Biogeochemical Characterization of Metal Behavior from Novel Mussel Shell Bioreactor Sludge Residues

Acid mine drainage (AMD) remediation commonly produces byproducts which must be stored or utilized to reduce the risk of further contamination. A mussel shell bioreactor has been implemented at a coal mine in New Zealand, which is an effective remediation option, although an accumulated sludge layer decreased efficiency which was then removed and requires storage. To understand associated risks related to storage or use of the AMD sludge material, a laboratory mesocosm study investigated the physio-chemical and biological influence in two conditions: anoxic storage (burial deep within a waste rock dump) or exposure to oxic environments (use of sludge on the surface of the mine). Solid phase characterization by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and selective extraction was completed to compare two environmental conditions (oxic and anoxic) under biologically active and abiotic systems (achieved by gamma irradiation). Changes in microbial community structure were monitored using 16s rDNA amplification and next-generation sequencing. The results indicate that microbes in an oxic environment increase the formation of oxyhydroxides and acidic conditions increase metal mobility. In an oxic and circumneutral environment, the AMD sludge may be repurposed to act as an oxygen barrier for mine tailings or soil amendment. Anoxic conditions would likely promote the biomineralization of sulfide minerals in the AMD sludge by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), which were abundant in the system. The anoxic conditions reduced the risk of trace metals (Zn) associated with oxides, but increased Fe associated with organic material. In summary, fewer risks are associated with anoxic burial but repurposing in an oxic condition may be appropriate under favorable conditions.

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Solid phase characterization and metal deportment in a mussel shell bioreactor for the treatment of AMD, Stockton Coal Mine, New Zealand

Applied Geochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.02.011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 ◽

pp. 133-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Z.A. DiLoreto ◽

P.A. Weber ◽

C.G. Weisener

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Coal Mine ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Mussel Shell ◽

Phase Characterization

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Microbial Links between Sulfate Reduction and Metal Retention in Uranium- and Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soil

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00051-10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 76 (10) ◽

pp. 3143-3152 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Jana Sitte ◽

Denise M. Akob ◽

Christian Kaufmann ◽

Kai Finster ◽

Dipanjan Banerjee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Sulfate Reduction ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Metal Mobility ◽

Mining District ◽

Edge Structure ◽

Sulfate Reducing ◽

Low X

ABSTRACT Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) can affect metal mobility either directly by reductive transformation of metal ions, e.g., uranium, into their insoluble forms or indirectly by formation of metal sulfides. This study evaluated in situ and biostimulated activity of SRB in groundwater-influenced soils from a creek bank contaminated with heavy metals and radionuclides within the former uranium mining district of Ronneburg, Germany. In situ activity of SRB, measured by the 35SO4 2− radiotracer method, was restricted to reduced soil horizons with rates of ≤142 ± 20 nmol cm−3 day−1. Concentrations of heavy metals were enriched in the solid phase of the reduced horizons, whereas pore water concentrations were low. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) measurements demonstrated that ∼80% of uranium was present as reduced uranium but appeared to occur as a sorbed complex. Soil-based dsrAB clone libraries were dominated by sequences affiliated with members of the Desulfobacterales but also the Desulfovibrionales, Syntrophobacteraceae, and Clostridiales. [13C]acetate- and [13C]lactate-biostimulated soil microcosms were dominated by sulfate and Fe(III) reduction. These processes were associated with enrichment of SRB and Geobacteraceae; enriched SRB were closely related to organisms detected in soils by using the dsrAB marker. Concentrations of soluble nickel, cobalt, and occasionally zinc declined ≤100% during anoxic soil incubations. In contrast to results in other studies, soluble uranium increased in carbon-amended treatments, reaching ≤1,407 nM in solution. Our results suggest that (i) ongoing sulfate reduction in contaminated soil resulted in in situ metal attenuation and (ii) the fate of uranium mobility is not predictable and may lead to downstream contamination of adjacent ecosystems.

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Synthetic Routes for 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles: A Review

Current Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1385272823666190514074146 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (8) ◽

pp. 860-900 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Chander P. Kaushik ◽

Jyoti Sangwan ◽

Raj Luxmi ◽

Krishan Kumar ◽

Ashima Pahwa

Keyword(s):

Solid Phase ◽

Click Reaction ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Triazole Ring ◽

Copper Catalysts ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽

Biological Targets ◽

Synthetic Routes ◽

High Yields

N-Heterocyclic compounds like 1,2,3-triazoles serve as a key scaffolds among organic compounds having diverse applications in the field of drug discovery, bioconjugation, material science, liquid crystals, pharmaceutical chemistry and solid phase organic synthesis. Various drugs containing 1,2,3-triazole ring which are commonly available in market includes Rufinamide, Cefatrizine, Tazobactam etc., Stability to acidic/basic hydrolysis along with significant dipole moment support triazole moiety for appreciable participation in hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole interactions with biological targets. Huisgen 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne cycloaddition culminate into a mixture of 1,4 and 1,5- disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. In 2001, Sharpless and Meldal came across with a copper(I) catalyzed regioselective synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles by cycloaddition between azides and terminal alkynes. This azide-alkyne cycloaddition has been labelled as a one of the important key click reaction. Click synthesis describes chemical reactions that are simple to perform, gives high selectivity, wide in scope, fast reaction rate and high yields. Click reactions are not single specific reaction, but serve as a pathway for construction of simple to complex molecules from a variety of starting materials. In the last few decades, 1,2,3-triazoles attracted attention of researchers all over the world because of their broad spectrum of biological activities. Keeping in view the biological importance of 1,2,3-triazole, in this review we focus on the various synthetic routes for the syntheisis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. This review involves various synthetic protocols which involves copper and non-copper catalysts, different solvents as well as substrates. It will boost synthetic chemists to explore new pathway for the development of newer biologically active 1,2,3-triazoles.

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Selective Extraction of Lithium from a Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery by Mechanochemical Solid-phase Oxidation

Green Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d0gc03683h ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kang Liu ◽

Lili Liu ◽

Quanyin Tan ◽

Jinhui Li

Keyword(s):

Cathode Materials ◽

Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Iron Phosphate ◽

Selective Extraction ◽

Green Process ◽

Rapid Extraction ◽

Phase Oxidation

This study proposes a green process for selective and rapid extraction of lithium from the cathode materials of spent lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries via mechanochemical solid-phase oxidation. The advantages...

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Oxygenated carbon nanotubes cages coated solid-phase microextraction fiber for selective extraction of migrated aromatic amines from food contact materials

Journal of Chromatography A ◽

10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462031 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 462031

Author(s):

Qingqing Li ◽

Wenmin Zhang ◽

Yuheng Guo ◽

Hui Chen ◽

Qingqing Ding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Aromatic Amines ◽

Solid Phase Microextraction ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Selective Extraction ◽

Contact Materials ◽

Food Contact Materials ◽

Food Contact

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The importance of linkers in the structure of PSMA ligands

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867328666210804092200 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

Author(s):

Anastasia A. Uspenskaya ◽

Ekaterina A. Nimenko ◽

Aleksei E. Machulkin ◽

Elena K. Beloglazkina ◽

Alexander G. Majouga

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Modern World ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

Amino Acid Residues ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Phase Synthesis ◽

Diagnose Prostate Cancer ◽

Positive Effect

: Cancer is one of the leading social problems of the modern world. Today prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among men. Targeted drug delivery is widely used to treat and diagnose prostate cancer. Conjugates selectively binding to prostate specific membrane antigen based on urea ligands are being actively developed against this disease. The linker has a significant influence on the biological activity of such conjugates. The linker performs a large number of functions, and its modification is one of the key methods of creating the best pharmacological profile. This review aims to discuss and analyze the main approaches to the method of introduction and synthesis of linkers for this type of conjugates without a description of the influence of biologically active molecules, as well as to establish the key modification methods that have a significant role on the structure-activity relationship. For this purpose, a review of the current scientific literature was performed, both for the conjugates under development and for those already undergoing clinical trials. It was found that the optimal structure is a linker containing an aliphatic fragment near the vector-molecule (n(CH2) = 3-6), followed by a polypeptide chain consisting of 2 to 4 amino acid residues. The presence of a Phe-Phe dipeptide chain or the introduction of negatively charged groups also has a positive effect. Ongoing research in this field helps to establish the accurate effect of each linker fragment, and the development of solid-phase synthesis methods makes it much easier to achieve this goal.

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