scholarly journals The Possible Relationship between the Abuse of Tobacco, Opioid, or Alcohol with COVID-19

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Yusuf S. Althobaiti ◽  
Maram A. Alzahrani ◽  
Norah A. Alsharif ◽  
Nawal S. Alrobaie ◽  
Hashem O. Alsaab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Injection Equipment ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2

Introduction: Substance use disorder has been frequently reported to increase the risk of infectious diseases, which might be owing to the sharing of contaminated inhalation, smoking, vaping, or injection equipment. Aim: This review analyzes the recent literature with the aim to put in light the possible relationship between the abuse of different substances (Tobacco, opioid, and Alcohol) with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Tobacco: Multiple studies confirmed that cigarette smoking affects the respiratory system by increasing the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptors, which have a significant association with COVID-19 infection rate and disease severity. Opioid: Studies conducted regarding the association of opioid use disorder (OUD) and COVID-19 infection severity are limited; however, opioids can lead to both respiratory depression and kidney injuries, causing poor prognosis for those with COVID-19 infections. Alcohol: People with alcohol use disorders are at risk of developing acute lung injury and severe COVID-19 infection. Alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic has two possible scenarios: either increased or decreased based on situations. Conclusion: SUD has been frequently reported to have a positive relationship with COVID-19 severity Further studies are needed to understand the effects of opioids and alcohol abuse on COVID-19.

scholarly journals Prior Routine Use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and Important Outcomes in Hospitalised Patients with COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eilidh Bruce ◽  
Fenella Barlow-Pay ◽  
Roxanna Short ◽  
Arturo Vilches-Moraga ◽  
Angeline Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection causes acute lung injury, resulting from aggressive inflammation initiated by viral replication. There has been much speculation about the potential role of non-steroidal inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which increase the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a binding target for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to enter the host cell, which could lead to poorer outcomes in COVID-19 disease. The aim of this study was to examine the association between routine use of NSAIDs and outcomes in hospitalised patients with COVID-19. This was a multicentre, observational study, with data collected from adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to eight UK hospitals. Of 1222 patients eligible to be included, 54 (4.4%) were routinely prescribed NSAIDs prior to admission. Univariate results suggested a modest protective effect from the use of NSAIDs, but in the multivariable analysis, there was no association between prior NSAID use and time to mortality (adjusted HR (aHR) = 0.89, 95% CI 0.52–1.53, p = 0.67) or length of stay (aHR 0.89, 95% CI 0.59–1.35, p = 0.58). This study found no evidence that routine NSAID use was associated with higher COVID-19 mortality in hospitalised patients; therefore, patients should be advised to continue taking these medications until further evidence emerges. Our findings suggest that NSAID use might confer a modest benefit with regard to survival. However, as this finding was underpowered, further research is required.

scholarly journals Dilated Cardiomyopathy Risk in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: How to Identify and Characterise it Early?

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maki Komiyama ◽  
Koji Hasegawa ◽  
Akira Matsumori
Keyword(s):  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Direct Binding ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Multiple lines of evidence have shown that elevated blood troponin is strongly associated with poor prognosis in patients with the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Possible mechanisms of myocardial injury in COVID-19 include ischaemia due to circulatory and respiratory failure, epicardial or intramyocardial small coronary artery thrombotic obstruction due to increased coagulability, and myocarditis caused by systemic inflammation or direct binding of the virus to its receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), which is abundantly expressed in the heart. It is postulated that persistent immune activation upon viral infection increases the risk of developing dilated cardiomyopathy in COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Improves Arterial Hypoxemia in Meconium-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Piglets

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Benedikt Treml ◽  
Alexander Loeckinger ◽  
Axel Kleinsasser ◽  
Elisabeth Schoepf ◽  
Ralf Geiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Meconium Aspiration ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Partial Pressures

Objective. Meconium aspiration induces acute lung injury (ALI) in neonates born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid. As yet, there is no specific therapy for improving the outcome. Recently, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which inactivates angiotensin II (Ang II), has been shown to ameliorate murine ALI. Design. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of this substance, we studied ACE2 in a piglet model of ALI induced by meconium aspiration. Subjects. Twelve anesthetized piglets were subjected in an animal research laboratory. ALI was induced by tracheal meconium instillation. Thereafter, six animals were randomly assigned to the ACE2 group, while another 6 served as control. Measurements. Systemic, pulmonary hemodynamic, and blood gas exchange parameters and Ang II levels were examined before ALI induction and at various time points after administering ACE2 or saline. In addition, ventilation-perfusion distribution of the lung was assessed by the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET). Main Results. Animals treated with ACE2 maintained significantly higher arterial partial pressures of oxygen (Pao2) and lower arterial partial pressures of carbon dioxide (Paco2), respectively. Furthermore, Ang II, which was substantially increased, returned to basal values. Conclusion. In summary, ACE2 improves blood gas exchange in meconium-induced ALI in piglets.

scholarly journals Effect of a Mobile-Health Intervention (A-CHESS) on Hepatitis C Testing Uptake Among People with Opioid Use Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karli R Hochstatter ◽  
David H Gustafson Sr ◽  
Gina Landucci ◽  
Klaren Pe-Romashko ◽  
Olivia Cody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Injection Equipment ◽  
Testing Uptake ◽  
Hcv Antibody ◽  
Hcv Testing

BACKGROUND The growing epidemic of opioid use disorder (OUD) and associated injection drug use has resulted in a surge of new hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Approximately half of persons with HCV infection are unaware of their HCV status. Improving HCV awareness and increasing screening among people with OUD is critical. A-CHESS is an evidence-based, smartphone-delivered relapse prevention system that has been implemented among people with OUD who are receiving medication-assisted treatment (MAT) to improve long-term recovery. OBJECTIVE We incorporated HCV content and functionality into A-CHESS to (1) to characterize the HCV care continuum among people in early remission and receiving MAT for OUD and (2) determine whether incorporating HCV content and functionality into A-CHESS increases HCV testing. METHODS HCV intervention content, including dissemination of educational information, private messages tailored to individual’s stage of HCV care, and a public discussion forum, were implemented into the A-CHESS platform. Individuals with OUD were randomly assigned to receive MAT alone (control arm) or MAT + A-CHESS (experimental arm). Quarterly telephone interviews, conducted from baseline to month 24, assessed risk behaviors and HCV testing history. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess overall whether individuals who received A-CHESS were tested for HCV (including either antibody or RNA tested) at a higher rate than those in the control arm. To assess the effect of A-CHESS on subsets of individuals at highest risk for HCV, additional analyses examined the effect of the intervention among individuals who injected drugs and shared injection equipment. RESULTS Between April 2016 and April 2020, 416 individuals with OUD were enrolled. Overall, 44% of the study population was HCV-antibody positive, 30% were HCV-antibody negative, and 25% were considered untested at baseline. At month 24 there was no difference in HCV testing uptake between intervention and control participants overall. However, among the subset of 109 individuals who engaged in injection drug use, there was a slight trend towards increased HCV testing uptake among those who received A-CHESS (89% versus 85%; Hazard Ratio: 1.34; 95% CI: 0.87-2.05; P=.18), and a stronger trend was observed when focusing on the subset of 32 individuals who reported sharing injection equipment (87% versus 56%; Hazard Ratio: 2.92; 95% CI: 0.959-8.86; P=.059). CONCLUSIONS Incorporating HCV prevention and care information into A-CHESS may increase the uptake of HCV testing while preventing opioid relapse when implemented among populations who engage in high risk behaviors such as sharing contaminated injection equipment; however, studies that are powered to detect differences in HCV testing among high risk groups are needed. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02712034. Registered on 14 March 2016. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.2196/12620

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document