scholarly journals Biscogniauxia Charcoal Canker—A New Potential Threat for Mid-European Forests as an Effect of Climate Change

Forests ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Patejuk ◽  
Anna Baturo-Cieśniewska ◽  
Wojciech Pusz ◽  
Agata Kaczmarek-Pieńczewska
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Coniferous Trees ◽  
Forestry Management ◽  
Molecular Investigation ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
Potential Impact

Biscogniauxia nummularia (Bull.) Kuntze is a fungus which induces strip-cankers on beech, commonly referred to as charcoal canker. The symptoms of infection are visible on the host tree’s bark as elongated, blackish bark lesions on the trunk and branches. Recent years have shown that, due to climate change causing local epidemics, the species is increasing its economic impact in Mediterranean regions. Until recently, B. nummularia was considered rare and uncommon in central Europe. However, in the last few years it has been noticed more often, mostly in coniferous trees, which are out of B. nummularia’s host range. A similar situation has been observed with the closely related species Biscogniauxia mediterranea (De Not.) Kuntze, which prior to 2017 had not been observed in central Europe at all. This study shows the genetic diversity of mid-European strains of Biscogniauxia spp. (based on the ITS, TEF1, TUB2 and ACT regions) and, as the first in Europe, presents a molecular investigation of this species isolated from coniferous trees. It is also the first attempt at estimating the potential impact of this pathogenic fungus on European forestry management in the close future.

scholarly journals Potential impact of climate change on geographic distribution of plant pathogenic bacteria in Central Europe

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S27-S32 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kůdela
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Potential Impact

This review provides an overview of variety of bacterial plant pathogens which can serve as an example of how plant pathogenic bacteria can adapt very specifically to anticipated climate change in Central Europe. In the centre of attention are the themes such as: emerging of heat-loving bacteria; changes in the spectrum of pectolytic bacteria; an decrease of the frequency of occurrence of cold tolerant pseudomonads and an increase of more thermophilic xanthomonads; increased risk of xylem-limited bacteria which overwinter in insect vectors; reduced risk of damage of stone fruit trees by ice nucleation active pseudomonads and subsequent winter freeze temperatures. Of plant pathogenic prokaryotes, mollicutes and phloem-limited bacteria are not discussed in this review.

scholarly journals Modeling the Optimal Mitigation of Potential Impact of Climate Change on Coastal Ecosystems

Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. e07401
Author(s):  
Sajib Mandal ◽  
Md. Sirajul Islam ◽  
Md. Haider Ali Biswas ◽  
Sonia Akter
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Potential Impact

scholarly journals Evolution of Burned Area in Forest Fires under Climate Change Conditions in Southern Spain Using ANN

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 4155
Author(s):  
Pérez-Sánchez ◽  
Jimeno-Sáez ◽  
Senent-Aparicio ◽  
Díaz-Palmero ◽  
de Dios Cabezas-Cerezo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Absolute Percent Error

Wildfires in Mediterranean regions have become a serious problem, and it is currently the main cause of forest loss. Numerous prediction methods have been applied worldwide to estimate future fire activity and area burned in order to provide a stable basis for future allocation of fire-fighting resources. The present study investigated the performance of an artificial neural network (ANN) in burned area size prediction and to assess the evolution of future wildfires and the area concerned under climate change in southern Spain. The study area comprised 39.41 km2 of land burned from 2000 to 2014. ANNs were used in two subsequential phases: classifying the size of the wildfires and predicting the burned surface for fires larger than 30,000 m2. Matrix of confusion and 10-fold cross-validations were used to evaluate ANN classification and mean absolute deviation, root mean square error, mean absolute percent error and bias, which were the metrics used for burned area prediction. The success rate achieved was above 60–70% depending on the zone. An average temperature increase of 3 °C and a 20% increase in wind speed during 2071–2100 results in a significant increase of the number of fires, up to triple the current figure, resulting in seven times the average yearly burned surface depending on the zone and the climate change scenario.

Sandflies and sandfly-borne infections of humans in Central Europe in the light of climate change

2008 ◽  
Vol 120 (S4) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horst Aspöck ◽  
Thomas Gerersdorfer ◽  
Herbert Formayer ◽  
Julia Walochnik
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Central Europe

The Impact of Climate Change on States

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 115-132
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kułaga
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Law ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The increase in sea levels, as a result of climate change in territorial aspect will have a potential impact on two major issues – maritime zones and land territory. The latter goes into the heart of the theory of the state in international law as it requires us to confront the problem of complete and permanent disappearance of a State territory. When studying these processes, one should take into account the fundamental lack of appropriate precedents and analogies in international law, especially in the context of the extinction of the state, which could be used for guidance in this respect. The article analyses sea level rise impact on baselines and agreed maritime boundaries (in particular taking into account fundamental change of circumstances rule). Furthermore, the issue of submergence of the entire territory of a State is discussed taking into account the presumption of statehood, past examples of extinction of states and the importance of recognition in this respect.

scholarly journals Climate change and the occurrence of downy mildew in Brazilian grapevines

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 426-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francislene Angelotti ◽  
Emília Hamada ◽  
Edineide Elisa Magalhães ◽  
Raquel Ghini ◽  
Lucas da Ressureição Garrido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Grapevine Downy Mildew ◽  
Diseased Leaf Area ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Logic Functions

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential impact of climate change on the occurrence of grapevine downy mildew in Brazil. Seedlings containing four to six leaves were sprayed with a sporangia suspension containing 105 sporangia per milliliter. After spraying, the seedlings were subjected to temperatures of 26, 28, 29.1, 30.4, and 31.8°C for 24 hours. The percentage of diseased leaf area and the latent period were evaluated. Maps of the geographic and temporal distribution of the disease were made considering the monthly average of the mean air temperature and leaf wetness duration for the reference climate or climate normal (1961-1990) and the future climates (2011-2040, 2041-2070, and 2071-2100), considering the A2 and B1 gas emission scenarios, designed by the Intergovernamental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Favorability ranges were set and used in logic functions of the geografical information system (GIS) to generate monthly maps for grapevine downy mildew. Rising temperatures interfered with the grapevine downy mildew infections, reduced the disease severity, and increased the latent period. Future climate scenarios indicate a reduction of favorability of downy mildew in Brazil, with variability in the different grape producing regions.

scholarly journals Potential impact of climate change on whiteflies and implications for the spread of vectored viruses

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatosin Z. Aregbesola ◽  
James P. Legg ◽  
Lene Sigsgaard ◽  
Ole S. Lund ◽  
Carmelo Rapisarda
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Potential Impact
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