Preliminary Study of Australian Pinot Noir Wines by Colour and Volatile Analyses, and the Pivot© Profile Method Using Wine Professionals

The aim of this preliminary study was to identify potential colour components, volatile and sensory attributes that could discriminate Pinot noir wines from five Australian winegrowing regions (Adelaide Hills, Yarra Valley, Mornington Peninsula, Northern and Southern Tasmania). The sensory analysis consisted of the Pivot© Profile method that was performed by wine professionals. A headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was used to quantify multiple volatile compounds, while the Modified Somers method was used for colour characterisation. Analysis of data suggested ethyl decanoate, ethyl 2-methylpropanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, in addition to decanoic acid as important contributors to the discrimination between regions. Similarly, wine hue, chemical age indices, total anthocyanin, and (%) non-bleachable pigment also discriminated wines between regions. The sensory analysis showed that wines from Mornington Peninsula were associated with the ‘red fruits’ aroma, ‘acidic’, and ‘astringency’ palate descriptors, while those from Adelaide Hills were associated with the ‘brown’ colour attribute. This study indicates regionality is a strong driver of aroma typicity of wine.

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Contribution of Grape Skins and Yeast Choice on the Aroma Profiles of Wines Produced from Pinot Noir and Synthetic Grape Musts

Fermentation ◽

10.3390/fermentation7030168 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 168

Author(s):

Yifeng Qiao ◽

Diana Hawkins ◽

Katie Parish-Virtue ◽

Bruno Fedrizzi ◽

Sarah J. Knight ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid Phase Microextraction ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Fermentation Medium ◽

Pinot Noir ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Wine Quality ◽

Aroma Profile ◽

Aroma Production ◽

Grape Skins ◽

The Impact

The aroma profile is a key component of Pinot noir wine quality, and this is influenced by the diversity, quantity, and typicity of volatile compounds present. Volatile concentrations are largely determined by the grape itself and by microbial communities that produce volatiles during fermentation, either from grape-derived precursors or as byproducts of secondary metabolism. The relative degree of aroma production from grape skins compared to the juice itself, and the impact on different yeasts on this production, has not been investigated for Pinot noir. The influence of fermentation media (Pinot noir juice or synthetic grape must (SGM), with and without inclusion of grape skins) and yeast choice (commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC1118, a single vineyard mixed community (MSPC), or uninoculated) on aroma chemistry was determined by measuring 39 volatiles in finished wines using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Fermentation medium clearly differentiated the volatile profile of wines with and without yeast, while differences between EC1118 and MSPC wines were only distinct for Pinot noir juice without skins. SGM with skins produced a similar aroma profile to Pinot noir with skins, suggesting that grape skins, and not the pulp, largely determine the aroma of Pinot noir wines.

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Simultaneous Chemical and Sensory Analysis of Domestic Cat Urine and Feces With Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and GC-MS-Olfactometry

10.20944/preprints202101.0010.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chumki Banik ◽

Jacek A. Koziel ◽

James Li

Keyword(s):

Sensory Analysis ◽

Solid Phase Microextraction ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Human Life ◽

Domestic Animal ◽

Domestic Cat ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Organic N ◽

Fresh Feces ◽

Human Nose

The association between human and cat (F. catus) is well known. This domestic animal is also known for its malodorous urine and feces. The complexity of the odorous urine and feces impacts human life by triggering the human sensory organ in a negative way. The objective of this research was to identify the volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) and associated odors in cat urine and feces using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and simultaneous sensory analysis of fresh and aged samples. The solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique was used to pre-concentrate the VOCs emitted from urine or feces samples. Twenty-one compounds were identified as emitted from fresh urine, whereas 64 compounds were emitted from fresh feces. A contrasting temporal impact was observed on the emission of VOCs for urine and feces. On aging, the emission increased to 36 detected chemicals for stale urine, whereas only 17 chemicals were detected in stale feces. Not all compounds were malodorous; some compounds had a pleasant hedonic smell to the human nose. Although trimethylamine, low molecular weight organic acids, and ketones were contributors to the odor to some extent, phenolic compounds and aromatic heterocyclic organic N compounds generated the most intense odors and substantially contributed to the overall malodor, as observed by this study. This work might be useful to formulate cat urine and feces odor remediation approaches to reduce odor impacts.

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Preliminary study of volatile organic compounds from breath and stomach tissue by means of solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Journal of Breath Research ◽

10.1088/1752-7155/1/1/016001 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 016001 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

T Ligor ◽

J Szeliga ◽

M Jackowski ◽

B Buszewski

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Solid Phase Microextraction ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Stomach Tissue ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Preliminary Study

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Analysis of Volatile Components of Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruvianaL.) Grown in Turkey by HS-SPME and GC-MS

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/796097 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Murat Yilmaztekin

Keyword(s):

Volatile Compounds ◽

Solid Phase Microextraction ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Volatile Components ◽

Ethyl Octanoate ◽

Peak Areas ◽

Ripe Stage ◽

Ethyl Decanoate ◽

Cape Gooseberry

Volatile components in cape gooseberry fruit at ripe stage were collected using headspace-solid phase microextraction, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Three solid phase microextraction fiber coatings (DVB/CAR/PDMS, CAR/PDMS, and PDMS/DVB) were tested for evaluation of volatile compounds. DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber showed a strong extraction capacity for volatile compounds and produced the best result in case of total peak areas. A total of 133 volatile compounds were identified in fruit pulp; among them 1-hexanol (6.86%), eucalyptol (6.66%), ethyl butanoate (6.47%), ethyl octanoate (4.01%), ethyl decanoate (3.39%), 4-terpineol (3.27%), and 2-methyl-1-butanol (3.10%) were the major components in the sample extracts.

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Simultaneous Chemical and Sensory Analysis of Domestic Cat Urine and Feces with Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and GC-MS-Olfactometry

Separations ◽

10.3390/separations8020015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Chumki Banik ◽

Jacek A. Koziel ◽

James Z. Li

Keyword(s):

Sensory Analysis ◽

Solid Phase Microextraction ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Human Life ◽

Domestic Animal ◽

Domestic Cat ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Organic N ◽

Fresh Feces ◽

Human Nose

The association between humans and cats (Felis catus) is well known. This domestic animal is also known for its malodorous urine and feces. The complexity of the odorous urine and feces impacts human life by triggering the human sensory organ in a negative way. The objective of this research was to identify the volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) and associated odors in cat urine and feces using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and simultaneous sensory analysis of fresh and aged samples. The solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique was used to preconcentrate the VOCs emitted from urine or feces samples. Twenty-one compounds were identified as emitted from fresh urine, whereas 64 compounds were emitted from fresh feces. A contrasting temporal impact was observed in the emission of VOCs for urine and feces. On aging, the emission increased to 34 detected chemicals for stale urine, whereas only 12 chemicals were detected in stale feces. Not all compounds were malodorous; some compounds had a pleasant hedonic smell to the human nose. Although trimethylamine, low-molecular-weight organic acids, and ketones were contributors to the odor to some extent, phenolic compounds and aromatic heterocyclic organic N compounds generated the most intense odors and substantially contributed to the overall malodor, as observed by this study. This work might be useful to formulate cat urine and feces odor remediation approaches to reduce odor impacts.

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