scholarly journals Compounding Parenteral Products in Pediatric Wards—Effect of Environment and Aseptic Technique on Product Sterility

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1025
Author(s):  
Sonja Virtanen ◽  
Karmen Kapp ◽  
Maria Rautamo ◽  
Lotta Schepel ◽  
Carita Lindén-Lahti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Pediatric Nurses ◽  
Patient Room ◽  
Aseptic Technique ◽  
Sterility Testing ◽  
Biological Safety ◽  
Clinical Environments ◽  
Parenteral Products ◽  
Parenteral Product

Parenteral products must be compounded using an aseptic technique to ensure sterility of the medicine. We compared the effect of three clinical environments as compounding areas as well as different aseptic techniques on the sterility of the compounded parenteral product. Clinical pharmacists and pediatric nurses compounded 220 samples in total in three clinical environments: a patient room, a medicine room and biological safety cabinet. The study combined four methods: observation, environmental monitoring (settle plates), monitoring of personnel (finger dab plates) and sterility testing (membrane filtration). Of the compounded samples, 99% were sterile and no significant differences emerged between the clinical environments. Based on the settle plates, the biological safety cabinet was the only area that fulfilled the requirements for eliminating microbial contamination. Most of the steps on the observation form for aseptic techniques were followed. All participants disinfected their hands, wore gloves and disinfected the septum of the vial. Non-contaminated finger dab plates were mostly detected after compounding in the biological safety cabinet. Aseptic techniques were followed relatively well in all environments. However, these results emphasize the importance of good aseptic techniques and support the recommendation of compounding parenteral products in biological safety cabinets in clinical environments.

Implications for the Physical Design of the Postnatal Care Unit from a Targeted Analysis of Issues With Accessing the Bathroom at Night in the Acute Setting: A Secondary Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-312
Author(s):  
Varshita Chirumamilla ◽  
Joseph M. Gerard ◽  
Alison E. Sweeney ◽  
Kristin P. Tully ◽  
Alison M. Stuebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Patient Room ◽  
Hospital Visit ◽  
Acute Setting ◽  
Targeted Analysis ◽  
Standard Patient ◽  
Clinical Environments ◽  
Visual Privacy

Assessing hospital environment conditions is necessary for healthcare providers and patients to coordinate safe care. The aims of this research included: a) identifying patterns in hospital visit feedback transcripts regarding bathroom doors and lights in the hospital room and b) interpreting the results to make recommendations for more enabling clinical environments. The methods used by the research team included organizing transcript data, assigning codes, and conducting an interrater reliability test to assess codebook efficacy. Finally, working with maternal and infant mortality experts, recommendations for the hospital were developed. We identified four possible interventions to address barriers: a) implement low-height, dimmable lighting along the base of the patient room, b) provide personal lights, such as penlights, to staff for nighttime assessments, c) install and improve on existing grab bars in patient room bathrooms and d) replace the standard patient room bathroom door with a different kind of auditory/visual privacy barrier.

Mathematical Modeling and Assessment of Microbial Migration during the Sprouting of Alfalfa in Trays in a Nonuniformly Contaminated Seed Batch Using Enterobacter aerogenes as a Surrogate for Salmonella Stanley

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 2602-2605 ◽  
Author(s):  
BIN LIU ◽  
DONALD W. SCHAFFNER
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Concentrations

Raw seed sprouts have been implicated in several food poisoning outbreaks in the past 10 years. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommends that sprout growers use interventions (such as testing of spent irrigation water) to control the presence of pathogens in the finished product. During the sprouting process, initially low concentrations of pathogen may increase, and contamination may spread within a batch of sprouting seeds. A model of pathogen growth as a function of time and distance from the contamination spot during the sprouting of alfalfa in trays has been developed with Enterobacter aerogenes. The probability of detecting contamination was assessed by logistic regression at various time points and distances by sampling from sprouts or irrigation water. Our results demonstrate that microbial populations and possibility of detection were greatly reduced at distances of ≥20 cm from the point of contamination in a seed batch during tray sprouting; however, the probability of detecting microbial contamination at distances less than 10 cm from the point of inoculation was almost 100% at the end of the sprouting process. Our results also show that sampling irrigation water, especially large volumes of water, is highly effective at detecting contamination: by collecting 100 ml of irrigation water for membrane filtration, the probability of detection was increased by three to four times during the first6hof seed germination. Our findings have quantified the degree to which a small level of contamination will spread throughout a tray of sprouting alfalfa seeds and subsequently be detected by either sprout or irrigation water sampling.

scholarly journals The EmulSiv™ filter removes microbial contamination from propofol but is not a substitute for aseptic technique

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy C. E. Hall ◽  
Donald T. Jolly ◽  
Jiri Hrazdil ◽  
John C. Galbraith ◽  
Maria Greacen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Aseptic Technique

Sterility Testing of Insulin by Membrane Filtration: A Collaborative Study

1970 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1022-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam P. Calhoun ◽  
Mack White ◽  
Frances W. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Sterility Testing

scholarly journals Decontamination and Validation of Isolators for Sterility Testing

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (s3) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Bernuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Operative Procedure ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Typical Application ◽  
Sterility Testing ◽  
Integrity Verification ◽  
Sterility Test ◽  
Good Laboratory

Abstract Decontamination with hydrogen peroxide is a technology widely used to reduce microbial contamination. A typical application of this technology is in the decontamination of sterility test isolators. This article describes how to decontaminate sterility test isolators and validate the process in order to demonstrate that the microbiological target has been achieved and that the risk of false negatives due to residuals of hydrogen peroxide is excluded. Hydrogen peroxide can adversely affect some materials, resulting in inhibition of microbial growth. A package integrity verification, focused on the risk of penetration of decontaminating agent into different product containers and through different materials, is one of the main topics. Several case studies let readers understand the most critical items, choose their materials correctly, and validate the process itself. Hydrogen peroxide measurements on the surface of several materials, inside the primary packaging container, and inside aqueous solutions are part of this article. Validation of the decontamination cycle as well as validation of the operative procedure are key elements for a good laboratory practices approach.

An Evaluation of Microbial Contamination in Ontario Beach Waters: qPCR Vercus Culture for Enterococcus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashlee Rachel Woolfson
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Unit Value ◽  
Recreational Beach ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Contamination in recreational beach water is currently assessed using culture-based measurements of fecal indicator bacteria, a process that requires eighteen to twenty-four hours, from the time of sample collection until results can be released (Converse 2012). Due to the fluctuating nature of microbial contamination, data obtained twenty-four hours later are barely pertinent, and decisions regarding beach closure must be made on outdated information. To avoid this lag, real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has been suggested as an alternate testing method, since it directly measures the genetic material in a sample, and thus can reduce lag time to about three to four hours (Ferretti 2010). The major concern of using qPCR is that the value obtained is a measure of DNA in a sample, and, even though the value can be compared to the amount of DNA in one cell, there may be DNA in the sample that should not be counted towards the total, such as DNA from dead organisms (Haugland 2005). This paper focuses on samples collected during the summer of 2012 from Outlet Beach and Bath Filtration Plant in Kingston, Ontario. DNA was extracted from the samples and subjected to qPCR. The amount of DNA was then compared to a known amount of DNA in calibrator cells. This calculated calibrator cell equivalent value can then be compared to the colony forming unit value, as determined by membrane filtration. Through statistical analysis, a relationship can then be found between the two related values.

A Practical Method of Sterility Monitoring of IV Admixtures and a Method of Implementing a Routine Sterility Monitoring Program

1973 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 276-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Buth ◽  
R.W. Coberly ◽  
F.M. Eckel
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Sterility Testing ◽  
Practical Procedure ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers ◽  
Percent Confidence Level ◽  
Allowable Error

A practical procedure for sterility testing of intravenous admixtures contained in plastic bags using membrane filtration was developed. This technique was then evaluated in a pilot study involving 140 (18 percent) of the large volume intravenous admixtures prepared during June, 1972, by a central pharmacy admixture program. The technique was effective in detecting all of the positive controls, intentionally contaminated, in the pilot study. The pilot study furnished the necessary data to statistically determine a monthly sample size of intravenous admixtures to be cultured, which would represent the entire population at a 95 percent confidence level with a 5 percent allowable error of the mean, and to implement a program of routine sterility monitoring by the hospital's Epidemiology Department. Procedures involved in maintaining sterility in a centralized intravenous admixture program were also implemented and are discussed. Results of this study indicate that a program of routine sterility monitoring of a hospital pharmacy intravenous admixture program can be implemented simply and practically. The program would monitor potential contamination from both the pharmacy and pharmaceutical manufacturers.

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