scholarly journals Pumps as turbines (PATs) in water distribution networks affected by intermittent service

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Puleo ◽  
Chiara Maria Fontanazza ◽  
Vincenza Notaro ◽  
Mauro De Marchis ◽  
Gabriele Freni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Monte Carlo Analysis ◽  
Gradient Algorithm ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Operational Parameters

A hydraulic model was developed in order to evaluate the potential energy recovery from the use of centrifugal pumps as turbines (PATs) in a water distribution network characterized by the presence of private tanks. The model integrates the Global Gradient Algorithm (GGA), with a pressure-driven model that permits a more realistic representation of the influence on the network behaviour of the private tanks filling and emptying. The model was applied to a real case study: a District Metered Area in Palermo (Italy). Three different scenarios were analysed and compared with a baseline scenario (Scenario 0 – no PAT installed) to identify the system configuration with added PATs that permits the maximal energy recovery without penalizing the hydraulic network performance. In scenarios involving PAT on service connections, the specification of PAT operational parameters was also evaluated by means of Monte Carlo Analysis. The centralized solution with a PAT installed downstream of the inlet node of the analysed district, combined with local PATs on the larger service connections, proves to be the most energy-efficient scenario.

Holistic planning methodology for long-term design and capacity expansion of water networks

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. Tanyimboh ◽  
P. Kalungi
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Capacity Expansion ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Planning Methodology

The application of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to help select the best option for the long-term design and capacity expansion of a water distribution network is described and applied to a sample network. The main criteria used are: reliability-based network performance; present value of construction, upgrading, failure and repair costs; and social and environmental issues. The AHP has been applied elsewhere on various problems, but not on the long-term upgrading of water distribution networks as proposed in this paper. The pipes are sized to carry maximum entropy flows using linear programming while the best upgrading sequence is identified using dynamic programming. The example demonstrates the effectiveness of the AHP as a systematic tool for assessing pareto-optimal designs based on the trade-offs between multiple criteria. The results demonstrate that the cheapest option is not necessarily the best when other factors e.g. performance and socio-environmental concerns are considered in an explicit way.

scholarly journals Speed and Pressure Controls of Pumps-as-Turbines Installed in Branch of Water-Distribution Network Subjected to Highly Variable Flow Rates

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo Carlo Alberizzi ◽  
Massimiliano Renzi ◽  
Maurizio Righetti ◽  
Giuseppe Roberto Pisaturo ◽  
Mosè Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Simulink Model ◽  
Operating Strategies

The use of Pumps-as-Turbines (PaTs) to replace hydraulic turbines as energy-recovery units in industrial and civil applications is widening the penetration of hydropower in small-scale plants. PaTs show advantages in terms of installation costs and the availability of solutions. Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) represent a potential application where PaTs can be installed to recover water-pressure energy. In this work, a MATLAB©–Simulink model of a WDN branch located in South-Tyrol (Italy) was developed. The flow rate of the WDN was assessed though a measurement campaign showing high daily variability, which negatively affect PaT performance. To let the machine operate close to the Best Efficiency Point (BEP), four different operating strategies were studied to meet the constraint of a fixed pressure equal to 4 bar downstream the WDN branch, required to supply water to users. A PaT speed control strategy was implemented, granting better exploitation of flow rates even in the presence of high daily fluctuations. Energy recovery was 23% higher than that of the reference thanks to an advanced strategy based on controlling PaT rotational speed when the flow rate is smaller than that of the design, and operating in off-design conditions when flow rate is higher than that of the BEP.

scholarly journals Functional Feasibility in Optimal Evaluation of Water Distribution Network Performances

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3404
Author(s):  
Flavia Fuso ◽  
Maria C. Cunha ◽  
Gianfranco Becciu
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
The Real ◽  
Operation Conditions

The traditional approach for the optimization of water distribution networks (WDNs) does not always lead to consistent solutions from an operational point of view. The latest optimization algorithms identify solutions that are “the best solutions” in mathematical terms but that can be less than robust against changes in operating conditions, resulting in the worst case in hydraulically infeasible configurations. Thus, this paper aims to provide a methodology that can synthesize the network performance capabilities under the change in operating conditions with two convergent strategies. The first consists of the implementation of new performance indices (PIs), the demand deficit and the pressure range, and the evaluation of their ability to criticality highlight in operating conditions. The second is the introduction of a new approach to weight the infeasible solutions in the final result, which are those inconsistent with the real hydraulic network performances. The analysis shows that the use of these new indices makes it easier to understand the behavior of the network and to identify any weaknesses. This is true if these indices consider the hydraulically inconsistent solutions that may arise from the simulations of different operation conditions; otherwise, results that poorly represent the real behavior of the network would be obtained.

Pump as turbine implementation in a dynamic numerical model: cost analysis for energy recovery in water distribution network

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro De Marchis ◽  
Gabriele Freni
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Method Of Characteristics ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Economical Benefit ◽  
Water Volumes

In complex systems characterized by the presence of private tanks and water scarcity conditions, water managers usually apply intermittent distribution, trying to reduce the water volumes supplied to the users and pipe leakages, or use pressure reduction valves for controlling pressure in the network. The application of pumps as turbines (PATs) appears as an alternative and sustainable solution to either control network pressure or produce energy. In the present paper, the economic benefit of PAT application in water distribution networks was investigated in a small district of Palermo network (Italy). The analysis of energy recovery, carried out by means of a numerical model based on the method of characteristics, shows that PATs can lead to a very attractive economical benefit in terms of energy production.

scholarly journals Pump as Turbine for the Energy Recovery in a Water Distribution Network: Two Italian (Apulian) Case Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Gabriella Balacco ◽  
Mario Binetti ◽  
Tommaso Capurso ◽  
Michele Stefanizzi ◽  
Marco Torresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Reverse Mode ◽  
The Right

This paper expands on the results of the technical and economic feasibility analysis of substituting existing pressure reduction valves (PRVs) with pumps used as turbines (PaTs) in two real Italian water distribution networks (WDN), chosen as case studies, aiming at effective energy recovery. Water demand variability makes complex the selection of the right pump to be used as a turbine in a WDN maximizing its annual electric energy yield. Hence, this study describes an effective approach that permits us to identify the most suitable pumps, starting from the definition of the best efficiency points at which they should operate in reverse mode.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Reliability Indices and Hydraulic Measures for Water Distribution Network Performance Evaluation

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2399
Author(s):  
Gimoon Jeong ◽  
Doosun Kang
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Reliability Index ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Reliability Indices ◽  
Overall Evaluation ◽  
Adequate Reliability

The performance of water distribution networks (WDNs) can be quantified by several types of hydraulic measure. In design and operation of a WDN, sufficient consideration should be given to system performance, and it would be inefficient to separately consider individual characteristics of hydraulic measures. Instead, various reliability indices have been developed and utilized to evaluate the performance of WDNs; however, deciding which index to use according to a particular WDN situation has not been investigated in sufficient depth. In this regard, this study analyzes the correlation between representative reliability indices and hydraulic measures to propose the most adequate reliability index according to the desired system performance in various situations. Specifically, six hydraulic measures representing system performance were selected from the viewpoint of redundancy, robustness, and serviceability. In addition, nine indices for estimating system reliability were classified based on theoretical backgrounds such as hydraulic, topological, entropic, and mixed approaches. The correlations between the nine indices and six measures were analyzed using 17 sample hypothetical networks with different layouts, under three water supply scenarios, and the overall evaluation results for each reliability index are presented through multi-criteria decision analysis.

scholarly journals Bounds on water quality sensor network performance from design choices and practical considerations

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. van Thienen ◽  
B. de Graaf ◽  
J. Hoogterp ◽  
J. van Summeren ◽  
A. Vogelaar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Sensor Placement ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Abstract Traditional approaches to optimal water quality sensor placement in drinking water distribution networks can be limiting, because they are oriented towards obtaining information and mitigating effects. Approaches optimizing the utility's response to contamination merit wider study and application. The performance of these different approaches is studied and discussed in this paper. It is also shown that practical considerations can impose significant limitations on the performance that can be achieved by a water quality sensor network. These aspects should be taken into account when optimizing sensor placement in a real drinking water distribution network.

A study on appropriate investment of pipeline rehabilitation for water distribution network

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
A. Asakura ◽  
A. Koizumi ◽  
O. Odanagi ◽  
H. Watanabe ◽  
T. Inakazu
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Basis ◽  
Model Case

In Japan most of the water distribution networks were constructed during the 1960s to 1970s. Since these pipelines were used for a long period, pipeline rehabilitation is necessary to maintain water supply. Although investment for pipeline rehabilitation has to be planned in terms of cost-effectiveness, no standard method has been established because pipelines were replaced on emergency and ad hoc basis in the past. In this paper, a method to determine the maintenance of the water supply on an optimal basis with a fixed budget for a water distribution network is proposed. Firstly, a method to quantify the benefits of pipeline rehabilitation is examined. Secondly, two models using Integer Programming and Monte Carlo simulation to maximize the benefits of pipeline rehabilitation with limited budget were considered, and they are applied to a model case and a case study. Based on these studies, it is concluded that the Monte Carlo simulation model to calculate the appropriate investment for the pipeline rehabilitation planning is both convenient and practical.

scholarly journals A New Device for Pressure Control and Energy Recovery in Water Distribution Networks

Water ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Sinagra ◽  
Vincenzo Sammartano ◽  
Gabriele Morreale ◽  
Tullio Tucciarelli
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
New Device

scholarly journals Optimal placement of valves in a water distribution network with CLP(FD)

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 731-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASSIMILIANO CATTAFI ◽  
MARCO GAVANELLI ◽  
MADDALENA NONATO ◽  
STEFANO ALVISI ◽  
MARCO FRANCHINI
Keyword(s):  
Logic Programming ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Constraint Logic Programming ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Isolation System

AbstractThis paper presents a new application of logic programming to a real-life problem in hydraulic engineering. The work is developed as a collaboration of computer scientists and hydraulic engineers, and applies Constraint Logic Programming to solve a hard combinatorial problem. This application deals with one aspect of the design of a water distribution network, i.e., the valve isolation system design. We take the formulation of the problem by Giustolisi and Savić (2008 Optimal design of isolation valve system for water distribution networks. InProceedings of the 10th Annual Water Distribution Systems Analysis Conference WDSA2008, J. Van Zyl, A. Ilemobade, and H. Jacobs, Eds.) and show how, thanks to constraint propagation, we can get better solutions than the best solution known in the literature for the Apulian distribution network. We believe that the area of the so-calledhydroinformaticscan benefit from the techniques developed in Constraint Logic Programming and possibly from other areas of logic programming, such as Answer Set Programming.

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