Monitoring Coptic Masonry Affected by Clay Minerals and Microorganisms at the Church of Virgin Mary, Wadi El-Natrun (Egypt)

This paper focuses on the role played by the clay minerals and microorganisms in the deterioration process of Coptic architecture units at the church of Virgin Mary, Wadi El-Natrun region. For this purpose building materials (mainly mortars and plasters) from the studied church were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS); in order to identify their composition and were investigated petro-graphically to determine the real response of the masonry structure to the deformation imposed at the endogenous factors. Wall gypsum mortars in the church contain halloysite as a dominant clay mineral while plaster is clay free; concerning microorganisms, the fungal flora Aspergillus glaucus represent the most dominant fungi constituting (22.22%), Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus occhraceus, and Aspergillus caudidus were also isolated.

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Iconostasis of the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Nakonechne village - the most complete iconostasis ensemble of the XVI century

Bulletin of Lviv National Academy of Arts ◽

10.37131/2524-0943-2019-39-05 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 73-88

Author(s):

Mariia Helytovych

Keyword(s):

Virgin Mary ◽

Xvii Century ◽

Blessed Virgin Mary ◽

History Of ◽

First Time ◽

The Church

The article contains an analysis of the iconostasis of the Assumption of Mary Church located in the vil. Nakonechne (Yavoriv district, Lviv region), which represents the most fully preserved iconostasis ensemble of the XVI century. For the first time, its reconstruction was completed taking into account all saved icons. The article deals with stylistic, iconographic and artistic features of this ensemble, as well as its connection with other iconostases of that time. More precisely, the dating of the monument is argued. In the article, the author suggests to consider an ensemble from Nakonechne as a phenomenon in the history of Ukrainian icon painting, which reflected the most characteristic tendencies that took place in the painting of the second half of the XVI century. The author traces his influence on the iconography of the end of the XVI – the beginning of the XVII century

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Effect of Autoclaving on X-Ray Characteristics of Clay Minerals

Soil Science Society of America Journal ◽

10.2136/sssaj1965.03615995002900020035x ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 225-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

G. Stotzky ◽

L. E. DeMumbrum

Keyword(s):

Clay Minerals ◽

X Ray

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The Metamorphosis of Written Devotion in the Age of Vatican II (c. 1948–c. 1998) in Hungary—Guestbooks in Hungarian Marian Shrines

Religions ◽

10.3390/rel12040235 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 235

Author(s):

Krisztina Frauhammer

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

Vatican Ii ◽

Virgin Mary ◽

Combined Effect ◽

Public Realm ◽

The Public ◽

Written Form ◽

Personal Prayer ◽

The Church

This article presents the Hungarian manifestations of a written devotional practice that emerged in the second half of the 20th century worldwide: the rite of writing prayers in guestbooks or visitors’ books and spontaneously leaving prayer slips in shrines. Guestbooks or visitors’ books, a practice well known in museums and exhibitions, have appeared in Hungarian shrines for pilgrims to record requests, prayers, and declarations of gratitude. This is an unusual use of guestbooks, as, unlike regular guestbook entries, they contain personal prayers, which are surprisingly honest and self-reflective. Another curiosity of the books and slips is that anybody can see and read them, because they are on display in the shrines, mostly close to the statue of Virgin Mary. They allow the researcher to observe a special communication situation, the written representation of an informal, non-formalised, personal prayer. Of course, this is not unknown in the practice of prayer; what is new here is that it takes place in the public realm of a shrine, in written form. This paper seeks answers to the question of what genre antecedents, what patterns of behaviour, and which religious practices have led to the development of this recent practice of devotion in the examined period in Hungarian Catholic shrines. In connection with this issue, this paper would like to draw attention to the combined effect of the following three factors: the continuity of traditions, the emergence of innovative elements and the role of the church as an institution. Their parallel interactions help us to understand the guestbooks of the shrines.

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THE CLAY MINERALS IN SOME BRITISH COLUMBIA SUBSOILS

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss62-039 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 296-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. S. Clark ◽

J. E. Brydon ◽

H. J. Hortie

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Diffraction Analysis ◽

Clay Minerals ◽

Clay Mineralogy ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

The South ◽

Parent Materials ◽

X Ray ◽

Northeastern Part ◽

Montmorillonitic Clay

X-ray diffraction analysis was used to identify the clay minerals present in fourteen subsoil samples that were selected to represent some more important clay-bearing deposits in British Columbia. The clay mineralogy of the subsoils varied considerably but montmorillonitic clay minerals tended to predominate in the water-laid deposits of the south and illite in the soil parent materials of the Interior Plains region of the northeastern part of the Province.

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Clay Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Pockmarked Surface Sediments from the Southwestern Xisha Uplift, South China Sea: Implications for Weathering and Provenance

Geosciences ◽

10.3390/geosciences11010008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Mei Zhang ◽

Hongfeng Lu ◽

Qing Chen ◽

Gayan Bandara ◽

Hui Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South China Sea ◽

Clay Minerals ◽

South China ◽

Surface Sediments ◽

Northern South China Sea ◽

Clay Mineralogy ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Average Weight ◽

X Ray ◽

China Sea

In the northern South China Sea, pockmarks are widely distributed on the seabed offshore on the southwestern Xisha Uplift. The mineralogy and geochemistry of the clay minerals and surface sediments from the pockmark field were identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis to trace the provenance, weathering, and sediment transportation system in the area. The clay minerals are primarily comprised of illite, smectite, kaolinite, and chlorite, showing a distribution of average weight percentages of 35%, 35%, 18%, and 13%, respectively. Based on the surrounding fluvial drainage basins and various transport mechanisms (current or monsoon), illite and chlorite primarily originate from rivers in Taiwan and the Mekong and Red Rivers. Kaolinite primarily originates from the Pearl River, and smectite derived from the Luzon arc system is primarily transported by surface currents with significant influence from the Kuroshio intrusion.

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Magnesium Oxybromides MOB-318 and MOB-518: Brominated Analogues of Magnesium Oxychlorides

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10114032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 4032

Author(s):

Anna-Marie Lauermannová ◽

Michal Lojka ◽

Filip Antončík ◽

David Sedmidubský ◽

Milena Pavlíková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Simultaneous Thermal Analysis ◽

Heating Process ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Sustainable Building ◽

X Ray ◽

Environmentally Sustainable ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Magnesium Oxychloride ◽

Sustainable Building Materials

The search for environmentally sustainable building materials is currently experiencing significant expansion. It is increasingly important to find new materials or reintroduce those that have been set aside to find a good replacement for Portland cement, which is widely used despite being environmentally insufficient and energy-intensive. Magnesium oxybromides, analogues to well-known magnesium oxychloride cements, fit both categories of new and reintroduced materials. In this contribution, two magnesium oxybromide phases were prepared and thoroughly analyzed. The stoichiometries of the prepared phases were 5Mg(OH)2∙MgBr2∙8H2O and 3Mg(OH)2∙MgBr2∙8H2O. The phase analysis was determined using X-ray diffraction. The morphology was analyzed with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The chemical composition was studied using X-ray fluorescence and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was also used. The thermal stability and the mechanism of the release of gasses linked to the heating process, such as water and hydrobromic acid evaporation, were analyzed using simultaneous thermal analysis combined with mass spectroscopy. The obtained results were compared with the data available for magnesium oxychlorides.

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The Research of Iron Containing Wastes Modification Process of Leninabad Rare Metals Plant

Defect and Diffusion Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.410.778 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 410 ◽

pp. 778-783

Author(s):

Pavel V. Matyukhin ◽

Daler I. Mirzoev

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Building Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Filling Material ◽

Rare Metals ◽

X Ray ◽

Modification Process ◽

Before And After ◽

The Republic ◽

Enrichment Process

The paper presents the results of ferriferous wastes modification process research carried on the basis of JCS “Leninobad rare metals Plant” located in the Republic of Tajikistan. The wastes for the study were taken from the western tailing. The article presents the justification of the chosen wastes as a filling material in the development of new radiation protective composite building materials. The data on the initial ferriferous chemical composition of the tailing wastes and the chemical composition of the material that passed the enrichment process is presented. The study contains microphotos of ferriferous haematite raw material particles surface before and after completing the modifying process. The paper presents and describes the study of X-ray phase analysis diffractograms of enriched iron-containing wastes before and after the modification process. The current research proves that the enrichment ferriferous wastes particles modification process is possible and as a result it can be used as a filling for the development of new kinds of radioprotective composite materials.

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Lithofacies Analysis and Qualitative Minerology of the Sediments of #3 Well in the Greater Ughelli Depobelt, Niger Delta Basin

Journal of Scientific Research ◽

10.3329/jsr.v13i2.49948 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 601-610

Author(s):

K. Itiowe ◽

R. Oghonyon ◽

B. K. Kurah

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Clay Minerals ◽

Niger Delta ◽

Reservoir Quality ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Sandy Shale ◽

Heterogeneous Nature ◽

Niger Delta Basin ◽

Shaly Sandstone

The sediment of #3 Well of the Greater Ughelli Depobelt are represented by sand and shale intercalation. In this study, lithofacies analysis and X-ray diffraction technique were used to characterize the sediments from the well. The lithofacies analysis was based on the physical properties of the sediments encountered from the ditch cuttings. Five lithofacies types of mainly sandstone, clayey sandstone, shaly sandstone, sandy shale and shale and 53 lithofacies zones were identified from 15 ft to 11295 ft. The result of the X-ray diffraction analysis identified that the following clay minerals – kaolinite, illite/muscovite, sepiolite, chlorite, calcite, dolomite; with kaolinite in greater percentage. The non-clay minerals include quartz, pyrite, anatase, gypsum, plagioclase, microcline, jarosite, barite and fluorite; with quartz having the highest percentage. Therefore, due to the high percentage of kaolinite in #3 well, the pore filing kaolinite may have more effect on the reservoir quality than illite/muscovite, chlorite and sepiolite. By considering the physical properties, homogenous and heterogeneous nature of the #3 Well, it would be concluded that #3 Well has some prospect for petroleum and gas exploration.

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