiler, a gas and steam turbine combined cycle process and a high temperature heat pump system recovering waste heat are analysed. The aim is to provide heat as 4 bar(abs) saturated steam. The economic analysis bases on the comparison of the consumption-related costs of heat, the capital-related costs of heat, and the operation-related costs of heat. The results show that the heat pump system has higher exergetic efficiency than the gas turbine or the gas turbine combined cycle process. For the consumption related costs, the economic calculation shows that the operation of a heat pump, working with a coefficient of performance of four and for a natural gas price of 25 ?/MWh, is the cheapest way of heat production as long as the electricity price is lower than 45 ?/MWh. For the period from January 2013 until June 2016 the total costs of heat, based on real gas and electricity prices from the European Energy Exchange, are calculated and analysed. The results show that the share of heat provided by the heat pump system varies between 45% and 76%. Especially in 2013 and 2014, the economic conditions for operating heat pumps were very good. Since October 2015 the natural gas prices have seen a decrease which favours industrial heat supply with combined heat and power systems.

scholarly journals Long-Term Temperature Evaluation of a Ground-Coupled Heat Pump System Subject to Groundwater Flow

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Nehed Jaziri ◽  
Jasmin Raymond ◽  
Nicoló Giordano ◽  
John Molson
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Ground Coupled Heat Pump ◽  
Darcy Flux ◽  
Advective Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Injection ◽  
The Impact

The performance of ground-coupled heat pump systems (GCHPs) operating under significant groundwater flow can be difficult to predict due to advective heat transfer in the subsurface. This is the case of the Carignan-Salières elementary school located on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River near Montréal, Canada. The building is heated and cooled with a GCHP system including 31 boreholes subject to varying groundwater flow conditions due to the proximity of an active quarry being irregularly dewatered. A study with the objective of predicting the borehole temperatures in order to anticipate potential operational problems was conducted, which provided an opportunity to evaluate the impact of groundwater flow. For this purpose, a numerical model was calibrated using a full-scale heat injection test and then run under different scenarios for a period of twenty years. The heat exchange capacity of the GCHP system is clearly enhanced by advection when the Darcy flux changes from 6 × 10−8 m s−1 (no dewatering) to 8 × 10−7 m s−1 (high dewatering). This study further suggests that even the lowest groundwater flow condition can be beneficial to avoid a progressive cooling of the subsurface due to the unbalanced building loads, which can have important impacts for design of new systems.

scholarly journals Environmental-economic analysis of the heating system for a single-family building

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00054
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Jachura
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Family Building

This paper discusses the use of modern and effective heating systems, using fossil fuels and renewable energy sources on the example of a comparative analysis of a gas boiler and heat pump for a single-family building. The aim of the work was to conduct a comparative analysis of heating systems in terms of energy, economy and ecology. The concepts of heating systems based on a gas boiler and a heat pump are proposed. An economic analysis based on the LCC and ecological method was carried out, related to the equivalent emission, in order to compare the degree of environmental nuisance of the proposed heat sources. For the building in question, a more advantageous solution was the use of a system based on a condensing gas boiler. The economic analysis shows that in the assumed life cycle (20 years), the total cost for a heating system based on a gas boiler is lower than in the case of a heat pump by 11%. Also, the initial costs in this variant are lower by nearly half compared to the heat pump system. Environmental analyzes have shown lower annual emissions of pollutants and a 6-fold lower equivalent emission for a gas-fired heating system.

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