scholarly journals Improving Hotel Room Demand Forecasts for Vienna across Hotel Classes and Forecast Horizons: Single Models and Combination Techniques Based on Encompassing Tests

Forecasting ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 884-919
Author(s):  
Ulrich Gunter
Keyword(s):  
Moving Average ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Forecast Combination ◽  
Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average ◽  
Hotel Room ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Forecast Models ◽  
Rolling Windows ◽  
Combined Forecasts ◽  
Box Cox Transformation

The present study employs daily data made available by the STR SHARE Center covering the period from 1 January 2010 to 31 January 2020 for six Viennese hotel classes and their total. The forecast variable of interest is hotel room demand. As forecast models, (1) Seasonal Naïve, (2) Error Trend Seasonal (ETS), (3) Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA), (4) Trigonometric Seasonality, Box–Cox Transformation, ARMA Errors, Trend and Seasonal Components (TBATS), (5) Seasonal Neural Network Autoregression (Seasonal NNAR), and (6) Seasonal NNAR with an external regressor (seasonal naïve forecast of the inflation-adjusted ADR) are employed. Forecast evaluation is carried out for forecast horizons h = 1, 7, 30, and 90 days ahead based on rolling windows. After conducting forecast encompassing tests, (a) mean, (b) median, (c) regression-based weights, (d) Bates–Granger weights, and (e) Bates–Granger ranks are used as forecast combination techniques. In the relative majority of cases (i.e., in 13 of 28), combined forecasts based on Bates–Granger weights and on Bates–Granger ranks provide the highest level of forecast accuracy in terms of typical measures. Finally, the employed methodology represents a fully replicable toolkit for practitioners in terms of both forecast models and forecast combination techniques.

scholarly journals Forecasting of Milk Production in Northern Thailand Using Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average, Error Trend Seasonality, and Hybrid Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veerasak Punyapornwithaya ◽  
Katechan Jampachaisri ◽  
Kunnanut Klaharn ◽  
Chalutwan Sansamur
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average ◽  
Time Series Forecast ◽  
Forecast Models

Milk production in Thailand has increased rapidly, though excess milk supply is one of the major concerns. Forecasting can reveal the important information that can support authorities and stakeholders to establish a plan to compromise the oversupply of milk. The aim of this study was to forecast milk production in the northern region of Thailand using time-series forecast methods. A single-technique model, including seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) and error trend seasonality (ETS), and a hybrid model of SARIMA-ETS were applied to milk production data to develop forecast models. The performance of the models developed was compared using several error matrices. Results showed that milk production was forecasted to raise by 3.2 to 3.6% annually. The SARIMA-ETS hybrid model had the highest forecast performances compared with other models, and the ETS outperformed the SARIMA in predictive ability. Furthermore, the forecast models highlighted a continuously increasing trend with evidence of a seasonal fluctuation for future milk production. The results from this study emphasizes the need for an effective plan and strategy to manage milk production to alleviate a possible oversupply. Policymakers and stakeholders can use our forecasts to develop short- and long-term strategies for managing milk production.

scholarly journals SIMPLE BAYESIAN FORECAST COMBINATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 2050016
Author(s):  
PHILIP HANS FRANSES
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Diffusion Models ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Forecast Combination ◽  
Bayesian Forecast ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Combined Forecasts

In this paper, it is proposed to combine the forecasts using a simple Bayesian forecast combination algorithm. The algorithm is applied to forecasts from three non-nested diffusion models for S shaped processes like virus diffusion. An illustration to daily data on first-wave cumulative Covid-19 cases in the Netherlands shows the ease of use of the algorithm and the accuracy of the newly combined forecasts.

scholarly journals Real-Time Forecasting of COVID-19 prevalence in India using ARIMA Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Time Series Prediction ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Short Term Prediction

Corona virus disease (COVID -19) has changed the world completely due to unavailability of its exact treatment. It has affected 215 countries in the world in which India is no exception where COVID patients are increasing exponentially since 15th of Feb. The objective of paper is to develop a model which can predict daily new cases in India. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models have been used for time series prediction. The daily data of new COVID-19 cases act as an exogenous variable in this framework. The daily data cover the sample period of 15th February, 2020 to 24th May, 2020. The time variable under study is a non-stationary series as 𝒚𝒕 is regressed with 𝒚𝒕−𝟏 and the coefficient is 1. The time series have clearly increasing trend. Results obtained revealed that the ARIMA model has a strong potential for short-term prediction. In PACF graph. Lag 1 and Lag 13 is significant. Regressed values implies Lag 1 and Lag 13 is significant in predicting the current values. The model predicted maximum COVID-19 cases in India at around 8000 during 5thJune to 20th June period. As per the model, the number of new cases shall start decreasing after 20th June in India only. The results will help governments to make necessary arrangements as per the estimated cases. The limitation of this model is that it is unable to predict jerks on either lower or upper side of daily new cases. So, in case of jerks re-estimation will be required.

Energy Consumption Forecasting in Hong Kong Using ARIMA and Artificial Neural Networks Models

2014 ◽  
Vol 672-674 ◽  
pp. 2085-2097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Ling Lai ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Kuo Cheng Kuo ◽  
Ray Chang
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Demand Forecast ◽  
Forecast Models ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

There have been considerable efforts contributed to the development of effective energy demand forecast models due to its critical role for economic development and environmental protection. This study focused on the adoption of artificial neural network (ANN) and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models for energy consumption forecasting in Hong Kong over the period of 1975-2010. Four predictors were considered, including population, GDP, exports, and total visitor arrivals. The results show most ANN models demonstrate acceptable forecast accuracy when single predictor is considered. The best single input model is the case with GDP as predictor. Population and exports are the next proper single inputs. The model with total visitor arrivals as sole predictor does not perform satisfactorily. This indicates that tourism development demonstrates a different pattern from that of energy consumption. In addition, the forecast accuracy of ANN does not improve considerably as the number of predictors increase. Findings imply that with the ANN approach, choosing appropriate predictors is more important than increasing the number of predictors. On the other hand, ARIMA generates forecasts as accurate as some good cases by ANN. Results suggest that ARIMA is not only a parsimonious but effective approach for energy consumption forecasting in Hong Kong.

scholarly journals Modeling and Forecasting the Algiers Stock Exchange Returns using the Box-Jenkins Methodology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Samir Boudrioua
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Stock Exchanges ◽  
Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average ◽  
Modeling And Forecasting ◽  
The World ◽  
One Year ◽  
Better Than

The Algiers Stock Exchange (ASE) is the only stock exchange in Algeria. It’s one of the newest and smallest emerging stock exchanges in the world. The focus of this paper is to model and forecast monthly returns of the ASE index (DZAIRINDEX) using The Box- Jenkins methodology. The period of this study is from Jun 2010 to July 2019. According to Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) estimator, the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average SARIMA(2,0,0)(0,0,1) is chosen as the best model for forecasting the monthly DZAIRINDEX returns. Diagnostic tests confirm that the fitted model is adequate, where the residuals of this model are normally distributed with no autocorrelation and no heteroskedasticity. The forecast of the monthly DZAIRINDEX returns for one year ahead using this model shows a decreasing fluctuations trend. Based on different measures of forecast accuracy such as ME, MAE, RMSE, MASE, we show that the forecast accuracy of SARIMA(2,0,0)(0,0,1) is acceptable and this model performs much better than a naïve model. These results could be used by the financial communities in Algeria to deal with stock exchange risks and to improve their decisions.

scholarly journals Forecasting Time Series Movement Direction with Hybrid Methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa Waeto ◽  
Khanchit Chuarkham ◽  
Arthit Intarasit
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Support Vector Regression ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Hybrid Methodology

Forecasting the tendencies of time series is a challenging task which gives better understanding. The purpose of this paper is to present the hybrid model of support vector regression associated with Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average which is formulated by hybrid methodology. The proposed model is more convenient for practical usage. The tendencies modeling of time series for Thailand’s south insurgency is of interest in this research article. The empirical results using the time series of monthly number of deaths, injuries, and incidents for Thailand’s south insurgency indicate that the proposed hybrid model is an effective way to construct an estimated hybrid model which is better than the classical time series model or support vector regression. The best forecast accuracy is performed by using mean square error.

scholarly journals Forecasting of Chinese E-Commerce Sales: An Empirical Comparison of ARIMA, Nonlinear Autoregressive Neural Network, and a Combined ARIMA-NARNN Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maobin Li ◽  
Shouwen Ji ◽  
Gang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Empirical Comparison ◽  
Nonlinear Characteristics ◽  
Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average ◽  
Forecast Models ◽  
Nonlinear Autoregressive ◽  
Volume Range ◽  
Autoregressive Neural Network

With the rapid development of e-commerce (EC) and shopping online, accurate and efficient forecasting of e-commerce sales (ECS) is very important for making strategies for purchasing and inventory of EC enterprises. Affected by many factors, ECS volume range varies greatly and has both linear and nonlinear characteristics. Three forecast models of ECS, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), nonlinear autoregressive neural network (NARNN), and ARIMA-NARNN, are used to verify the forecasting efficiency of the methods. Several time series of ECS from China’s Jingdong Corporation are selected as experimental data. The result shows that the ARIMA-NARNN model is more effective than ARIMA and NARNN models in forecasting ECS. The analysis found that the ARIMA-NARNN model combines the linear fitting of ARIMA and the nonlinear mapping of NARNN, so it shows better prediction performance than the ARIMA and NARNN methods.

Forecasting the spread and total size of confirmed and discharged cases of COVID-19 in Nigeria using an ARIMA model

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. Agboola ◽  
P. Niyang ◽  
O. Olawepo ◽  
W. Ukponu ◽  
S. Niyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autocorrelation Function ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Partial Autocorrelation Function ◽  
The Government ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Mandatory Use

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been considered a global threat spreading to Nigeria and posing major public health threats and concerns. This led to the introduction of internationally acceptable non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) such as lockdowns, social distancing, and mandatory use of face masks by the Nigerian government to curtail the disease. This study aims to develop an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model to predict COVID-19 cases vis Total Confirmed Cases (TCC) and Total Discharged Cases (TDC) in Nigeria based on the daily data obtained from the Nigeria Centre for Diseases Control (NCDC) from 27th February 2020 to 6th June 2020. The autocorrelation function (ACF), and partial autocorrelation function (PACF) were used to determine the constructed model. An ARIMA model was developed to predict the trend of TCC and TDC for the next 200 days. Forecasting was done using the constructed models. The finding shown that TCC increased to 50,225 with a CI between 29,425 to 100,450 and TDC to 20,186 with CI between 11,106 to 40,366 approximately. The result shows a significant increase in both TCC and TDC from COVID-19 which should guide the government roll out and management of the different NPI and policies to contain the virus.

scholarly journals Forecasting virus diffusion with simple Bayesian forecast combination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Hans Franses
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Diffusion Models ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Forecast Combination ◽  
Bayesian Forecast ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Combined Forecasts

AbstractThere are various diffusion models for S shaped processes like virus diffusion and these models are typically not nested. In this note it is proposed to combine the forecasts using a simple Bayesian forecast combination algorithm. An illustration to daily data on cumulative Covid-19 cases in the Netherlands shows the ease of use of the algorithm and the accuracy of the thus combined forecasts.

scholarly journals FORECASTING OF TEMPERATURE IN BANGLADESH BY USING SLICED FUNCTIONAL TIME SERIES (SFTS) APPROACH

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
FARHANA AKTER BINA
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Prediction Intervals ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average ◽  
Temperature Forecast ◽  
Functional Time Series ◽  
Climate Time Series

Climate is a paradigm of a complex system and its changes are global in nature. It is an exciting challenge to predict these changes over the period of different time scales. Time series analysis is one of the most important and major tools to analyze the climate time series data. Temperature is one of the most important climatic parameter. In this research, our main aim is to conduct a study across the country to forecast temperature through a relatively new method of forecasting approach named as sliced functional time series (SFTS). The monthly forecasts were obtained along with prediction intervals. These forecasts were compared with the forecasts obtained from autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and exponential smoothing state-space (ETS) models based on the accuracy measures and the length of prediction intervals to evaluate the performance of SFTS approach. Keywords: Climate,Functional Time Series,Sliced Functional Time Series, Temperature, Forecast, Forecast Accuracy

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