Comparison of Oxidative Status of Human Milk, Human Milk Fortifiers and Preterm Infant Formulas

Preterm and low birth weight infants require specific nutrition to overcome the accumulated growth deficit, and to prevent morbidities related to postnatal growth failure. In order to guarantee an adequate nutrient-intake, mother’s own milk, when available, or donor human milk, are usually fortified with additional nutrients, in particular proteins. Fortification with processed ingredients may result in additional intake in oxidative compounds, deriving from extensive heat treatments, that are applied during processing. The aim of the present work was to compare the in vitro antioxidant activity and oxidative compound content conveyed by different preterm infant foods and fortifiers, namely raw and pasteurized human milk, two different preterm infant formulas, three bovine milk-based fortifiers and two experimental donkey milk-based fortifiers. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses revealed significant differences between the different products. The use of human milk minimizes the intake of dietary oxidative compound in comparison to infant formulas, irrespective of pasteurization or fortification, especially as far as malondialdehyde content is concerned. The addition of fortifiers to human milk increases its antioxidant capacity, and the choice of the protein source (hydrolysed vs. whole proteins) differently impacted the resulting total antioxidant capacity of the diet.

Download Full-text

Correction: Free fatty acid release from vegetable and bovine milk fat-based infant formulas and human milk during two-phase in vitro digestion

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c9fo90021g ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 3018-3020

Author(s):

Jeske H. J. Hageman ◽

Jaap Keijer ◽

Trine Kastrup Dalsgaard ◽

Lara W. Zeper ◽

Frédéric Carrière ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Human Milk ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Infant Formulas ◽

Two Phase ◽

Fatty Acid Release ◽

Acid Release

Correction for ‘Free fatty acid release from vegetable and bovine milk fat-based infant formulas and human milk during two-phase in vitro digestion’ by Jeske H. J. Hageman et al., Food Funct., 2019, 10, 2102–2113.

Download Full-text

Early and aggressive nutritional strategy (parenteral and enteral) decreases postnatal growth failure in very low birth weight infants

Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1038/sj.jp.7211539 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 436-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 102

Author(s):

A Dinerstein ◽

R M Nieto ◽

C L Solana ◽

G P Perez ◽

L E Otheguy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Growth Failure ◽

Postnatal Growth ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Nutritional Strategy ◽

Postnatal Growth Failure

Download Full-text

Prediction of Postnatal Growth Failure among Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-018-21647-9 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Soon Min Lee ◽

Namhyo Kim ◽

Ran Namgung ◽

Minsoo Park ◽

Kookin Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Growth Failure ◽

Postnatal Growth ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Postnatal Growth Failure

Download Full-text

Considerable variation in the concentration of osteopontin in human milk, bovine milk, and infant formulas

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2009-2360 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 92 (11) ◽

pp. 5378-5385 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

L. Schack ◽

A. Lange ◽

J. Kelsen ◽

J. Agnholt ◽

B. Christensen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Infant Formulas

Download Full-text

Extrauterine Growth Restriction in Low Birth Weight Infants

Neonatal Network The Journal of Neonatal Nursing ◽

10.1891/0730-0832.38.1.27 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 27-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kari Bonnar ◽

Debbie Fraser

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Neurodevelopmental Outcome ◽

Growth Failure ◽

Postnatal Growth ◽

Growth Restriction ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Extrauterine Growth Restriction ◽

Postnatal Growth Failure

Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) affects a significant number of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants and has the potential to impact neurodevelopmental outcome as well as other aspects of long-term health. More aggressive nutritional approaches have reduced the incidence of postnatal growth failure but many questions remain about the expected rate of growth for very preterm infants, the best ways to measure growth velocity, and the optimal approaches to supporting growth. This article examines some of the outstanding issues regarding postnatal growth failure and summarizes current practice recommendations.

Download Full-text

Post-receptor IGF1 insensitivity restricted to the MAPK pathway in a Silver–Russell syndrome patient with hypomethylation at the imprinting control region on chromosome 11

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-11-0964 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 166 (3) ◽

pp. 543-550 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Luciana R Montenegro ◽

Andrea C Leal ◽

Debora C Coutinho ◽

Helena P L Valassi ◽

Mirian Y Nishi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mapk Pathway ◽

Growth Failure ◽

Postnatal Growth ◽

Chromosome 11 ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Gh Treatment ◽

Poor Growth ◽

Mapk Activation ◽

Silver Russell Syndrome

BackgroundHypomethylation of the paternal imprinting center region 1 (ICR1) is the most frequent molecular cause of Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS). Clinical evidence suggests that patients with this epimutation have mild IGF1 insensitivity.ObjectiveTo assess in vitro IGF1 action in fibroblast culture from a patient with SRS and IGF1 insensitivity.MethodsFibroblast cultures from one patient with SRS due to ICR1 demethylation and controls were established. The SRS patient has severe growth failure, elevated IGF1 level, and poor growth rate during human recombinant GH treatment. IGF1 action was assessed by cell proliferation, AKT, and p42/44-MAPK phosphorylation. Gene expression was determined by real-time PCR.ResultsDespite normal IGF1R sequence and expression, fibroblast proliferation induced by IGF1 was 50% lower in SRS fibroblasts in comparison with controls. IGF1 and insulin promoted a p42/44-MAPK activation in SRS fibroblasts 40 and 36%, respectively, lower than that in control fibroblasts. On the other hand, p42/44-MAPK activation induced by EGF stimulation was only slightly reduced (75% in SRS fibroblasts in comparison with control), suggesting a general impairment in MAPK pathway with a greater impairment of the stimulation induced by insulin and IGF1 than by EGF. A PCR array analysis disclosed a defect in MAPK pathway characterized by an increase in DUSP4 and MEF2C gene expressions in patient fibroblasts.ConclusionA post-receptor IGF1 insensitivity was characterized in one patient with SRS and ICR1 hypomethylation. Although based on one unique severely affected patient, these results raise an intriguing mechanism to explain the postnatal growth impairment observed in SRS patients that needs confirmation in larger cohorts.

Download Full-text

Postnatal Growth Failure, Short Life Span, and Early Onset of Cellular Senescence and Subsequent Immortalization in Mice Lacking the Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group G Gene

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.19.3.2366 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 2366-2372 ◽

Cited By ~ 85

Author(s):

Yoshi-Nobu Harada ◽

Naoko Shiomi ◽

Manabu Koike ◽

Masahito Ikawa ◽

Masaru Okabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Onset ◽

Xeroderma Pigmentosum ◽

Excision Repair ◽

Growth Failure ◽

Postnatal Growth ◽

Additional Function ◽

Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group G ◽

Postnatal Growth Failure ◽

Deficient Mice

ABSTRACT The xeroderma pigmentosum group G (XP-G) gene (XPG) encodes a structure-specific DNA endonuclease that functions in nucleotide excision repair (NER). XP-G patients show various symptoms, ranging from mild cutaneous abnormalities to severe dermatological impairments. In some cases, patients exhibit growth failure and life-shortening and neurological dysfunctions, which are characteristics of Cockayne syndrome (CS). The known XPG protein function as the 3′ nuclease in NER, however, cannot explain the development of CS in certain XP-G patients. To gain an insight into the functions of the XPG protein, we have generated and examined mice lacking xpg (the mouse counterpart of the humanXPG gene) alleles. The xpg-deficient mice exhibited postnatal growth failure and underwent premature death. SinceXPA-deficient mice, which are totally defective in NER, do not show such symptoms, our data indicate that XPG performs an additional function(s) besides its role in NER. Our in vitro studies showed that primary embryonic fibroblasts isolated from thexpg-deficient mice underwent premature senescence and exhibited the early onset of immortalization and accumulation of p53.

Download Full-text

Wide Variability in Caloric Density of Expressed Human Milk Can Lead to Major Underestimation or Overestimation of Nutrient Content

Journal of Human Lactation ◽

10.1177/0890334416672200 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 341-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Charles W. Sauer ◽

Mallory A. Boutin ◽

Jae H. Kim

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Postnatal Growth ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Caloric Density ◽

Wide Variability ◽

Fat Composition ◽

Nutrition Strategy

Background: Very-low-birth-weight infants continue to face significant difficulties with postnatal growth. Human milk is the optimal form of nutrition for infants but may exhibit variation in nutrient content. Objective: This study aimed to perform macronutrient analysis on expressed human milk from mothers whose babies are hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: Up to five human milk samples per participant were analyzed for protein, carbohydrate, and fat content using reference chemical analyses (Kjeldahl for protein, high pressure liquid chromatography for carbohydrates, and Mojonnier for fat). Calorie content was calculated. Results: A total of 64 samples from 24 participants was analyzed. Wide variability was found in calorie, protein, carbohydrate, and fat composition. The authors found an average of 17.9 kcal/ounce, with only 34% of samples falling within 10% of the expected caloric density. Conclusion: The assumption that human milk contains 20 kcal/ounce is no longer supported based on this study. This supports promoting an individualized nutrition strategy as a crucial aspect to optimal nutrition.

Download Full-text