Pathogenicity of Phytophthora × alni Isolates Obtained from Symptomatic Trees, Soil and Water against Alder

Phytophthora alni complex (P. × alni, P. × multiformis, P. uniformis) are pathogens attacking alder seedlings and trees, causing significant losses in nurseries and natural tree stands. Decay of alder trees has been observed in Poland for over a dozen years. Overall, 25 Polish isolates of P. × alni obtained from symptomatic alder trunks, rhizosphere soil surrounding infected trees, and nearby natural streams were compared with isolates from symptomatic trunks obtained in France, Belgium and Hungary. Morphologic characterization of mycelium, vegetative and generative organs, temperature effect on mycelium growth, and their pathogenicity were studied. The mycelium growth rate of isolates from symptomatic plants was fastest on Carrot Agar (CA) medium, and from soil and water on Vegetable Agar (V8A) medium. The sizes of zoosporangia varied depending on their origin. The isolates that originated from the soil had the largest zoosporangia. The diameter of the oogonia and antheridia did not differ regardless of their origin. The results of pathogenicity tests of P. × alni isolates obtained from different sources showed that the soil isolates were the most aggressive in each test, followed by the isolates from the trunks and water. A simple test of leaf colonization can give an idea of the aggressiveness of the isolate towards the shoots and roots. No morphological or physiological markers of aggressiveness have been found.

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Characterization of phenol-degrading fungi isolated from industrial waste water in Malaysia

Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology ◽

10.35118/apjmbb.2019.027.2.05 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 35-43

Author(s):

Nadila Hanafee ◽

Nor 'Azzah Mohd Salleh ◽

Siti Aqlima Ahmad ◽

Wan Zuhainis Saad ◽

Mohd Termizi Yusof

Keyword(s):

Industrial Waste ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Its Sequence ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Industrial Waste Water ◽

Mycelium Growth ◽

Penicillium Janthinellum ◽

Its Sequence Analysis ◽

Soil And Water

Microorganisms have the ability to degrade phenol. However, in Malaysia, there are lack of study on indigenous microorganisms (fungi) that have the ability to degrade phenol. A total of 141 phenol-degrading fungi isolates were isolated from soil and water samples collected from various industrial areas located in Malaysia. The fungi isolate N12 P6C3 was chosen based on its high efficiency in degrading phenol. The fungi isolate N12 P6C3 isolated from a heavy metal factory, Dungun, Terengganu was able to degrade 700 mg/L of phenol within 6 days and the mycelium growth had increased to 0.25 g. The phylogenetic tree based on the ITS sequence analysis confirmed that the fungal identity was closely related to Penicillium janthinellum strain ATCC 4845. The optimum conditions of this fungus to degrade phenol was attained at temperature of 35°C, ammonium sulphate at 3 g/L, 0.05 g/L of sodium chloride, and pH 6. The ability of P. janthinellum strain N12 P6C3 in the degradation of phenol may provide additional knowledge on locally isolated phenol-degrading fungi which could contribute towards phenol waste management in Malaysia.

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Microfluidic Tools for Enhanced Characterization of Therapeutic Stem Cells and Prediction of Their Potential Antimicrobial Secretome

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10070750 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 750

Author(s):

Pasquale Marrazzo ◽

Valeria Pizzuti ◽

Silvia Zia ◽

Azzurra Sargenti ◽

Daniele Gazzola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Live Cells ◽

Label Free ◽

Bacterial Diseases ◽

Prospective Application ◽

Therapy Strategies ◽

Stromal Stem Cells ◽

Different Sources

Antibiotic resistance is creating enormous attention on the development of new antibiotic-free therapy strategies for bacterial diseases. Mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSCs) are the most promising candidates in current clinical trials and included in several cell-therapy protocols. Together with the well-known immunomodulatory and regenerative potential of the MSC secretome, these cells have shown direct and indirect anti-bacterial effects. However, the low reproducibility and standardization of MSCs from different sources are the current limitations prior to the purification of cell-free secreted antimicrobial peptides and exosomes. In order to improve MSC characterization, novel label-free functional tests, evaluating the biophysical properties of the cells, will be advantageous for their cell profiling, population sorting, and quality control. We discuss the potential of emerging microfluidic technologies providing new insights into density, shape, and size of live cells, starting from heterogeneous or 3D cultured samples. The prospective application of these technologies to studying MSC populations may contribute to developing new biopharmaceutical strategies with a view to naturally overcoming bacterial defense mechanisms.

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Characterization of ACC deaminase gene inPseudomonas entomophilastrain PS-PJH isolated from the rhizosphere soil

Journal of Basic Microbiology ◽

10.1002/jobm.200900171 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. NA-NA

Author(s):

Seralathan Kamala-Kannan ◽

Kui-Jae Lee ◽

Seung-Moon Park ◽

Jong-Chan Chae ◽

Bong-Sik Yun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Acc Deaminase

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Geochemical and Petrological Characterization of Ash Samples from Cascade Range Volcanoes

Quaternary Research ◽

10.1016/0033-5894(71)90046-9 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 261-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Keith Randle ◽

Gordon G. Goles ◽

Laurence R. Kittleman

Keyword(s):

Pacific Northwest ◽

Volcanic Ash ◽

Cascade Range ◽

Crystalline Material ◽

Refractive Indices ◽

Crystalline Materials ◽

The Pacific ◽

Volcanic Ashes ◽

Different Sources

Twenty-nine samples of volcanic ash from the Pacific Northwest were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation techniques, with the aim of distinguishing among ashes from different sources. Preliminary results of petrographic studies of 42 ash or pumice samples are also reported. Geochemical characteristics of Mazama ash are defined, and problems induced by winnowing of crystalline material during transport and by weathering are discussed. Contents of La, Th, and Co, and La/Yb ratios are shown to be good discriminants. Data on refractive indices and on proportions of crystalline materials also aid in distinguishing among the various volcanic ashes studied. Ash and pumice found in archaeological contexts at Fort Rock Cave, Paisley Cave, Wildcat Canyon, and Hobo Cave are all from Mount Mazama, presumably from the culminating cruption of 7000 years ago.

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EDL933 Strains of Escherichia coli O157 can Demonstrate Genetic Diversity and Differential Adherence to Bovine Recto-Anal Junction Squamous Epithelial Cells

The Open Microbiology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874285802115010129 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 129-138

Author(s):

Raegan S. Hoefler ◽

Indira T. Kudva

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Wild Type ◽

Cell Adherence ◽

O157 Strain ◽

Shiga Toxins ◽

The Us ◽

Strain Type ◽

Enterocyte Effacement ◽

Different Sources

Background: Differences between Escherichia coli O157 (O157) strains are well-established with some of these strains being associated with major outbreaks in the US. EDL933 is one such O157 strain that caused a multistate outbreak in 1982 and has since been used as a prototype in various O157-related experiments. Objective: As O157 can readily acquire genetic mutations, we sought to determine if the genetic and phenotypic profiles of EDL933 strains from different sources would be consistent. Methods: We evaluated wild-type O157 strains stocked as EDL933 from three different laboratories, in the strain typing Polymorphic Amplified Typing Sequence (PATS) and the bovine rectal-anal junction squamous epithelial (RSE) cell- and HEp-2 cell- adherence assays. In addition, we also verified if Shiga toxins (Stx), the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement (LEE) or curli fimbriae contributed to the adherence phenotypes observed using mutant and wild-type EDL933 isolates. Results: Our results showed differences in PATS profiles and RSE cell-adherence phenotype, with no influence from the Stx or LEE genes, between EDL933 from different sources. Interestingly, the EDL933 strain that demonstrated the most contrasting diffuse adherence phenotype on RSE cells, EDL933-T, had decreased curli production that may have contributed to this phenotype. Conclusion: Our observations suggest that a comprehensive characterization of bacterial isolates, even if assigned to the same strain type prior to use in experiments, is warranted to ensure consistency and reproducibility of results.

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Genotypic Characterization of Bacteriocins in Enterococcal Isolates of Different Sources

10.5151/foodsci-microal-003 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Luciana Furlaneto Maia ◽

Mayara Baptistucci Ogaki ◽

Márcia Cristina Furlaneto

Keyword(s):

Genotypic Characterization ◽

Different Sources

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Interleukin 28B genotype determination using DNA from different sources: A simple and reliable tool for the epidemiological and clinical characterization of hepatitis C

Journal of Virological Methods ◽

10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.08.021 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 178 (1-2) ◽

pp. 235-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Elisabetta Cariani ◽

Rosina Critelli ◽

Cristina Rota ◽

Monica Luongo ◽

Tommaso Trenti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Interleukin 28B ◽

Reliable Tool ◽

Different Sources

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Preparation and Characterization of Starch/PVA Blend for Biodegradable Packaging Material

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.351 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 123-125 ◽

pp. 351-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Fahmida Parvin ◽

Md. Arifur Rahman ◽

Jahid M.M. Islam ◽

Mubarak A. Khan ◽

A.H.M. Saadat

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Packaging Material ◽

Rice Starch ◽

Packaging Materials ◽

Casting Method ◽

Environment Friendly ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Biodegradable Packaging ◽

Soil And Water

Polymer films of rice starch/Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were prepared by casting method. Different blends were made varying the concentration of rice starch and PVA. Tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (Eb) of the prepared films were studied. Films made up of rice starch and PVA with a ratio of 2:8 showed highest TS. 10% sugar was added with highest TS giving four composition of Starch/PVA blend in order to increase TS and Eb. Films made up of rice starch and PVA and sugar with a ratio of 1:8:1 showed highest TS and Eb and the recorded value was 14.96MPa and 637% respectively. The physico-mechanical properties of the prepared sugar incorporated films were improved by grafting with acrylic monomer with the aid of UV radiation. A formulation was prepared with monomer, methylmethacrylat in methanol, and a photo initiator. The highest TS of the grafted films were recorded and the value was 16.38 MPa. The water uptake and weight loss in both soil and water of the grafted films are lower than the non-grafted films. The prepared films were further characterized with stereo micrograph and XRD. Finally, the produced film can be used as biodegradable packaging materials for shopping and garbage bags that are very popular and environment friendly.

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