Fatal Motor Vehicle-Pedestrian Collision Injury Patterns—A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 144-157
Author(s):  
Moheem Masumali Halari ◽  
Michael James Shkrum
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Pedestrian Injury ◽  
Safety Features

Introduction: Injury patterns in pedestrians struck by motor vehicles were described in medical literature first published almost a half century ago. “Classical” triads of injury distribution were described for adults (skull-pelvis-extremity) and subsequently applied to children (head-hip or pelvis-distal femur/knee joint). Notably, these classical triads were derived from two publications reporting clinical observations of only 11 patients, all of whom were adults. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane to determine the evidence-base for motor vehicle collision (MVC)-pedestrian injury “triads” and other trauma patterns described for pedestrians in the adult and pediatric age groups. Results: Of the 1540 full-text articles identified in the review, 56 articles published in English met the inclusion criteria, that is, motor vehicle-pedestrian collision resulting in specific, fatal injuries determined by postmortem examinations. There were variations in injury patterns that differed from the “classical” triads. These differences likely stem from advances in vehicle design and safety features which have affected the nature and distribution of injuries. Discussion: Further research on the correlation of specific injuries sustained by pedestrians of different ages with various types of vehicles and impacts are needed to assess the validity of previously observed injury patterns in relation to the current motor vehicle fleet. Delineation of injury patterns can assist health care teams in trauma management. Vehicle manufacturers and government regulators can better assess whether the introduction of advanced driver assistance features designed to protect pedestrians when struck will be effective in reducing severe injuries. In forensic pathology practice, knowledge of pedestrian injury patterns based on data representative of impacts involving modern vehicles can provide MVC death investigators the means to determine MVC dynamics and pedestrian kinematics.

scholarly journals Anti-Human Trafficking Campaigns

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Szablewska ◽  
Krzysztof Kubacki
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
The Future

This study aims to systematically identify and review studies on anti-human trafficking campaigns published in peer-reviewed journals to determine the extent to which such campaigns have been critically and rigorously evaluated so as to guide future policies and practice in this area and to identify the main characteristics, problems, and challenges associated with the campaigns in the identified studies. This systematic literature review identified 16 studies that have assessed anti-human trafficking campaigns but found that none of these included outcome, process, or impact evaluations. As identified in our study, anti-human trafficking campaigns tend to rely on advertising techniques to target vulnerable groups and the wider public, with the primary aim of informing and educating. Further, a thematic analysis of the studies identified problems in eight areas that require attention in the future development of anti-human trafficking campaigns: stereotyping, compounding human trafficking with migration, conflating prostitution with human trafficking, sexualization/erotization of women, victimization, role of anti-human trafficking organizations, data shortcomings, and oversimplification of human trafficking. Studies presenting the results of evaluations of social marketing anti-human trafficking campaigns are urgently needed to show which social marketing tools work and to provide an evidence base for future campaigns.

scholarly journals A Systematic Literature Review on Water Insecurity from an Oregon Public Health Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1122
Author(s):  
Cordelia Schimpf ◽  
Curtis Cude
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Public Health Perspective

This paper systematically reviews existing United States-based water insecurity literature with the goal of understanding the evidence base for developing public health water insecurity intervention strategies in Oregon. The authors conducted the systematic literature review using an adjusted PRISMA reporting checklist to document the review process. Results find 11 public health-related water insecurity interventions including surveillance practices and indicator and policy development. Research on water insecurity health impacts and solutions is still an emerging field. Nevertheless, state agencies perceive a risk to communities from inadequate safe water and are taking steps to assess and reduce these risks. From the review, strategies include improving water affordability, carrying out community education events, documenting drought risk and water loss, and tracking improvements in safe drinking water compliance. The review finds opportunities to take varied approaches that are community-specific, partnership-based and culturally relevant. Recommendations for Oregon include characterizing communities experiencing water insecurity, assessing community needs, tracking regional water scarcity and recognizing the human right to water in Oregon.

scholarly journals Mentalization‐based treatment and its evidence‐base status: A systematic literature review

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Malda‐Castillo ◽  
Claire Browne ◽  
Guillermo Perez‐Algorta
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Evidence Base

Severe Unintentional Injuries to Ohio Children: What We Should Be Addressing at Well-Child Visits

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1092-1099
Author(s):  
Victoria M. Wurster Ovalle ◽  
Wendy J. Pomerantz ◽  
Michael A. Gittelman
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
National Data ◽  
Unintentional Injuries ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Significant Injury

This was a retrospective study examining severe injuries to Ohio children in order to provide pediatricians with targeted injury talking points at well visits. We included children ≤14 years old from the Ohio Trauma Acute Care Registry with severe unintentional injuries from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2012. There were 45 347 patients; 611 died, and the mean age was 6.8 years. Fractures/dislocations were common (46.6%), and many injuries occurred at home (49.1%). In children ≤2 years old, the leading causes of injury were falls and burns/fire; falls and motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) predominated above this age. Leading causes of death were MVCs, drowning, and suffocation. We concluded that national data may not always reflect state-specific injury patterns. In Ohio, though falls and MVCs were the most common mechanisms, fire and drowning also caused significant injury. Given limited time to discuss injury prevention, pediatricians should concentrate on statewide injuries.

Correlating Geographic Location with Incidence of Motor Vehicle–Induced Pedestrian Injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1049-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal Bhutiani ◽  
Keith R. Miller ◽  
Matthew V. Benns ◽  
Nicholas A. Nash ◽  
Glen A. Franklin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Median Household Income ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Pedestrian Injury ◽  
The Impact

To date, no studies have examined the relationship between geographic and socioeconomic factors and the frequency of pedestrians sustaining traumatic injuries from a motor vehicle. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of location on the frequency of pedestrian injury by motor vehicle. The University of Louisville Trauma Registry was queried for patients who had been struck by a motor vehicle from 2010 to 2015. Demographic and injury information as well as outcome measures were evaluated to identify those impacting risk of pedestrian versus motor vehicle accidents. Number of incidents was correlated with lower median household income. There was also a moderate correlation between the number of incidents and population density. Multivariable analysis demonstrated a significant association between increased median household income and distance from downtown Louisville and decreased risk of death following pedestrian versus motor vehicle accident. Incidence of pedestrian injury by motor vehicles is influenced by regional socioeconomic status. Efforts to decrease the frequency of these events should include further investigation into the mechanisms underpinning this relationship.

scholarly journals Efficiency measures of emergency departments: an Italian systematic literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e001058
Author(s):  
Danilo Di Laura ◽  
Lucia D'Angiolella ◽  
Lorenzo Mantovani ◽  
Ginevra Squassabia ◽  
Francesco Clemente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The World

Life expectancy globally increased in the last decades: the number of people aged 65 or older is consequently projected to grow, and healthcare demand will increase as well. In the recent years, the number of patients visiting the hospital emergency departments (EDs) rocked in almost all countries of the world. These departments are crucial in all healthcare systems and play a critical role in providing an efficient assistance to all patients. A systematic literature review covering PubMed, Scopus and the Cochrane Library was performed from 2009 to 2019. Of the 718 references found in the literature research, more than 25 studies were included in the current review. Different predictors were associated with the quality of EDs care, which may help to define and implement preventive strategies in the near future. There is no harmonisation in efficiency measurements reflecting the performance in the ED setting. The identification of consistent measures of efficiency is crucial to build an evidence base for future initiatives. The aim of this study is to review the literature on the problems encountered in the efficiency of EDs around the world in order to identify an organisational model or guidelines that can be implemented in EDs to fill inefficiencies and ensure access optimal treatment both in terms of resources and timing. This review will support policy makers to improve the quality of health facilities, and, consequently of the entire healthcare systems.

scholarly journals Screening Tools as a Predictor of Injury in Gymnastics: Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Armstrong ◽  
Nicola Relph
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Acute Injuries ◽  
Movement Screening ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Gymnastics requires a high level of physical ability and technical skill which utilises short sets of athleticism and artistry to perform complex and intense movements which can overload musculoskeletal tissues and result in acute injuries which can develop into chronic injuries. The aim of this systematic literature review was to investigate which screening tools predict injury in gymnasts and encompasses all genres, levels and ages. Methods An electronic search of seven databases from their inception until March 2021 was conducted. The databases were the Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, CINAHL, eBook Collection (EBSCOhost), MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, SPORTDiscus and PEDro (the Physiotherapy Evidence Base). A combination of the following search terms was used: (1) Gymnastics AND injury AND Screening, (2) Screening AND Gymnastics and (3) Musculoskeletal AND Screening AND Gymnastics. These terms were searched in all text, abstract, title and subject terms. Studies were assessed using a 20-point scoring tool. Results The mean methodological quality score was 13.1 points (range 10–17 points). Range of motion, anthropometric and postural measurements, hypermobility, clinical diagnostic tests, movement screening tools, muscle strength, power and endurance were reported in the included studies. Some evidence existed for screening measurement of height and mass as taller and heavier gymnasts might be more susceptible to injury; however, the different methodologies utilised and lack of acknowledgment of confounding variables limit the clinical relevance of these findings. Conclusions Height and mass should be recorded during the screening process. A lack of heterogeneity in study methodology prevented a meta-analysis. Studies were limited by a lack of prospective injury design, poor injury definition, self-reporting of injury and only 2 studies reported reliability of screening tools. Further research is required to determine the role of injury screening in gymnastics. Registration: The review protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with the registration number CRD42020218339.

scholarly journals P.021 Seizures among drivers in Newfoundland and Labrador

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (S2) ◽  
pp. S26-S26
Author(s):  
KS Aminian ◽  
A Ogunyemi ◽  
J Coombs
Keyword(s):  
Newfoundland And Labrador ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Seizure Type ◽  
Vehicle Collision

Background: Regulation of drivers licences aims to strike a balance between autonomy and public safety. In Newfoundland and Labrador, an individual experiencing seizures must have a 6-month seizure-free interval before a driving licence is reinstated, although exceptions apply. There is a paucity of data surrounding driving safety in people with epilepsy. Methods: The Department of Motor Vehicles and Registration extracted data from the charts of drivers experiencing seizures for the period between 2010-2014, inclusive. Two groups were examined: drivers aged 16-24 (n=104) and 75+ (n=115). Given that mandatory reporting is required in Newfoundland and Labrador, this theoretically represents a population-based study. Results: Overall, 5.1% of the population experienced a motor vehicle collision, and collisions were more frequent among younger drivers. Significantly more people in the 75+ category had a medical history that could have contributed to seizures. Only 37.6% of the overall sample had their first seizure reported. This was not different between age groups or seizure types (generalized vs. focal). Though the age groups differed with respect to seizure type, this did not affect driving safety, as measured by motor vehicle collisions and driving disobedience. Conclusions: We found a high rate of driving disobedience despite the requirement for mandatory reporting and seizure type did not affect driving safety.

Age and Gender Distributions of Pedestrian Accidents across the Life-Span

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1680-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Kingma
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Emergency Unit ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Pedestrian Accidents ◽  
And Gender

Causes of pedestrian accidents ( N = 534) were investigated for patients treated for injuries at the emergency unit of a hospital. Accidents in collisions with motor vehicles were the main cause (87.8%). Young children (0–9 years old) and the elderly (above 60 years of age) are the most vulnerable in terms of mortality rates observed in these age groups. Preponderance of males in pedestrian accidents was observed in the accident categories of collisions with motor vehicle and bicycle, whereas a slight preponderance of females was found in collisions with other traffic. The predominant age groups were located in the range from 0 through 19 years.

scholarly journals The relationship between asthma and suicidal behaviours: a systematic literature review

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Barker ◽  
Kairi Kõlves ◽  
Diego De Leo
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
The Relationship

Asthma is a highly prevalent chronic condition worldwide, and is particularly common in younger people compared to other chronic conditions. Asthma can result in a number of symptoms that are detrimental to the quality of life of sufferers. The aim of the present systematic literature review was to analyse the existing literature on the relationship between asthma and fatal and nonfatal suicidal behaviours.Articles were retrieved from Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest and Web of Knowledge. We searched for the terms (suicid* OR self-harm) AND (asthma* OR “bronchial hyperreactivity”) published in English-language peer-reviewed journals between 1990 and December 2014. Original research papers providing empirical evidence about the potential link between asthma and suicidal behaviours were included.The initial search identified 746 articles. Specific limiting criteria reduced the number of articles to the 19 articles that were finally included in the systematic review.The review found a potential link between asthma and suicide mortality, ideation and attempts across the age groups. Limitations of the review include the restriction to English-language papers published within the chosen time period, the limited number of papers involving suicide mortality, and the fact that the majority of papers originated from the USA.

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