scholarly journals Pump as Turbine for the Energy Recovery in a Water Distribution Network: Two Italian (Apulian) Case Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Gabriella Balacco ◽  
Mario Binetti ◽  
Tommaso Capurso ◽  
Michele Stefanizzi ◽  
Marco Torresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Reverse Mode ◽  
The Right

This paper expands on the results of the technical and economic feasibility analysis of substituting existing pressure reduction valves (PRVs) with pumps used as turbines (PaTs) in two real Italian water distribution networks (WDN), chosen as case studies, aiming at effective energy recovery. Water demand variability makes complex the selection of the right pump to be used as a turbine in a WDN maximizing its annual electric energy yield. Hence, this study describes an effective approach that permits us to identify the most suitable pumps, starting from the definition of the best efficiency points at which they should operate in reverse mode.

scholarly journals Speed and Pressure Controls of Pumps-as-Turbines Installed in Branch of Water-Distribution Network Subjected to Highly Variable Flow Rates

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo Carlo Alberizzi ◽  
Massimiliano Renzi ◽  
Maurizio Righetti ◽  
Giuseppe Roberto Pisaturo ◽  
Mosè Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Simulink Model ◽  
Operating Strategies

The use of Pumps-as-Turbines (PaTs) to replace hydraulic turbines as energy-recovery units in industrial and civil applications is widening the penetration of hydropower in small-scale plants. PaTs show advantages in terms of installation costs and the availability of solutions. Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) represent a potential application where PaTs can be installed to recover water-pressure energy. In this work, a MATLAB©–Simulink model of a WDN branch located in South-Tyrol (Italy) was developed. The flow rate of the WDN was assessed though a measurement campaign showing high daily variability, which negatively affect PaT performance. To let the machine operate close to the Best Efficiency Point (BEP), four different operating strategies were studied to meet the constraint of a fixed pressure equal to 4 bar downstream the WDN branch, required to supply water to users. A PaT speed control strategy was implemented, granting better exploitation of flow rates even in the presence of high daily fluctuations. Energy recovery was 23% higher than that of the reference thanks to an advanced strategy based on controlling PaT rotational speed when the flow rate is smaller than that of the design, and operating in off-design conditions when flow rate is higher than that of the BEP.

scholarly journals Pumps as turbines (PATs) in water distribution networks affected by intermittent service

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Puleo ◽  
Chiara Maria Fontanazza ◽  
Vincenza Notaro ◽  
Mauro De Marchis ◽  
Gabriele Freni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Monte Carlo Analysis ◽  
Gradient Algorithm ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Operational Parameters

A hydraulic model was developed in order to evaluate the potential energy recovery from the use of centrifugal pumps as turbines (PATs) in a water distribution network characterized by the presence of private tanks. The model integrates the Global Gradient Algorithm (GGA), with a pressure-driven model that permits a more realistic representation of the influence on the network behaviour of the private tanks filling and emptying. The model was applied to a real case study: a District Metered Area in Palermo (Italy). Three different scenarios were analysed and compared with a baseline scenario (Scenario 0 – no PAT installed) to identify the system configuration with added PATs that permits the maximal energy recovery without penalizing the hydraulic network performance. In scenarios involving PAT on service connections, the specification of PAT operational parameters was also evaluated by means of Monte Carlo Analysis. The centralized solution with a PAT installed downstream of the inlet node of the analysed district, combined with local PATs on the larger service connections, proves to be the most energy-efficient scenario.

scholarly journals Time Series Analyses and Modeling of Environmental Systems: Case Studies in Kuwait

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 380-387
Author(s):  
Jasem M. Alhumoud ◽  
Nourah Almeshaan
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Environmental Systems ◽  
Time Series Analyses

Background: Time series is a sequence of measurements made at regular time intervals. Tremendous work has been done on pipe break investigation and maintenance, using different models. However, the authors have not found any research work on pipe failures in water distribution networks using time series. Objective: The principal objective of this paper was to investigate the applications of time series analysis in modeling man-made (pipe breaks) and natural (rainfall) environmental systems. Methods: This objective was satisfied by employing the Time-Domain (Box-Jenkins) approach to assess two case studies in Kuwait of a water distribution network (pipe failures), and from rainfall rates measurement of a solid waste disposal site, respectively. The statistical analysis of these data was conducted with the aid of the BMDP and SAS computer software packages and by the use of the P2T programming procedure for the Box-Jenkins method. Results: The results showed a significant correlation between the data and the time series models provides good estimates of pipe reliability and rainfall measurements. Conclusion: Based on the significant results, time series analyses could and should be useful by water authorities in planning pipe maintenance and inspection. Moreover, it is recommended and it would be very useful to conduct similar studies on pipes carrying other fluids such as gas, air and oil.

Pump as turbine implementation in a dynamic numerical model: cost analysis for energy recovery in water distribution network

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro De Marchis ◽  
Gabriele Freni
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Method Of Characteristics ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Economical Benefit ◽  
Water Volumes

In complex systems characterized by the presence of private tanks and water scarcity conditions, water managers usually apply intermittent distribution, trying to reduce the water volumes supplied to the users and pipe leakages, or use pressure reduction valves for controlling pressure in the network. The application of pumps as turbines (PATs) appears as an alternative and sustainable solution to either control network pressure or produce energy. In the present paper, the economic benefit of PAT application in water distribution networks was investigated in a small district of Palermo network (Italy). The analysis of energy recovery, carried out by means of a numerical model based on the method of characteristics, shows that PATs can lead to a very attractive economical benefit in terms of energy production.

A study on appropriate investment of pipeline rehabilitation for water distribution network

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
A. Asakura ◽  
A. Koizumi ◽  
O. Odanagi ◽  
H. Watanabe ◽  
T. Inakazu
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Basis ◽  
Model Case

In Japan most of the water distribution networks were constructed during the 1960s to 1970s. Since these pipelines were used for a long period, pipeline rehabilitation is necessary to maintain water supply. Although investment for pipeline rehabilitation has to be planned in terms of cost-effectiveness, no standard method has been established because pipelines were replaced on emergency and ad hoc basis in the past. In this paper, a method to determine the maintenance of the water supply on an optimal basis with a fixed budget for a water distribution network is proposed. Firstly, a method to quantify the benefits of pipeline rehabilitation is examined. Secondly, two models using Integer Programming and Monte Carlo simulation to maximize the benefits of pipeline rehabilitation with limited budget were considered, and they are applied to a model case and a case study. Based on these studies, it is concluded that the Monte Carlo simulation model to calculate the appropriate investment for the pipeline rehabilitation planning is both convenient and practical.

scholarly journals Microgrid as a Cost-Effective Alternative to Rural Network Underground Cabling for Adequate Reliability

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna Uski ◽  
Erkka Rinne ◽  
Janne Sarsama
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Islanded Operation

Microgrids can be used for securing the supply of power during network outages. Underground cabling of distribution networks is another effective but conventional and expensive alternative to enhance the reliability of the power supply. This paper first presents an analysis method for the determination of microgrid power supply adequacy during islanded operation and, second, presents a comparison method for the overall cost calculation of microgrids versus underground cabling. The microgrid power adequacy during a rather long network outage is required in order to indicate high level of reliability of the supply. The overall cost calculation considers the economic benefits and costs incurred, combined for both the distribution network company and the consumer. Whereas the microgrid setup determines the islanded-operation power adequacy and thus the reliability of the supply, the economic feasibility results from the normal operations and services. The methods are illustrated by two typical, and even critical, case studies in rural distribution networks: an electric-heated detached house and a dairy farm. These case studies show that even in the case of a single consumer, a microgrid option could be more economical than network renovation by underground cabling of a branch in order to increase the reliability.

scholarly journals A New Device for Pressure Control and Energy Recovery in Water Distribution Networks

Water ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Sinagra ◽  
Vincenzo Sammartano ◽  
Gabriele Morreale ◽  
Tullio Tucciarelli
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
New Device

scholarly journals Optimal placement of valves in a water distribution network with CLP(FD)

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 731-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASSIMILIANO CATTAFI ◽  
MARCO GAVANELLI ◽  
MADDALENA NONATO ◽  
STEFANO ALVISI ◽  
MARCO FRANCHINI
Keyword(s):  
Logic Programming ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Constraint Logic Programming ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Isolation System

AbstractThis paper presents a new application of logic programming to a real-life problem in hydraulic engineering. The work is developed as a collaboration of computer scientists and hydraulic engineers, and applies Constraint Logic Programming to solve a hard combinatorial problem. This application deals with one aspect of the design of a water distribution network, i.e., the valve isolation system design. We take the formulation of the problem by Giustolisi and Savić (2008 Optimal design of isolation valve system for water distribution networks. InProceedings of the 10th Annual Water Distribution Systems Analysis Conference WDSA2008, J. Van Zyl, A. Ilemobade, and H. Jacobs, Eds.) and show how, thanks to constraint propagation, we can get better solutions than the best solution known in the literature for the Apulian distribution network. We believe that the area of the so-calledhydroinformaticscan benefit from the techniques developed in Constraint Logic Programming and possibly from other areas of logic programming, such as Answer Set Programming.

scholarly journals Technical note: Problem specific variators in a genetic algorithm for the optimization of drinking water networks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel van Laarhoven ◽  
Ina Vertommen ◽  
Peter van Thienen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Real World ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Utility Level ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution

Abstract. Genetic algorithms can be a powerful tool for the automated design of optimal drinking water distribution networks. Fast convergence of such algorithms is a crucial factor for successful practical implementation at the drinking water utility level. In this technical note, we therefore investigate the performance of a suite of genetic variators that was tailored to the optimisation of a least-cost network design. Different combinations of the variators are tested in terms of convergence rate and the robustness of the results during optimisation of the real world drinking water distribution network of Sittard, the Netherlands. The variator configurations that reproducibly reach the furthest convergence after 105 function evaluations are reported. In the future these may aid in dealing with the computational challenges of optimizing real world networks.

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