scholarly journals Comparing Rooting Ability and Physiological Changes of Two Eucommia ulmoides Improved Varieties

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1267
Author(s):  
Gengxin Lv ◽  
Jun Qing ◽  
Hongyan Du ◽  
Qingxin Du ◽  
Yide Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zeatin Riboside ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Acid Oxidase ◽  
Eucommia Ulmoides ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Rooting Ability ◽  
Physiological Indexes ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid Oxidase ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

Eucommia ulmoides (E. ulmoides) is a significant national strategic resource in China. It is a natural high quality rubber resource, with great development potential. We found large differences in rooting ability during adventitious root (AR) formation in two E. ulmoides improved varieties. Therefore, we used two improved varieties of E. ulmoides, ‘Huazhong 6’ (H6, with rooting rate 85.3%) and ‘Huazhong 8’ (H8, with rooting rate 22.5%) to explore the cutting rooting mechanism. In this study, we mainly determined the morphological development process of E. ulmoides cutting rooting, and compared the rooting-related indexes of the two improved varieties, and the changes in physiological indexes closely related to rooting, which include endogenous hormones, oxidases and nutrients in the phloem of the basal stem. The results showed that indole–3–acetic acid (IAA), zeatin riboside (ZR), IAA/ZR and indoleacetic acid oxidase (IAAO) were the key factors that caused big differences in rooting ability between the two E. ulmoides improved varieties. The increase in endogenous hormone IAA content and IAA/ZR value were necessary for the formation of AR. The increase in IAA content was beneficial to AR formation. The activity of IAAO was significantly negatively correlated with the rooting ability of the E. ulmoides cuttings. The high IAAO activity of the H8 cuttings led to the consumption of IAA. Although the content of IAA increased, the rooting conditions were not reached. The accumulation of nutrients before rooting also has an important effect on rooting; it is easy for cuttings to root when the carbon–nitrogen ratio (C/N) value is high. This research provides an improved understanding of the cellular and physiological underpinnings of the AR process in woody plants. In addition, it provides a theoretical basis and foundation for subsequent research on E. ulmoides cuttage technology.

Environmental significance of atrazine in aqueous systems and its removal by biological processes: an overview

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-178 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Environmental Significance ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Living Organisms

Atrazine, a chlorinated s-triazine group of herbicide is one of the most widely used pesticides in the World. Due to its extensive use, long half-life and various toxic properties, it has very high environmental significance. Up to 22 mg l-1 of atrazine was found in ground water whereas permissible limit of atrazine is in ppb level in drinking water. As per Indian standard there should not be any pesticide present in drinking water. Among many other treatment processes available, Incineration, adsorption, chemical treatment, phytoremediation and biodegradation are the most commonly used ones. Biological degradation of atrazine depends upon various factors like the operating environment, external carbon and nitrogen sources, carbon/ nitrogen ratio (C/N), water content and the bacterial strain. Although, general atrazine degradation pathways are available, the specific pathways in specific conditions are not yet clearly defined. In this paper extensive review has been made on the occurrence of atrazine in surface and ground water bodies, probable sources and causes of its occurrence in water environment, the toxicity of atrazine on various living organisms and its removal by biological processes.

scholarly journals Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Bok Choy Growth and Quality in Hydroponic Cultures

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Kazuki Kano ◽  
Hiroaki Kitazawa ◽  
Keitaro Suzuki ◽  
Ani Widiastuti ◽  
Hiromitsu Odani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Steep Liquor

Effects of corn steep liquor (organic fertilizer, OF) and conventional chemical fertilizer (CF) on the growth and yield of bok choy (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) in summer and autumn hydroponic growing systems were compared. When OF and CF were applied with the same amount of total nitrogen in summer cultivation, there was no significant difference between yields; however, the growth rate in OF was slower than in CF. When OF was applied with twice the amount of nitrogen in CF (OF2), bok choy growth and yield were significantly inhibited in summer cultivation, likely owing to dissolved oxygen deficiency and different rates of nitrification and nitrogen absorbance by the plant root. Although the contents of potassium, calcium, and magnesium in bok choy showed no difference among the three treatments in both cultivation seasons, the carbon/nitrogen ratio tended to be higher in OF and OF2 than in CF. Lower nitric acid and higher ascorbic acid content was found in OF and OF2 than in CF. Overall, our results suggest that a comparable yield is expected by using the same nitrogen amount with a conventional recipe of chemical fertilization in autumn cultivation. However, further improvement of hydroponic management is needed in summer cultivation.

scholarly journals The contributions and mechanisms of iron-microbes-biochar in constructed wetlands for nitrate removal from low carbon/nitrogen ratio wastewater

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (39) ◽  
pp. 23212-23220
Author(s):  
Jian Xu ◽  
Xiawei Liu ◽  
Jiaolong Huang ◽  
Manqi Huang ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Schematic Diagram ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

Schematic diagram of RDCWs system and proposed mechanisms for nitrate removal.

scholarly journals Effect of Manganese Toxicity on the Indoleacetic Acid Oxidase System of Cotton

1966 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 718-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Page W. Morgan ◽  
Howard E. Joham ◽  
J. V. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Manganese Toxicity ◽  
Acid Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase System ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid Oxidase

scholarly journals The use of the carbon/nitrogen ratio and specific organic loading rate as tools for improving biohydrogen production in fixed-bed reactors

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélida del Pilar Anzola-Rojas ◽  
Samantha Gonçalves da Fonseca ◽  
Cynthia Canedo da Silva ◽  
Valeria Maia de Oliveira ◽  
Marcelo Zaiat
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Biohydrogen Production ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

Development and quantitative measurement of microsclerotia of Verticillium dahliae

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2097-2102 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hall ◽  
H. Ly
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Low Glucose ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Hyaline Material

The development of microsclerotia of Verticillium dahliae from a few swollen hyaline cells on a hypha to a multicellular, pigmented "mature" structure is described and illustrated. A method for quantitatively estimating the amount of pigmented microsclerotial material in pure cultures was developed to study quantitative relations between mycelial growth and production of microsclerotial material in media containing different concentrations of glucose. At low glucose concentrations (0.6 to 10 mg/ml) microsclerotial material continued to increase after total dry weight of the cultures had reached a maximum, suggesting conversion of hyaline to pigmented material. At high glucose concentrations (20 to 60 mg/ml) the patterns of increase in total dry weight, microsclerotial material, and hyaline material were similar over a 4-week incubation period. Maximum production of both pigmented and hyaline materials occurred at a glucose concentration of 30 mg/ml (carbon/nitrogen ratio of 50/1).

scholarly journals Optimisation of pH, Temperature and Carbon Nitrogen Ratio for the Degradation of m-Chlorophenol by Pseudomonas putida CP1

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANM Fakhruddin ◽  
M Alamgir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Chlorine Substituent ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

Aromatic pollutants like m-chlorophenol is toxic to the environment and chlorophenol containing a metachlorine are more persistent under aerobic conditions than compounds lacking a chlorine substituent in positions meta to hydroxyl group. Therefore, it should be removed effectively from the environment. In order to increase the degradative activity, the optimum conditions for m-chlorophenol degradation by Pseudomonas putida CP1, some physicochemical conditions like pH, temperature and carbon nitrogen ratio for the growth and degradation of most persistent monochlorophenol, m-chlorophenol by the organism was optimised. The pH optimum for m-chlorophenol degradation by the bacterium was between pH 6.5 and 7.0 and the temperature optimum was 30°C for removal activity. Carbon : nitrogen (C:N) ratio of 3:1 was found best for effective removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and m-chlorophenol by the bacterium. Keywords: m-Chlorophenol degradation, Pseudomonas putida CP1, Chemical oxygen demand (COD)DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v23i2.884  Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 23, Number 2, December 2006, pp 159-161

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