scholarly journals Linking Vegetation, Soil Carbon Stocks, and Earthworms in Upland Coniferous–Broadleaf Forests

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1179
Author(s):  
Anastasiia I. Kuznetsova ◽  
Anna P. Geraskina ◽  
Natalia V. Lukina ◽  
Vadim E. Smirnov ◽  
Elena V. Tikhonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Mineral Layer ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Organic Horizons ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks ◽  
The Impact

Linking vegetation, soil biota, and soil carbon stocks in forests has a high predictive value. The specific aim of this study was to identify the relationships between vegetation, earthworms, and soil carbon stocks in nine types of forests dominating autonomous landscape positions in a coniferous–broadleaf forest zone of the European part of Russia. Mountain forests were selected in the Northwest Caucasus, while plain forests were selected in Bryansk Polesie and on the Moskva-Oka plain. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and v-tests were used to assess the impact of different factors on soil C stocks. To assess the contribution of vegetation, litter quality, and earthworms to variation of carbon stocks in organic (FH-layer) and mineral layer (0–50 cm), the method of hierarchical partitioning was performed. The highest C stocks in the organic horizons were associated with the low-quality litter, i.e., with a low base saturation, high acidity, and wide C/N ratio. The highest soil C stocks in the mineral layers were found in mixed forests with the highest richness of plant species, producing litterfall of different quality. The С stock in the organic horizon was negatively related to the biomass of worms that process the litter, while the carbon stock in the mineral layers was positively related to the biomass of worms whose life activity is related to the mineral layers. These findings demonstrated the substantial influence of plants producing a litter of different quality, and of earthworms, belonging to different functional groups, on soil С stocks in coniferous–broadleaf forests.

Potential contribution by cotton roots to soil carbon stocks in irrigated Vertosols

Soil Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Hulugalle ◽  
T. B. Weaver ◽  
L. A. Finlay ◽  
N. W. Luelf ◽  
D. K. Y. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Root Death ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks

The well-documented decline in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in Australian cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growing Vertosols has been primarily analysed in terms of inputs from above-ground crop residues, with addition to soil C by root materials being little studied. Potential contribution by cotton roots to soil carbon stocks was evaluated between 2002 and 2008 in 2 ongoing long-term experiments near Narrabri, north-western New South Wales. Experiment 1 consisted of cotton monoculture sown either after conventional tillage or on permanent beds, and a cotton–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation on permanent beds; Experiment 2 consisted of 4 cotton-based rotation systems sown on permanent beds: cotton monoculture, cotton–vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), cotton–wheat, and cotton–wheat–vetch. Roundup-Ready™ (genetically modified) cotton varieties were sown until 2005, and Bollgard™ II-Roundup Ready™-Flex™ varieties thereafter. Root growth in the surface 0.10 m was measured with the core-break method using 0.10-m-diameter cores. A subsample of these cores was used to evaluate relative root length and root C concentrations. Root growth in the 0.10–1.0 m depth was measured at 0.10-m depth intervals with a ‘Bartz’ BTC-2 minirhizotron video microscope and I-CAP image capture system (‘minirhizotron’). The video camera was inserted into clear, plastic acrylic minirhizotron tubes (50-mm-diameter) installed within each plot, 30° from the vertical. Root images were captured 4–5 times each season in 2 orientations, left and right side of each tube, adjacent to a furrow, at each time of measurement and the images analysed to estimate selected root growth indices. The indices evaluated were the length and number of live roots at each time of measurement, number of roots which changed length, number and length of roots which died (i.e. disappeared between times of measurement), new roots initiated between times of measurement, and net change in root numbers and length. These measurements were used to derive root C turnover between times of measurements, root C added to soil through intra-seasonal root death, C in roots remaining at end of season, and the sum of the last 2 indices: root C potentially available for addition to soil C stocks. Total seasonal cotton root C potentially available for addition to soil C stocks ranged between ~50 and 400 g/m2 (0.5 and 4 t/ha), with intra-seasonal root death contributing 25–70%. These values are ~10–60% of that contributed by above-ground crop residues. As soil organic carbon in irrigated Vertosols can range between 40 and 60 t/ha, it is unlikely that cotton roots will contribute significantly to soil carbon stocks in irrigated cotton farming systems. Seasonal root C was reduced by cotton monoculture, stress caused by high insect numbers, and sowing Bollgard II varieties; and increased by sowing non-Bollgard II varieties and wheat rotation crops. Permanent beds increased root C but leguminous rotation crops did not. Climatic factors such as cumulative day-degrees and seasonal rainfall were positively related to seasonal root C. Root C turnover was, in general, highest during later vegetative/early reproductive growth. Large variations in root C turnover and seasonal C indices occurred due to a combination of environmental, management and climatic factors.

scholarly journals A cost-efficient method to assess carbon stocks in tropical peat soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 7049-7071 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Warren ◽  
J. B. Kauffman ◽  
D. Murdiyarso ◽  
G. Anshari ◽  
K. Hergoualc'h ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Tropical Wetlands ◽  
Carbon Density ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks ◽  
Soil Carbon Density

Abstract. Estimation of soil carbon stocks in tropical wetlands requires costly laboratory analyses and suitable facilities, which are often lacking in developing nations where most tropical wetlands are found. It is therefore beneficial to develop simple yet robust analytical tools to assess soil carbon stocks where financial and technical limitations are common. Here we use published and original data to describe soil carbon density (gC cm−3; Cd) as a function of bulk density (g dry soil cm−3; Bd), which can be used to estimate belowground carbon storage using Bd measurements only. Predicted carbon densities and stocks are compared with those obtained from direct carbon analysis for ten peat swamp forest stands in three national parks of Indonesia. Analysis of soil carbon density and bulk density from the literature indicated a strong linear relationship (Cd = Bd × 0.49 + 4.61, R2 = 0.96, n = 94) for soils with an organic C content >40%. As organic C content decreases, the relationship between Cd and Bd becomes less predictable as soil texture becomes an important determinant of Cd. The equation predicted soil C stocks to within 0.39% to 7.20% of observed values. When original data were included in the analysis, the revised equation: Cd = Bd × 0.48 + 4.28, R2 = 0.96, n = 678 was well within the 95% confidence intervals of the original equation, and tended to decrease Cd estimates slightly. We recommend this last equation for a rapid estimation of soil C stocks for well developed peat soils where C content >40%.

scholarly journals Agro-forestry Systems as a Means to Achieve Carbon Co-benefits in Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Roshan M. Bajracharya ◽  
Him Lal Shrestha ◽  
Ramesh Shakya ◽  
Bishal K. Sitaula
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks ◽  
Agro Forestry

Land management regimes and forest types play an important role in the productivity and accumulation of terrestrial carbon pools. While it is commonly accepted that forests enhance carbon sequestration and conventional agriculture causes carbon depletion, the effects of agro-forestry are not well documented. This study investigated the carbon stocks in biomass and soil, along with the selected soil properties in agro-forestry plots compared to community forests (CF) and upland farms in Chitwan, Gorkha and Rasuwa districts of Central Nepal during the year 2012-2013. We determined the total above ground biomass carbon, soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and soil properties (bulk density, organic carbon per cent, pH, total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (P), exchangeable potassium (K), and cation exchange capacity (CEC)) on samples taken from four replicates of 500 m2 plots each in community forests, agro-forestry systems and agricultural land. The soil was sampled in two increments at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depths and intact cores removed for bulk density and SOC determination, while loose samples were separately collected for the laboratory analysis of other soil properties. The mean SOC percent and corresponding soil carbon stocks to 30 cm depth were generally highest in CF (3.71 and 3.69 per cent, and 74.98 and 76.24 t ha-1, respectively), followed by leasehold forest (LHF) (2.26 and 1.13 per cent and 40.72 and 21.34 t ha-1, respectively) and least in the agricultural land (3.05 and 1.09 per cent, and 63.54 and 19.42 t ha-1, respectively). This trend was not, however, observed in Chitwan, where agriculture (AG) had the highest SOC content (1.98 per cent) and soil carbon stocks (42.5 t ha-1), followed by CF (1.8 per cent and 41.2 t ha-1) and leasehold forests (1.56 per cent and 35.3 t ha-1) although the differences were not statistically significant. Other soil properties were not significantly different among land use types with the exceptions of pH, total N, available P and CEC in the Chitwan plots. Typically, SOC and soil carbon stocks (to 30cm depth) were positively correlated with each other and with TN and CEC. The AGB-C was expectantly highest in Rasuwa district CF (ranging from 107.3 to 260.3 t ha-1) due to dense growth and cool climate, followed by Gorkha (3.1 to 118.4 t ha-1), and least in Chitwan (17.6 to 95.2 t ha-1). The highest C stocks for agro-forestry systems in both above ground and soil were observed in Rasuwa, followed by Chitwan district. Besides forests, agro-forestry systems also hold good potential to store and accumulate carbon, hence they have scope for contributing to climate change mitigation and adaptation with co-benefits.Journal of Forest and Livelihood 13(1) May, 2015, page: 56-68

A preliminary assessment of the impact of landslide, earthflow, and gully erosion on soil carbon stocks in New Zealand

Geomorphology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
pp. 93-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Les Basher ◽  
Harley Betts ◽  
Ian Lynn ◽  
Mike Marden ◽  
Stephen McNeill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Gully Erosion ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Soil carbon stocks and their variability across the woodlands of peninsular Spain

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 10913-10936
Author(s):  
E. Doblas-Miranda ◽  
P. Rovira ◽  
L. Brotons ◽  
J. Martínez-Vilalta ◽  
J. Retana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Peninsular Spain

Abstract. Global warming effects in our ecosystems could be offset by reducing carbon emissions and protecting and increasing carbon stocks. Accurate estimates of carbon stocks and fluxes of soil organic carbon (SOC) are thus needed to asses the impact of climate and land-use change on soil C uptake and soil C emissions to the atmosphere. Here, we present an assessment of SOC stocks in woodlands (forest, shrublands and grasslands) of peninsular Spain based on field measurements in more than 900 soil profiles. Estimations of soil C stocks for the 7 796 306 plots of the Spanish Forest Map (24.3 × 106 ha.) were carried out using a statistical model that included, as explanatory variables, vegetation cover, parent material, soil consistency, mean annual temperature, total annual precipitation and elevation, and the influence of spatial correlation. We present what we believe is the most reliable estimation of current SOC in woodlands of peninsular Spain thus far, based on the considered predictors, the high number of profiles and the validity and refinement of the data layers employed. Mean concentration of SOC was 8.8 kg m−2, which is slightly higher than that presented in previous studies. This value corresponds to a total stock of 2574 Tg SOC, which is four times the amount of carbon estimated to be stored in the biomass of Spanish forests. Climate and vegetation cover were the main variables influencing SOC, with important ecological implications for peninsular Spanish ecosystems in the face of global change. The fact that SOC was positively related to annual precipitation and negatively related to mean annual temperature suggests that future climate change may strongly reduce the potential of Spanish soils as carbon sinks. However, this may be mediated by changes in vegetation cover (e.g., by favouring the development of forests associated to higher SOC values) and threatened by perturbations such as fire. The estimations presented here should improve our capacity to respond to global change by carbon stocks conservation and management.

Effects of afforestation and deforestation on boreal soil carbon stocks—Comparison of measured C stocks with Yasso07 model results

Geoderma ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 164 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Karhu ◽  
A. Wall ◽  
P. Vanhala ◽  
J. Liski ◽  
M. Esala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks

scholarly journals Importance of resilient pastures for New Zealand’s agricultural soil carbon stocks

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Wall ◽  
Jordan Goodrich ◽  
Louis Schipper
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Supplemental Feed ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks ◽  
Below Ground

New Zealand’s agricultural pastures contain significant soil carbon (C) stocks that are susceptible to change when impacted by management and natural processes (e.g., climate). Inputs of C to these pastoral soils is through photosynthetic uptake of atmospheric CO2 either on-site or elsewhere. Changes in soil C stocks are in response to the management of the system that alters the input-output balance. Increasing the resilience of pastures to climatic events such as hot and dry summers or cool and wet winters can increase inputs of C to the soil while sustaining above-ground production and so provide an opportunity for C sequestration. Furthermore, increased pasture for grazing can reduce the need for management practices identified as detrimental for soil C stocks such as irrigation or the production of cropped supplemental feed. A reduction in the need for renewal and its associated soil C losses, and the establishment of a more diverse sward, especially if deeper-rooting species are included, has the potential for increasing soil C stocks provided the diversity can be maintained. From a soil C perspective, a resilient pasture maximises CO2 uptake to ensure adequate above- and below-ground inputs to maintain or increase soil C stocks and minimise the need for management activities detrimental to soil C.

scholarly journals Assessment of soil carbon stocks in several peatland covers in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 914 (1) ◽  
pp. 012045
Author(s):  
C A Siregar ◽  
B H Narendra
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Peat Swamp Forest ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Peat Swamp ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks ◽  
Different Depths

Abstract Changes in the soil carbon (C) stocks of degraded peatlands due to drainage, fire, or conversion of forest cover have not been studied much. This study aims to determine the characteristics of soil C stocks in degraded peatland covers due to logging and fire. The research was carried out on peatlands located in three villages representing peatland cover conditions in the form of primary/pristine peat swamp forest, logged-over forest, and post-fire peatland. Peat samples from each type of peatland cover were analyzed to determine the bulk density (BD) and C concentration. The results showed that peatland on the logged-over forest has the highest BD (0.135 gr cm−3) compared to the other sites. Based on the distribution of peat depth, the lowest BD was mainly found at the surface peat layers and increased significantly with the depth of peat. The C concentration with the mean value of 57.6% showed no significant differences among the three locations and at different depths. Soil C stocks in the upper one-meter depth were 621, 779, and 606 Mg ha−1 in the peat swamp forest, logged-over forest, and post-fire peatland, respectively. The total soil C stocks were ultimately determined by the peat thickness in the area.

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