scholarly journals Remobilization of Storage Nitrogen in Young Pear Trees Grafted onto Vigorous Rootstocks (Pyrus betulifolia)

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Yang Wu ◽  
Mingde Sun ◽  
Yuanyong Qi ◽  
Songzhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Nutrient Requirement ◽  
15N Tracing ◽  
Cycling Process ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
One Year ◽  
Dwarfing Rootstocks

The remobilization of storage nitrogen (N) is affected by growth characteristics of young pear trees. Aboveground parts of young pear trees grafted on P. betulifolia grew more vigorously than that on dwarfing rootstocks. Therefore, the remobilization of storage N within young pear trees on vigorous rootstocks may be different from that on dwarfing rootstocks. A 15N tracing experiment, including six groups of one-year-old pear trees grafted on vigorous rootstocks in 2016, was conducted to investigate the mobilization of storage N from 2016 to 2018. Results indicated that about 44%, 31.4% and 24.6% of storage N remobilized in new growth was derived from the trunk, shoots and roots, respectively. Most of storage N remobilized in new organs were supplied by trunks and shoots. About 82.2% of storage N withdrawn from senescent leaves were recovered in the trunk and shoots during autumn. The aboveground parts played a more important role than roots in the cycling process of storage N in young pear trees. However, as compared with young pear trees on dwarfing rootstocks, more storage N recovered in new organs were supplied by roots of that on vigorous rootstocks, due to vigorous growth and more nutrient requirement of aboveground parts.

scholarly journals Growth characteristics of one-year-old seedlings of three autochthonous oak species in suboptimal growing conditions

REFORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Nikola Šušić ◽  
◽  
Martin Bobinac ◽  
Mirjana Šijačić-Nikolić ◽  
Andrijana Bauer-Živković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
One Year

STUDIES IN FOREST PATHOLOGY: XX. INVESTIGATIONS OF THE PATHOLOGICAL DETERIORATION IN KILLED BALSAM FIR

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Basham
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Wood Substrate ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Marked Inhibition ◽  
Living State ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
One Year

Studies were begun to assess the significance and interrelationships of five fungi consistently associated with the deterioration of balsam fir trees killed by the spruce budworm, and to explain the succession pattern of the fungi in that process. A yeast and Ophiostoma bicolor Davidson and Wells were the only fungi consistently isolated from the discolored cambium of dying or recently killed trees; Stereum chailletii Pers. and an unidentified hyphomycete, Fungus F, were the principal fungi isolated from the stained sapwood of trees dead less than one year; and Polyporus abietinus Dicks, ex Fries was the only fungus consistently associated with the rotted sapwood of trees dead for more than one year. A gradual and fairly regular lowering of the moisture content, pH, and strength of balsam fir sapwood from the healthy, living state through the various stages of deterioration was recorded. There was no evidence of marked inhibition or antagonism among the fungi tested in pure culture. Although the most vigorous growth of P. abietinus occurred in liquid media adjusted at pH 4.5, compared with 6.5 for Fungus F and S. chailletii, balsam fir sticks of about pH 6.0 were readily infected by P. abietinus in the laboratory. Sticks artificially infected with S. chailletii or P. abietinus developed a pronounced reddish stain and showed significant reductions in toughness, and the pH of aqueous extracts of these sticks was markedly reduced. The same properties of sticks infected with Fungus F differed very little from those of the check sticks. There was no evidence that either Fungus F or S. chailletii was inhibited by the presence of the other in balsam fir sapwood, or that the presence of either had any effect upon the deteriorating capacity of P. abietinus. It is suggested that the principal explanation for the succession pattern of fungi in the deterioration of balsam fir lies in a dependence upon changes in certain properties of the wood substrate, particularly in the moisture content of the sapwood.

scholarly journals Growth characteristics of one-year-old Hungarian oak seedlings (Quercus frainetto Ten.) in full light conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 143 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 229-229
Author(s):  
Nikola Šušić ◽  
Andrijana Bauer-Živković ◽  
Mirjana Šijačić-Nikolić ◽  
Siniša Andrašev ◽  
Martin Bobinac
Keyword(s):  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Quercus Frainetto ◽  
One Year ◽  
Oak Seedlings

U radu su prikazane značajke rasta jednogodišnjih biljaka sladuna u uvjetima potpunog svjetla u poljskom pokusu 2016. godine. U odnosu na višegodišnji prosjek (1981.–2010. godine) srednja temperatura zraka u vegetacijskom razdoblju 2016. godine bila je veća za 1.3<sup>°</sup>C, a količina oborina za 30.1 mm. Broj ožiljaka terminalnih pupova na jednogodišnjim biljkama sladuna (Slika 1), definira broj faza rasta u visinu na temelju kojega su izdvojeni tipovi rasta biljaka: biljke s jednofaznim, dvofaznim i trofaznim rastom. U analiziranom uzorku, 39,8% biljaka pripada jednofaznom tipu rasta, 58,2% dvofaznom, a svega 2,0% trofaznom tipu rasta (Slika 2). S obzirom na mali broj biljaka s trofaznim rastom u visinu, sve biljke su podijeljene u dvije skupine: biljke sa jednofaznim i biljke sa višestrukim rastom u visinu (Tablica 2). Postoje statistički značajne razlike u varijancama uzoraka kod svih značajki rasta između biljaka s jednofaznim i višestrukim rastom na razini p &lt; 0,05, a na razini p &lt; 0,01 između srednjih vrijednosti svih analiziranih elemenata rasta između biljaka s jednofaznim i višestrukim rastom. Primjetno je da raspodjela svih elemenata rasta varira između dvije definirane skupine biljaka. S obzirom na visinu primarnog rasta (H<sub>1</sub>), biljke s jednofaznim rastom su po apsolutnoj varijabilnosti nešto manje varijabilne, a po relativnoj duplo manje varijabilne od biljaka s višestrukim rastom, s blago pozitivnom asimetrijom. Što se tiče ukupne visine, biljke sa višestrukim rastom su znatno varijabilnije kako glede apsolutne varijabilnosti, tako i relativne varijabilnosti i s više izraženom desnom asimetrijom u odnosu na biljke s jednofaznim rastom. Kod biljaka s višestrukim rastom, apsolutna varijabilnost broja listova je dvostruko veća, a ukupne površine listova trostruko veća s izraženom desnom asimetrijom u usporedbi s biljkama s jednofaznim rastom. Postoje značajne razlike između raspodjela biljaka s jednofaznim i višestrukim rastom u visinu. Biljke s jednofaznim rastom imaju manju ukupnu visinu, manji promjer korjenovog vrata, manji broj i ukupnu površinu listova, ali se odlikuju većom srednjom visinom primarnog rasta u odnosu na biljke sa višestrukim rastom, što ukazuje na različite značajke rasta u početnoj fazi i tijekom vegetacijskog razdoblja između ovih tipova biljaka.

scholarly journals Organic Control of Pear Psylla in Pear with Trunk Injection

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Celeste E. Wheeler ◽  
Christine Vandervoort ◽  
John C. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Delivery System ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Pear Psylla ◽  
Pyrus Communis L ◽  
Trunk Injection ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
One Year ◽  
Better Than

Organic production of pears is challenging in part because OMRI (Organic Materials Review Institute) approved biopesticides are short lived when applied as foliar sprays. Trunk injection is an alternative method of insecticide delivery that may enhance the performance of biopesticides for control of pear psylla. The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of azadirachtin and abamectin in the control of pear psylla using two different application methods, airblast sprayer and trunk injection. Trunk injections of azadirachtin and abamectin were compared to airblast applications of equal labeled rates on 33-year-old Bartlett Pear trees (Pyrus communis L., var “Bartlett”). The azadirachtin and abamectin trunk injected treatments performed equally or better than the two airblast applications in the control of the pear psylla. The trunk injected trees from the first season provided a moderate level of control into the second season, one year after the injections. This study suggests that trunk injection is a superior delivery system for biopesticides used in organic pear production.

scholarly journals Preliminary results of renewal pruning an 18 years old sour cherry trees

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Vaszily
Keyword(s):  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Excellent Quality ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
One Year ◽  
Willow Trees ◽  
Cherry Trees

Sour cherry is a light demanding fruit species. As most of the crop is developing from buds on one year old shoots and 2-yearold wood, the formation of bare wood can be seen apparently in a badly maintained canopy. The formation of „whip shoots” indicates the degree of bare wood. Unfortunately in many gardens and commercial orchards sour cherry trees resemble willow trees. Owners often decide to grub old orchards, although the useful cropping lifespan of the trees planted in a correct spacing can be 20-30 years on a move vigorous rootstock. Therefore renewal pruning can contribute to the full renewal of the orchard, but the length of its effect is depending on the growth characteristics and renewal capabilities of the cultivar. The growth characteristics of the cultivars are different. The regeneration capabilities of different aged wood are also different. These differences emphasize the need for cultivar specifi c pruning. Knowing the reactions to renewal pruning, we can ensure regular high crops with excellent quality by applying cultivar specifi c rotation pruning.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION AND PERSISTENCE OF SHORT-TERM RYEGRASSES IN THE NORTHERN NORTH ISLAND

1989 ◽  
pp. 237-242
Author(s):  
N.S. Percival ◽  
G.J. Goold ◽  
G.J. Piggot ◽  
L.J. Cranshaw
Keyword(s):  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Grazed Pastures ◽  
One Year ◽  
Apparent Ability

A range of short-term ryegrasses. including the Grasslands cultivars Moata, Paroa. Tama and Manawa, and Progrow and Corvette, were evaluated at 4 sites in Northland, Waikato and Bay of Plenty. At three of the sites comparisons were also made with Ellett or'Grasslands Nui perennial ryegrasses. Tama and Progrow had strong winter growth but later were relatively poor. Moata and Paroa had stronger spring growth than Tama or Progrow. The persistence beyond one year of Moata and Paroa in grazed pastures was poor. Corvette, an Italian ryegrass ecotype from near Tauranga, had consistently higher yields than Manawa, Moata or Paroa This sometimes increased total pasture yields. Corvette also had ability to persist at least 4 years after sowing. None of the short-term ryegrasses gave summer or autumn productivity as high as Nui or Ellett ryegrasses. A mixture of Ellett and Corvette showed seasonal growth characteristics of both cultivars, implying a production advantage over either sown alone. This paper advocates re-evaluating the role of short-term ryegrasses in the Auckland Province, consequent on the apparent ability of Corvette to co-exist with perennial ryegrasses. Keywords: Italian ryegrass. Moata, Paroa, Te Puna. Corvette, Tama, Progrow, Manawa, Nui, Ellett, persistence

scholarly journals Non-genetic effects on growth characteristics of Brahman cattle

2015 ◽  
pp. 4427-4435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicacia Hernández-Hernández ◽  
Juan Martínez-González ◽  
Gaspar Parra-racamonte ◽  
Martín Ibarra-Hinojosa ◽  
Florencio Briones-Encinia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Birth Season ◽  
Brahman Cattle ◽  
Productive System ◽  
One Year

Objective. To determine how some non-genetic factors influence weights at birth (BW), weaning (WW) and yearling (YW) of Brahman calves. Materials and methods. Data corresponding to 58257, 57045 and 40364 for BW, WW and YW, respectively, were analyzed. The models included the effects of year and season of birth and sex, and were considered simple interactions. Results. All effects were significant (p<0.05) for BW, WW and YW. Only the season of birth didn’t have a significant effect (p>0.05) on WW. The average general BW, WW and YW were 32±3.2, 188±37.7 and 291±56.8 kg, respectively. Variables evaluated that take into account the year of birth show a trend to increase weight each year. In relation to the birth season on BW and YW, it was observed that calves born during the rainy season were heavier than those born during the dry season. Similarly, male calves were heavier than females at birth, weaning and one year of age. The effects of the analyzed interactions were significant (p<0.05) for the three variables, except for the season of birth per sex interaction, which did not have a significant effect (p>0.05) for BW and WW. Conclusions. The studied non-genetic factors were important and should be taken into account in management strategies when striving to increase the efficiency of the productive system. Key words: Zebu, birth weight, weaning weight, year weight. (Source: AIMS)

WATER USE BY DRIP IRRIGATED ONE-YEAR OLD PEAR TREES

2011 ◽  
pp. 339-343
Author(s):  
A. Requena ◽  
G. Nordenströn ◽  
E. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
One Year
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