scholarly journals Comparison of Knee and Hip Kinematics during Landing and Cutting between Elite Male Football and Futsal Players

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 606
Author(s):  
Abdolhamid Daneshjoo ◽  
Hadi Nobari ◽  
Aref Kalantari ◽  
Mohammadtaghi Amiri-Khorasani ◽  
Hamed Abbasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Valgus Angle ◽  
Injury Mechanisms ◽  
Injury Prevention Program ◽  
Hip Kinematics ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Sport Injury Prevention

To design an accurate sport injury prevention program, alterations in the knee and hip kinematic variables involved in injury mechanisms should be known. The main purpose of the current study was to compare knee and hip kinematic variables during landing and cutting among male football and futsal players, and to discuss them within an injury description frame. Twenty football (20.5 ± 2.1 years., 74.5 ± 6.9 kg and 1.79 ± 0.07 m) and twenty futsal players (20.3 ± 2.0 years., 73.5 ± 7.1 kg and 1.78 ± 0.07 m), with at least three years’ experience of playing in the Kerman Province League, participated in this study. Hip flexion, knee flexion and knee valgus angle during two main movements with risk of injury, such as landing and cutting, were measured using a motion capture system with passive markers at 120-Hz sampling frequency. Landing and cutting maneuvers were administered in as natural way as possible. Results showed significant differences in landing and cutting maneuvers between groups in hip flexion, knee flexion and knee valgus angle. Results indicated that footballers have less extension of hip and knee joints than futsal players in landing maneuvers, which may be due to the higher requirement of jumping−landing maneuvers when playing football. In cutting maneuvers, footballers showed less hip and knee flexion than futsal players, whereas the knee valgus angle in cutting maneuvers was lower in futsal players. More information on the injury mechanisms of landing and cutting in football and futsal are needed to improve the design of injury prevention programs.

Behavior of Arterial Grafts at the Hip and Knee Joints

1982 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Clifford ◽  
R. Skidmore ◽  
J. P. Woodcock ◽  
R. N. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Inguinal Ligament ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Arterial Grafts ◽  
Ultrasonic Scanning ◽  
Acute Thrombosis ◽  
Hip Flexion

Real time ultrasonic scanning with a Duplex scanner (A.T.L.) was used to study Dacron arterial grafts crossing the hip and knee joints in 27 patients (25 males, 2 females), mean age 61 years. Ultrasonic imaging of the grafts was rapid and demonstrated kinking during knee flexion in 83 percent of grafts anastomosed to the distal popliteal artery. Only 7 percent of grafts crossing the inguinal ligament kinked during 60° of hip flexion. Graft kinking during knee flexion may be a factor in acute thrombosis associated with long periods of immobility, such as during air travel.

scholarly journals The Effect of Valgus Control Instruction Exercises on Pain, Strength, and Functionality in Active Females With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Emamvirdi ◽  
Amir Letafatkar ◽  
Mehdi Khaleghi Tazji
Keyword(s):  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Valgus Angle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Control Instruction ◽  
Dynamic Valgus

Background: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is sometimes related to excessive hip adduction and internal rotation, as well as knee valgus during weightbearing activities in females. Research on injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies has shown the positive effects of valgus control instruction (VCI) exercise programs in training. Hypothesis: A VCI program would result in a positive change in pain, eccentric hip muscle torque, and performance in females with PFPS. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Level of Evidence: Level 1. Methods: Sixty-four amateur female volleyball players from our university (age, 18-25 years) with PFPS and equal years of exercise experience were randomly divided into VCI (n = 32; age, 22.1 ± 5.88 years) and control (n = 32; age, 23.1 ± 6.49 years) groups. Function (single, triple, and crossover hops), strength (hip abductor and external rotators), pain (visual analog scale), and knee valgus angle (single-leg squat) were assessed at baseline and after intervention. Results: There was a significant difference before and after implementation of the VCI program with regard to pain (49.18% ↓, P = 0.000), single-leg hop test (24.62% ↑, P = 0.000), triple-hop test (23.75% ↑, P = 0.000), crossover hop test (12.88% ↑, P = 0.000), single-leg 6-m timed hop test (7.43% ↓, P = 0.000), knee dynamic valgus angle (59.48% ↓, P = 0.000), peak abductor to adductor eccentric torque ratio (14.60% ↑, P = 0.000), peak external (59.73% ↑, P = 0.023) and internal rotator (15.45% ↑, P = 0.028) eccentric torques, and the ratio of peak external to internal rotator eccentric torque (40.90% ↑, P = 0.000) ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: PFPS rehabilitation and prevention programs should consider VCI exercises to decrease pain, improve strength, and increase athletes’ functional performance. Clinical Relevance: This study investigated the effect of VCI exercises on knee valgus angle, pain, and functionality of individuals with PFPS. The VCI program improves performance, knee dynamic valgus angle, and strength in participants with PFPS. A controlled and optimal knee valgus angle during a functional task is the most important factor for injury prevention specialists. VCI training can be used as a supplemental method to prevent and treat lower extremity injury in patients with PFPS.

scholarly journals Instruction and Jump-Landing Kinematics in College-Aged Female Athletes Over Time

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jena Etnoyer ◽  
Nelson Cortes ◽  
Stacie I. Ringleb ◽  
Bonnie L. Van Lunen ◽  
James A. Onate
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Retention Test ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Jump Landing ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Hip Flexion

Context: Instruction can be used to alter the biomechanical movement patterns associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Objective: To determine the effects of instruction through combination (self and expert) feedback or self-feedback on lower extremity kinematics during the box–drop-jump task, running–stop-jump task, and sidestep-cutting maneuver over time in college-aged female athletes. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Forty-three physically active women (age = 21.47 ± 1.55 years, height = 1.65 ± 0.08 m, mass = 63.78 ± 12.00 kg) with no history of ACL or lower extremity injuries or surgery in the 2 months before the study were assigned randomly to 3 groups: self-feedback (SE), combination feedback (CB), or control (CT). Intervention(s): Participants performed a box–drop-jump task for the pretest and then received feedback about their landing mechanics. After the intervention, they performed an immediate posttest of the box–drop-jump task and a running–stop-jump transfer test. Participants returned 1 month later for a retention test of each task and a sidestep-cutting maneuver. Kinematic data were collected with an 8-camera system sampled at 500 Hz. Main Outcome Measure(s): The independent variables were feedback group (3), test time (3), and task (3). The dependent variables were knee- and hip-flexion, knee-valgus, and hip- abduction kinematics at initial contact and at peak knee flexion. Results: For the box–drop-jump task, knee- and hip-flexion angles at initial contact were greater at the posttest than at the retention test (P &lt; .001). At peak knee flexion, hip flexion was greater at the posttest than at the pretest (P = .003) and was greater at the retention test than at the pretest (P = .04); knee valgus was greater at the retention test than at the pretest (P = .03) and posttest (P = .02). Peak knee flexion was greater for the CB than the SE group (P = .03) during the box–drop-jump task at posttest. For the running–stop-jump task at the posttest, the CB group had greater peak knee flexion than the SE and CT (P ≤ .05). Conclusions: Our results suggest that feedback involving a combination of self-feedback and expert video feedback with oral instruction effectively improved lower extremity kinematics during jump-landing tasks.

scholarly journals Single-Leg Squat After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: An Analysis of the Knee Valgus Angle at 6 and 12 Months

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 232596712094632
Author(s):  
Lachlan M. Batty ◽  
Julian A. Feller ◽  
Iswadi Damasena ◽  
Gerrit Behrens ◽  
Brian M. Devitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Contralateral Limb ◽  
Valgus Angle ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Operative Limb

Background: Deficits in neuromuscular control are common after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and may be associated with further knee injury. The knee valgus angle during a single-leg squat (SLS) is one measure of neuromuscular performance. Purpose: To determine whether the knee valgus angle during SLS changes between 6 and 12 months after ACL reconstruction and to assess how the operative knee valgus angle compares with that of the contralateral side. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A cohort of 100 patients with uninjured contralateral knees were assessed at 6 and 12 months after primary hamstring autograft ACL reconstruction. Participants performed the SLS on each leg, and the knee valgus angle was measured via frame-by-frame video analysis at 30° of flexion and at each patient’s maximum knee flexion angle. Results: For the operative limb at 30° of flexion, a small but statistically significant reduction was noted in the valgus angle between 6 and 12 months (5.46° vs 4.44°; P = .002; effect size = 0.24). At 6 months, a slightly higher valgus angle was seen in the operative limb compared with the nonoperative limb (5.46° vs 4.29°; P = .008; effect size = 0.27). At maximum flexion, no difference was seen between limbs in the valgus angle at either 6 or 12 months, and no change was seen in the operative limb between 6 and 12 months. At 6 months and 30° of knee flexion, 13 patients had a valgus angle greater than 10°. This group also had a higher mean valgus angle in the contralateral limb compared with the contralateral limb in the other 87 patients (8.5° vs 3.65°; P < .001). Conclusion: During a controlled SLS, the knee valgus angle remained essentially constant, and minimal limb asymmetries were present over the 6- to 12-month postoperative period, a time when athletes typically increase their activity levels. Whether changes or asymmetries will be seen with more dynamically challenging tasks remains to be determined. When present, high valgus angles were commonly bilateral.

scholarly journals 915 Evaluating the implementation of a sport injury prevention program in a school setting

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. A326.1-A326
Author(s):  
Sarah A Richmond ◽  
Oluwatoyosi Owoeye ◽  
Alberto Nettel-Aguirre ◽  
Alison Macpherson ◽  
Carla van den Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Sport Injury ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Injury Prevention Program ◽  
Sport Injury Prevention

scholarly journals The Effects of Injury Prevention Programs on the Biomechanics of Landing Tasks: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1492-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Jambo Alves Lopes ◽  
Milena Simic ◽  
Gregory D. Myer ◽  
Kevin R. Ford ◽  
Timothy E. Hewett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Landing Biomechanics ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Knee Abduction ◽  
Hip Flexion

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is a common injury in sports and often occurs during landing from a jump. Purpose: To synthesize the evidence on the effects of injury prevention programs (IPPs) on landing biomechanics as they relate to the ligament, quadriceps, trunk, and leg dominance theories associated with ACL injury risk. Study Design: Meta-analysis. Methods: Six electronic databases were searched for studies that investigated the effect of IPPs on landing task biomechanics. Prospective studies that reported landing biomechanics at baseline and post-IPP were included. Results from trunk, hip, and knee kinematics and kinetics related to the ACL injury theories were extracted, and meta-analyses were performed when possible. Results: The criteria were met by 28 studies with a total of 466 participants. Most studies evaluated young females, bilateral landing tasks, and recreational athletes, while most variables were related to the ligament and quadriceps dominance theories. An important predictor of ACL injury, peak knee abduction moment, decreased ( P = .01) after the IPPs while other variables related to the ligament dominance theory did not change. Regarding the quadriceps dominance theory, after the IPPs, angles of hip flexion at initial contact ( P = .009), peak hip flexion ( P = .002), and peak knee flexion ( P = .007) increased, while knee flexion at initial contact did not change ( P = .18). Moreover, peak knee flexion moment decreased ( P = .005) and peak vertical ground-reaction force did not change ( P = .10). Conclusion: The exercises used in IPPs might have the potential to improve landing task biomechanics related to the quadriceps dominance theory, especially increasing peak knee and hip flexion angles. Importantly, peak knee abduction moment decreased, which indicates that IPPs influence a desired movement strategy to help athletes overcome dangerous ligament dominance loads arising from lack of frontal plane control during dynamic tasks. The lack of findings for some biomechanical variables suggests that future IPPs may be enhanced by targeting participants’ baseline profile deficits, highlighting the need to deliver an individualized and task-specific IPP.

Effects of Gender and Foot-Landing Techniques on Lower Extremity Kinematics during Drop-Jump Landings

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Cortes ◽  
James Onate ◽  
João Abrantes ◽  
Linda Gagen ◽  
Elizabeth Dowling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
The Self ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Vertical Ground ◽  
Hip Flexion

The purpose of this study was to assess kinematic lower extremity motion patterns (hip flexion, knee flexion, knee valgus, and ankle dorsiflexion) during various foot-landing techniques (self-preferred, forefoot, and rear foot) between genders. 3-D kinematics were collected on 50 (25 male and 25 female) college-age recreational athletes selected from a sample of convenience. Separate repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to analyze each variable at three time instants (initial contact, peak vertical ground reaction force, and maximum knee flexion angle). There were no significant differences found between genders at the three instants for each variable. At initial contact, the forefoot technique (35.79° ± 11.78°) resulted in significantly (p= .001) less hip flexion than did the self-preferred (41.25° ± 12.89°) and rear foot (43.15° ± 11.77°) techniques. At peak vertical ground reaction force, the rear foot technique (26.77° ± 9.49°) presented significantly lower (p= .001) knee flexion angles as compared with forefoot (58.77° ± 20.00°) and self-preferred (54.21° ± 23.78°) techniques. A significant difference for knee valgus angles (p= .001) was also found between landing techniques at peak vertical ground reaction force. The self-preferred (4.12° ± 7.51°) and forefoot (4.97° ± 7.90°) techniques presented greater knee varus angles as compared with the rear foot technique (0.08° ± 6.52°). The rear foot technique created more ankle dorsiflexion and less knee flexion than did the other techniques. The lack of gender differences can mean that lower extremity injuries (e.g., ACL tears) may not be related solely to gender but may instead be associated with the landing technique used and, consequently, the way each individual absorbs jump-landing energy.

scholarly journals A portable exotendon assisting hip and knee joints reduces muscular burden during walking

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Longfei Cheng ◽  
Caihua Xiong ◽  
Wenbin Chen ◽  
Jiejunyi Liang ◽  
Bo Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Spring Stiffness ◽  
Step Width ◽  
Step Frequency ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Hip Extension

Assistive devices are used to reduce human effort during locomotion with increasing success. More assistance strategies are worth exploring, so we aimed to design a lightweight biarticular device with well-chosen parameters to reduce muscle effort. Based on the experience of previous success, we designed an exotendon to assist in swing leg deceleration. Then we conducted experiments to test the performance of the exotendon with different spring stiffness during walking. With the assistance of the exotendon, peak activation of semitendinosus decreased, with the largest reduction of 12.3% achieved with the highest spring stiffness ( p = 0.004). The peak activations of other measured muscles were not significantly different ( p = 0.15–0.92). The biological hip extension and knee flexion moments likewise significantly decreased with the spring stiffness ( p < 0.01). The joint angle was altered during the assisted phases with decreased hip flexion and knee extension. Meanwhile, the step frequency and the step length were also altered, while the step width remained unaffected. Gait variability changed only in the frontal plane, exhibiting lower step width variability. We conclude that passive devices assisting hip extension and knee flexion can significantly reduce the burden on the hamstring muscles, while the kinematics is easily altered.

Age Influences Biomechanical Changes After Participation in an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention Program

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 598-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Thompson-Kolesar ◽  
Corey T. Gatewood ◽  
Andrew A. Tran ◽  
Amy Silder ◽  
Rebecca Shultz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Extensor Muscle ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Valgus Angle ◽  
Peak Knee

Background: The prevalence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries increases during maturation and peaks during late adolescence. Previous studies suggested an age-related association between participation in injury prevention programs and reduction of ACL injury. However, few studies have investigated differences in biomechanical changes after injury prevention programs between preadolescent and adolescent athletes. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to investigate the influence of age on the effects of the FIFA Medical and Research Centre (F-MARC) 11+ injury prevention warm-up program on differences in biomechanical risk factors for ACL injury between preadolescent and adolescent female soccer players. It was hypothesized that the ACL injury risk factors of knee valgus angle and moment would be greater at baseline but would improve more after training for preadolescent athletes than adolescent athletes. It was further hypothesized that flexor-extensor muscle co-contraction would increase after training for both preadolescent and adolescent athletes. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Institutional Review Board–approved written consent was obtained for 51 preadolescent female athletes aged 10 to 12 years (intervention: n = 28, 11.8 ± 0.8 years; control: n = 23, 11.2 ± 0.6 years) and 43 adolescent female athletes aged 14 to 18 years (intervention: n = 22, 15.9 ± 0.9 years; control: n = 21, 15.7 ± 1.1 years). The intervention groups participated in 15 in-season sessions of the F-MARC 11+ program 2 times per week. Pre- and postseason motion capture data were collected during 4 tasks: preplanned cutting, unanticipated cutting, double-legged jump, and single-legged jump. Lower extremity joint angles and moments were estimated through biomechanical modeling. Knee flexor-extensor muscle co-contraction was estimated from surface electromyography. Results: At baseline, preadolescent athletes displayed greater initial contact and peak knee valgus angles during all activities when compared with the adolescent athletes, but knee valgus moment was not significantly different between age groups. After intervention training, preadolescent athletes improved and decreased their initial contact knee valgus angle (–1.24° ± 0.36°; P = .036) as well as their peak knee valgus moment (–0.57 ± 0.27 percentage body weight × height; P = .033) during the double-legged jump task, as compared with adolescent athletes in the intervention. Compared with adolescent athletes, preadolescent athletes displayed higher weight acceptance flexor-extensor muscle co-contraction at baseline during all activities ( P < .05). After intervention training, preadolescent athletes displayed an increase in precontact flexor-extensor muscle co-contraction during preplanned cutting as compared with adolescent intervention athletes (0.07 ± 0.02 vs –0.30 ± 0.27, respectively; P = .002). Conclusion: The F-MARC 11+ program may be more effective at improving some risk factors for ACL injury among preadolescent female athletes than adolescent athletes, notably by reducing knee valgus angle and moment during a double-legged jump landing. Clinical Relevance: ACL prevention programs may be more effective if administered early in an athlete’s career, as younger athletes may be more likely to adapt new biomechanical movement patterns.

scholarly journals The influence of kinesio taping on trunk and lower extremity motions during different landing tasks: implications for anterior cruciate ligament injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahram Sheikhi ◽  
Amir Letafatkar ◽  
Jennifer Hogg ◽  
Esmaiel Naseri-Mobaraki
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Maximum Angle ◽  
Knee Abduction ◽  
Hip Flexion

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of a 72-h KT application on trunk and lower extremity kinematics during different landing tasks. Methods Twenty-nine competitive male athletes participated in this study. The sum of knee valgus and lateral trunk lean, symmetry index (SI), and peak angles of lateral trunk lean, hip flexion, knee abduction and flexion were assessed for all participants during single-leg drop landing (SLDL), single-leg vertical drop jump (SLVDJ), vertical drop jump (DLVDJ), and double leg forward jump (DLFJ), at baseline and seventy-two hours following KT application. Results The KT application resulted in more knee flexion and abduction, sum of knee valgus and lateral trunk lean as compared with the non-KT condition during SLDL (P < 0.05). Nonetheless, there were no differences in SI, maximum angle of the lateral trunk lean during SLDL, SLVDJ, nor hip flexion, knee abduction, and flexion during DLVDJ, and DLFJ tasks (P > 0.05). Conclusions The research findings suggest that KT after 72-h application may improve knee abduction and sum of knee valgus and lateral trunk lean during SLDL, knee flexion during SLDL and SLVDJ in individuals displaying risky single-leg kinematics. Therefore, KT application may marginally improve high-risk landing kinematics in competitive male athletes. Level of evidence Level III.

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