scholarly journals Comparison of Motor Vehicle Collision Injuries between Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women: A Nationwide Collision Data-Based Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Soonho Koh ◽  
Masahito Hitosugi ◽  
Shingo Moriguchi ◽  
Mineko Baba ◽  
Seiji Tsujimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Rear Seat ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Safety Features

We compared the independent predictive factors for moderate and severe injuries, along with characteristics and outcomes of motor vehicle collisions, between pregnant and non-pregnant women. Using 2001–2015 records from the National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System, we selected 736 pregnant women and 21,874 non-pregnant women having any anatomical injuries. Pregnant women showed less severe collisions, fewer fatalities, and less severe injuries in most body regions than non-pregnant women. In pregnant women, the rate of sustaining abbreviated injury scale (AIS) scores 2+ injuries was higher for the abdomen only. For non-pregnant women, rear seat position, airbag deployment, multiple collisions, rollover, force from the left, and higher collision velocity had a positive influence on the likelihood of AIS 2+ injuries, and seatbelt use and force from the rear had a negative influence. There is a need for further development of passive safety technologies for restraint and active safety features to slow down vehicles and mitigate collisions. The influencing factors identified may be improved by safety education. Therefore, simple and effective interventions by health professionals are required that are tailored to pregnant women.

On Informing Women of Child Bearing Age about Seat Belt Risk during Pregnancy

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 943-946
Author(s):  
Kenya Freeman ◽  
Michael S. Wogalter
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Seat Belts ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Seat Belt Use ◽  
Serious Injuries

Seat belts have been effective in reducing serious injuries and deaths in vehicular accidents. However, their use by women in the third trimester of pregnancy can cause placental damage and fetal injury or death in relatively minor motor vehicle accidents without severely injuring pregnant women. The lack of seat belt use in similar or more serious accidents could cause severe injuries or death to pregnant women from impacts within the cabin or from ejection, and in turn could lead to fetal injuries or deaths. The present study sought to determine whether women between the ages of 16 and 45 (child bearing age) would like to be informed of these risks. Ninety-nine of the 101 women surveyed indicated they would like to be informed of the risks, and that they would expect to find this information in the vehicle's owners manual. in dealing with the risks, some women indicated that they would wear the seatbelts and others indicated they would not. Most respondents indicated that they would reduce the risks by reducing their use of the vehicle during pregnancy. These results have implications for risk communications.

scholarly journals Seatbelt paths of the pregnant women sitting in the rear seat of a motor vehicle

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 343-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahito Hitosugi ◽  
Takeshi Koseki ◽  
Yuka Kinugasa ◽  
Tomokazu Hariya ◽  
Genta Maeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Rear Seat

scholarly journals Autopsy findings in drivers and passengers from fatal motor vehicle collisions: limited differences in injury patterns and toxicological test results

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Mario Breen ◽  
Pål Aksel Næss ◽  
Christine Gaarder ◽  
Arne Stray-Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Contact Point ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Rear Seat ◽  
Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Front Seat ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Autopsy Findings ◽  
Drug Concentrations

AbstractWe performed a retrospective study of the injuries and characteristics of occupant fatalities in motor vehicle collisions in southeast Norway. The goal was to provide updated knowledge of injuries sustained in modern vehicles and detect possible differences in injury pattern between drivers and passengers. Forensic autopsy reports, police, and collision investigation reports from 2000 to 2014 were studied, data extracted and analyzed.A total of 284 drivers, 80 front-seat passengers, and 37 rear-seat passengers were included, of which 67.3% died in front collisions, 13.7% in near-side impacts, 13.5% in rollovers and 5.5% in other/combined collisions. Overall, 80.5% died within one hour after the crash. The presence of fatal injuries to the head, neck, thorax and abdomen were observed in 63.6%, 10.7%, 61.6% and 27.4% respectively. All occupants with severe injuries to the head or neck had signs of direct impact with contact point injuries to the skin or skull. Injuries to the heart and spleen were less common in front-seat passengers compared to drivers. Seat belt abrasions were more common and lower extremity fractures less common in both front-seat and rear-seat passengers compared to drivers. Blood alcohol and/or drug concentrations suggestive of impairment were present in 30% of all occupants, with alcohol more often detected among front-seat passengers compared to drivers.Few driver-specific and passenger-specific patterns of injury could be identified. When attempting to assess an occupant’s seating position within a vehicle, autopsy findings should be interpreted with caution and only in conjunction with documentation from the crash scene.

Fatal Motor Vehicle-Pedestrian Collision Injury Patterns—A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 144-157
Author(s):  
Moheem Masumali Halari ◽  
Michael James Shkrum
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Pedestrian Injury ◽  
Safety Features

Introduction: Injury patterns in pedestrians struck by motor vehicles were described in medical literature first published almost a half century ago. “Classical” triads of injury distribution were described for adults (skull-pelvis-extremity) and subsequently applied to children (head-hip or pelvis-distal femur/knee joint). Notably, these classical triads were derived from two publications reporting clinical observations of only 11 patients, all of whom were adults. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane to determine the evidence-base for motor vehicle collision (MVC)-pedestrian injury “triads” and other trauma patterns described for pedestrians in the adult and pediatric age groups. Results: Of the 1540 full-text articles identified in the review, 56 articles published in English met the inclusion criteria, that is, motor vehicle-pedestrian collision resulting in specific, fatal injuries determined by postmortem examinations. There were variations in injury patterns that differed from the “classical” triads. These differences likely stem from advances in vehicle design and safety features which have affected the nature and distribution of injuries. Discussion: Further research on the correlation of specific injuries sustained by pedestrians of different ages with various types of vehicles and impacts are needed to assess the validity of previously observed injury patterns in relation to the current motor vehicle fleet. Delineation of injury patterns can assist health care teams in trauma management. Vehicle manufacturers and government regulators can better assess whether the introduction of advanced driver assistance features designed to protect pedestrians when struck will be effective in reducing severe injuries. In forensic pathology practice, knowledge of pedestrian injury patterns based on data representative of impacts involving modern vehicles can provide MVC death investigators the means to determine MVC dynamics and pedestrian kinematics.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Pregnant Women’s Injuries and Fetal Loss Due to Motor Vehicle Collisions: A National Crash Data-Based Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Shinobu Hattori ◽  
Masahito Hitosugi ◽  
Shingo Moriguchi ◽  
Mineko Baba ◽  
Marin Takaso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Negative Outcome

To examine the factors that influence substantial injuries for pregnant women and negative fetal outcomes in motor vehicle collisions (MVCs), a retrospective analysis using the National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness Data System was performed in Shiga University of Medical Science. We analyzed data from 736 pregnant women who, between 2001 and 2015, had injuries that were an abbreviated injury scale (AIS) score of one or more. The mean age was 25.9 ± 6.4 years and the mean gestational age was 26.2 ± 8.2 weeks. Additionally, 568 pregnant women had mild injuries and 168 had moderate to severe injuries. Logistic regression analysis revealed that seatbelt use (odds ratio (OR), 0.30), airbag deployment (OR, 2.00), and changes in velocity (21–40 km/h: OR, 3.03; 41–60 km/h: OR, 13.47; ≥61 km/h: OR, 44.56) were identified as independent predictors of having a moderate to severe injury. The positive and negative outcome groups included 231 and 12 pregnant women, respectively. Injury severity in pregnant women was identified as an independent predictor of a negative outcome (OR, 2.79). Avoiding moderate to severe maternal injuries is a high priority for saving the fetus, and education on appropriate seatbelt use and limiting vehicle speed for pregnant women is required.

Does Diversity in The Boardroom Add Value to a Firm?

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Board Composition ◽  
Board Diversity

This study examines whether board diversity affects firm performance. We investigate this study using panel data of a sample of S&P 500 firms during a 12 year period. After controlling for industry, firm size, and other board composition variables, we find that all three board diversity variables of interest – gender, ethnicity, and age have a significant influence on firm performance. While ethnicity and age have a positive influence on firm performance, it was found that gender has a negative influence. Implications for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Concerns or Desires Post-Pandemic: An Extended MGB Model for Understanding South Korean Residents’ Perceptions and Intentions to Travel to China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2542
Author(s):  
Guanghui Qiao ◽  
Xiao-li Zhao ◽  
Luqi Xin ◽  
Seokchool Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
China Post

In this study, we examined South Korean residents’ travel-related behavioural intention for mainland China post-COVID-19 using an extended model of goal-directed behaviour. To do so, we integrated South Korean residents’ perceptions of country image (PCI), mass media, and concerns about travel into the framework of the original model of goal-directed behaviour (MGB). Structural equation modelling was used to identify the structural relationships among the latent variables. The results show that mass media had a positive influence on South Korean residents’ perception of China’s image, a negative influence on residents’ concerns, and a positive influence on residents’ behavioural intentions for travel overseas. Meanwhile, PCI had a positive influence on residents’ attitude towards travel overseas. The theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.

scholarly journals Filling the void of family leadership: institutional support to business model changes in the Italian Industry 4.0 experience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Cucculelli ◽  
Ivano Dileo ◽  
Marco Pini
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
External Support ◽  
Family Management ◽  
Family Leadership

AbstractWe examine whether the probability of innovating a company’s business model towards the Industry 4.0 paradigm is affected by external institutional support and family leadership. Industry 4.0 is the information-intensive transformation of global manufacturing enabled by Internet technologies aimed at reinventing products and services from design and engineering to manufacturing. Using a sample of 3000 firms from a corporate survey on the manufacturing industry in Italy, our results showed that family leadership has a significant positive influence on the adoption of Industry 4.0 business models, but only in terms of family ownership. By contrast, family management has a negative influence on the probability of adopting a new business model. However, this negative influence is almost totally offset by the presence of the Triple Helix, i.e. the external support by public institutions and universities, which counterbalances the lower propensity of family managers to adopt Industry 4.0 business models. This supporting role only occurs when institutions and universities act together.

An experimental study of the influence of riblets on transition

1996 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 31-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Grek ◽  
V. V. Kozlov ◽  
S. V. Titarenko
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Linear Stage ◽  
Turbulent Transition ◽  
Transition Structures ◽  
Stage Transition ◽  
Tollmien Schlichting ◽  
Laminar Turbulent Transition

An experimental study of the effect of riblets on three-dimensional nonlinear structures, the so-called Λ-vortices on laminar-turbulent transition showed that riblets delay the transformation of the Λ-vortices into turbulent spots and shift the point of transition downstream. This result is opposite to the negative influence of such ribbed surfaces on two-dimensional linear Tollmien-Schlichting waves (the linear stage of transition). Thus, the ribbed surface influences laminar-turbulent transition structures differently: a negative influence on the linear-stage transition structures and a positive influence on the nonlinear-stage transition structures. It is demonstrated that transition control by means of riblets requires special attention to be paid to the choice of their location, taking into account the stage of transition.

Finite Element Based Injury Metrics for Pulmonary Contusion From Vehicle to Vehicle Crash Simulations

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry A. Danelson ◽  
Joel D. Stitzel
Keyword(s):  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pulmonary Contusion ◽  
Volumetric Measurement ◽  
Abbreviated Injury Scale ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Injured Lung

Motor Vehicle Crashes (MVCs) are a public health problem in the United States. In 2009, 33,808 Americans were killed in a MVC and 2.22 million more were injured.4 Pulmonary contusion (PC) is a common injury following MVC with over 38% of the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 3+ thoracic injuries identified as some form of PC in a recent National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) study.5 Miller et al. correlated the percent injured lung to the possibility of developing Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). The results indicated that if 20% of the lung was injured, the incidence of ARDS sharply increased with seventy-eight percent of those patients developing ARDS.2 The significance of these findings is that the volumetric measurement of PC can predict possible clinical outcomes.

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