Total Saponins Isolated from Corni Fructus via Ultrasonic Microwave-Assisted Extraction Attenuate Diabetes in Mice

Saponins have been extensively used in the food and pharmaceutical industries because of their potent bioactive and pharmacological functions including hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, expectorant, antiulcer and androgenic properties. A lot of saponins-containing foods are recommended as nutritional supplements for diabetic patients. As a medicine and food homologous material, Corni Fructus (CF) contains various active ingredients and has the effect of treating diabetes. However, whether and how CF saponins attenuate diabetes is still largely unknown. Here, we isolated total saponins from CF (TSCF) using ultrasonic microwave-assisted extraction combined with response surface methodology. The extract was further purified by a nonpolar copolymer styrene type macroporous resin (HPD-300), with the yield of TSCF elevated to 13.96 mg/g compared to 10.87 mg/g obtained via unassisted extraction. When used to treat high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, TSCF significantly improved the glucose and lipid metabolisms of T2DM mice. Additionally, TSCF clearly ameliorated inflammation and oxidative stress as well as pancreas and liver damages in the diabetic mice. Mechanistically, TSCF potently regulated insulin receptor (INSR)-, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4)-, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-, and protein kinase B (PKB/AKT)-associated signaling pathways. Thus, our data collectively demonstrated that TSCF could be a promising functional food ingredient for diabetes improvement.

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Evaluation of Extracts Obtained from FruitWastes Using Different Methods

Ingeniería ◽

10.14483/23448393.16525 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 77-92

Author(s):

Ciliana Florez Montes ◽

Andrés Felipe Rojas González ◽

Sneyder Rodríguez Barona

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Total Phenolic Compounds ◽

Grape Seeds ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries

Context: Currently, the increase in agroindustrial waste generation has encouraged the search for viable use alternatives. In this paper, four methods to obtain extracts from mango, soursop, and grape peels, as well as and grape seeds, are studied. Their efficiency is analyzed through extraction yields and antioxidant capacity characterization of the extracts. Method: The extraction was performed using solvent, Soxhlet, microwave-assisted, and ultrasound assisted extraction. The characterization of the extracts was made by total phenolic compounds and flavonoids quantification, as well as antioxidant capacity determination, using the DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC tests. Results: It was found that grape seed extracts obtained by different extraction methods, highlighting those obtained by microwave assisted extraction, present a high total content phenolic compounds (>321.381,41 ± 3.476,85 μg Gallic Acid/g) and flavonoids (>103.232,01 ± 4.638,19 μg Quercetin/g), in addition to high antioxidant activity, according to the results of the DPPH (<1,06 ± 0,01), FRAP (>152.280,08 ± 5.197,53 µg TROLOX/g), and ORAC (>124.566,81 ± 581,96 μg TROLOX/g) tests. Conclusions: The results presented in this study suggest that the extracts obtained from grape seeds, especially those obtained by means of microwave-assisted extraction, have a potential use in food and pharmaceutical industries, due to their high antioxidant capacity and their total phenolic compounds and flavonoids content.

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Optimization of Catechin and Proanthocyanidin Recovery from Grape Seeds Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom10020243 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 243

Author(s):

Jing Chen ◽

W. P. D. Wass Thilakarathna ◽

Tessema Astatkie ◽

H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe

Keyword(s):

Total Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Grape Seed ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Grape Seeds ◽

Epicatechin Gallate ◽

Food Ingredient ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Potential Applicability

Grape seed extract (GSE) is a rich source of condensed flavonoid tannins, also called proanthocyanidins (PACs). The high molecular weight of polymeric PAC limits their biological activity due to poor bioavailability. The present study was undertaken to explore the potential applicability of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to convert GSE-PAC into monomeric catechins. A central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize the processing conditions for the MAE. The maximum total yield of monomeric catechins (catechin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate) and PAC were 8.2 mg/g dry weight (DW) and 56.4 mg catechin equivalence (CE)/g DW, respectively. The optimized MAE condition was 94% ethanol, 170 °C temperature, and a duration of 55 min. Compared to the results for PACs extracted via conventional extraction (Con) (94% ethanol; shaking at 25 °C for 55 min), MAE yielded 3.9-fold more monomeric catechins and 5.5-fold more PACs. The MAE showed higher antioxidant capacity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than that of the conventional extract, suggesting the potential use of the MAE products of grape seeds as a functional food ingredient and nutraceutical.

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Ultrasonic–microwave assisted extraction of total triterpenoid acids from Corni Fructus and hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of the extract in mice

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d0fo02568b ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 10709-10723

Author(s):

Binkai Han ◽

Dou Niu ◽

Ting Wang ◽

Shujing An ◽

Yanzhen Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Corni Fructus

Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities and underlying mechanisms of total triterpenoid acids from Corni Fructus.

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Optimisation of the Microwave-Assisted Ethanol Extraction of Saponins from Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) Seeds

Medicines ◽

10.3390/medicines5030070 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 70 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anh Le ◽

Sophie Parks ◽

Minh Nguyen ◽

Paul Roach

Keyword(s):

Concentration Ratio ◽

Ethanol Concentration ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Optimal Parameters ◽

Ethanol Extraction ◽

Extraction Solvent ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Momordica Cochinchinensis ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries

Background: Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) seeds contain saponins that are reportedly medicinal. It was hypothesised that the extraction of saponins from powdered Gac seed kernels could be optimised using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) with ethanol as the extraction solvent. The aim was to determine an appropriate ethanol concentration, ratio of solvent to seed powder and microwave power and time for extraction. Whether or not defatting the Gac seed powder had an impact on the extraction of saponins, was also determined. Methods: Ethanol concentrations ranged from 60–100% were used to compare total saponins content (TSC) extracted from full-fat and defatted Gac seeds. Ratios of solvent to Gac seeds ranged from 10 to 100 mL g−1 and microwave conditions ranged from 1–4 cycles at power levels ranged from 360–720 W, were examined successively to evaluate their efficiency in extracting saponins from full-fat Gac seeds. Results: A four-fold higher of TSC was obtained in extracts from full-fat Gac seed powder than from defatted powder (100 vs. 26 mg aescin equivalents (AE) per gram of Gac seeds). The optimal parameters for the extraction of saponins were a ratio of 30 mL of 100% absolute ethanol per g of full-fat Gac seed powder with the microwave set at 360Wfor three irradiation cycles of 10 s power ON and 15 s power OFF per cycle. Conclusions: Gac seed saponins could be efficiently extracted using MAE. Full-fat powder of the seed kernels is recommended to be used for a better yield of saponins. The optimised MAE conditions are recommended for the extraction of enriched saponins from Gac seeds for potential application in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.

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Assessment of Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity Potential of Clementine Extract Obtained by Microwave Assisted Extraction Method

Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia ◽

10.13005/bbra/2959 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 779-785

Author(s):

Hanane Azzouzi ◽

Loubna Elhajji ◽

Mouad Achchoub ◽

Mohammed Benbati ◽

Kaoutar El-Fazazi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Major Interest ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries

Citrus peels are known as rich source of bioactive compounds. Therefore, the establishment of an appropriate and innovative extraction method is a major interest to the food processing industry. The aim of this work is to assess the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) of peels extracts prepared from five Moroccan clementine varieties. Extracts were prepared with microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique using acetone and methanol solvents. The evaluation of the antioxidant activity was performed by DPPH and ABTS- free radical scavenging. The extraction conditions had significant effects on total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA). In fact, the highest TPC amount of clementine varieties (730.850±0.004mg GAE/100g DM) was obtained with acetone solvent for the Sidi Aissa variety. Regarding antioxidant activity, results with DPPH method showed an important antiradical and antioxidant activities for Sidi Aissa variety with methanol solvent (46.30± 1.01%) . However, ABTS method showed a good antioxidant activity for Ain Taoujdat with methanol solvent (3.02 mg/100g DM). This work provided to study the biochemical quality of Moroccan clementine extracts obtained by two microwave-assisted extraction processes in order to investigate further industrial potential uses in agro-food and pharmaceutical industries

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