scholarly journals Frequent Gene Duplication/Loss Shapes Distinct Evolutionary Patterns of NLR Genes in Arecaceae Species

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Xiao-Tong Li ◽  
Guang-Can Zhou ◽  
Xing-Yu Feng ◽  
Zhen Zeng ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Structure Variation ◽  
Evolutionary Pattern ◽  
Domain Integration ◽  
Species Speciation

Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes play a key role in plant immune responses and have co-evolved with pathogens since the origin of green plants. Comparative genomic studies on the evolution of NLR genes have been carried out in several angiosperm lineages. However, most of these lineages come from the dicot clade. In this study, comparative analysis was performed on NLR genes from five Arecaceae species to trace the dynamic evolutionary pattern of the gene family during species speciation in this monocot lineage. The results showed that NLR genes from the genomes of Elaeis guineensis (262), Phoenix dactylifera (85), Daemonorops jenkinsiana (536), Cocos nucifera (135) and Calamus simplicifolius (399) are highly variable. Frequent domain loss and alien domain integration have occurred to shape the NLR protein structures. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that NLR genes from the five genomes were derived from dozens of ancestral genes. D. jenkinsiana and E. guineensis genomes have experienced “consistent expansion” of the ancestral NLR lineages, whereas a pattern of “first expansion and then contraction” of NLR genes was observed for P. dactylifera, C. nucifera and C. simplicifolius. The results suggest that rapid and dynamic gene content and structure variation have shaped the NLR profiles of Arecaceae species.

scholarly journals Trapping-a major tactic of BIPM strategy of palm weevils

CORD ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Singh ◽  
P. Rethinam
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L

Several species of curculionid weevils such as Amerrhinus ynca Sahlberg, Cholus annulatus Linnaeus, C. martiniquensis Marshall, C. zonatus (Swederus), Diocalandra frumenti (Fabricius), Dynamis borassi Fabricius, Homalinotus coriaceus Gyllenhal, Metamasius hemipterus Linnaeus, Paramasius distortus (Gemminger & Horold), Rhabdoscelus obscurus (Boisduval), Rhinostomus barbirostris (Fabricius), R. afzelii (Gyllenhal), Rhynchophorus bilineatus (Montrouzier), R. cruentatus Fabricius, R. ferrugineus (Olivier), R. palmarum (Linnaeus) and R. phoenicis (Fabricius) are associated with palms. Some of these have become a major constraint in the successful cultivation of coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis L.). R. ferrugineus is distributed in over 33 countries and attacks more than two dozen palm species. In the recent past, it has spread to Middle Eastern countries, Mediterranean region of Africa and southern Europe (Spain) causing tremendous economic losses. The yield of date palm has decreased from 10 to 0.7 tons/ha. Coconut palms in India are infested upto 6.9 per cent in Kerala and 11.65 per cent in Tamil Nadu. R. palmarum is a major pest of oil and coconut palms in the tropical Americas and, vectors the nematode, Bursaphelenchus cocophilus (Cobb) Baujard which causes red ring disease (RRD). Palm losses due to RRD are commonly between 0.1 to 15% which amounts to tens of millions dollars. The status of other species is briefed. The grubs of weevils that develop in the stems, bud, rachis of leaves and inflorescence of cultivated, ornamental or wild palms cause direct damage. Because of the cryptic habitat of the grubs, which act as tissue borer, the management becomes difficult.

Rhynchophorus palmarum. [Distribution map].

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Sago Palm ◽  
Rhynchophorus Palmarum ◽  
Metroxylon Sagu ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Abstract A revised distribution map is provided for Rhynchophorus palmarum (Linnaeus). Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae. Hosts: African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), coconut (Cocos nucifera), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), sago palm (Metroxylon sagu) and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in North America (Mexico), Central America and Caribbean (Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Amazonas, Bahia, Maranhao, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela).

Pestalotiopsis palmarum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Cayman Islands ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
New Hebrides ◽  
A Minor

Abstract A description is provided for Pestalotiopsis palmarum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Palmae, including Borassus flabellifer, Chamaerops humulis, Capsicum, Cocos nucifera, Elaeis guineensis, Phoenix dactylifera, P. canariensis, Areca catechu, Arenga, Caryota, Howea, Manilkara hexandra, Musa, Roystonia, Diospyros, Eichhornia, Flacourtia, Pimenta, Pinus, rubber, tea. DISEASE: A minor leaf spot probably restricted to the Palmae and reported as causing disease in Areca catechu, Borassus flabellifer, Cocos nucifera, Chamaerops humulis and Elaeis guineensis. Small yellow-brown spots, becoming whitish to grey with a dark brown border, oval, more than 1 cm long and elongating parallel to the veins, sometimes coalescing, with the dark acervuli on the upper surface within the central part. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Andaman Islands, Australia, Bermuda, Brazil, Cayman Islands, Ceylon, Congo Republic, Colombia, Cuba, Diego Garcia, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Fiji, Ghana, Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Guinea, Guyana, Honduras, Hong Kong, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Italy, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Kenya, Laos, Malagasy Republic, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mozambique, Morocco, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Papua-New Guinea, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Senegal, Seychelles, South Africa, Surinam, Solomon Islands, Samoa, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Thailand, Uganda, USA (California, Florida), Vietnam, Yugoslavia, Zambia. TRANSMISSION: No detailed studies reported.

scholarly journals Estimating Water Needs of Landscape Palms in Mediterranean Climates

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 700-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis R. Pittenger ◽  
A. James Downer ◽  
Donald R. Hodel ◽  
Maren Mochizuki
Keyword(s):  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Chamaerops Humilis ◽  
Washingtonia Filifera

The responses of five landscape palm species [king palm (Archontophoenix cunninghamiana), mediterranean fan palm (Chamaerops humilis), queen palm (Syagrus romanzoffiana), chinese windmill palm (Trachycarpus fortunei), and california fan palm (Washingtonia filifera)] to three levels of irrigation [50%, 25%, and 0% (no irrigation) of reference evapotranspiration] were evaluated in a coastal mediterranean climate in Irvine, CA. Cumulative leaf production varied greatly among the species, but only king and chinese windmill palms produced more leaves with additional irrigation. All species maintained at least minimally acceptable visual quality at the no-irrigation treatment. Mediterranean fan and california fan palms expressed near optimum performance with no irrigation. Many established landscape palms can maintain at least minimally acceptable appearance for an extended period with little or no supplemental water in coastal mediterranean climates. However, when rainfall plus irrigation is less than 50% of reference evapotranspiration, sensitive landscape palms could be expected to appear less attractive and grow less. Responses of palm species in this study were similar to those of many other landscape tree and shrub species, but the water needs of landscape palms are considerably less than those of commercial date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), or coconut palm (Cocos nucifera).

Rhynchophorus palmarum. [Distribution map].

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Rhynchophorus Palmarum ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Rhynchophorus palmarum (Linnaeus). Coleoptera: Curculionidae. Hosts: African oil palms (Elaeis guineensis), coconuts (Cocos nucifera), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). Information is given on the geographical distribution in North America (Mexico, USA, Arizona, California, Texas), Central America and Caribbean (Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Acre, Alagoas, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceara, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Para, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela).

Diocalandra frumenti. [Distribution Map].

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Irian Jaya ◽  
Palm Species

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Diocalandra frumenti (Fabricius). Coleoptera: Curculionidae. Hosts: coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) Canary Island date palm (P. canariensis), African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and a number of other palm species. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Spain (Canary Islands)), Asia (Bangladesh, China, Cocos Islands, India (Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu), Indonesia (Irian Jaya, Java, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Sumatra), Japan (Ryukyu Archipelago), Malaysia (Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak), Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand), Africa (Madagascar, Seychelles, Somalia, Tanzania), South America (Ecuador), Oceania (Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia), Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu).

scholarly journals Concerted and Independent Evolution of Control Regions 1 and 2 of Water Monitor Lizards (Varanus salvator macromaculatus) and Different Phylogenetic Informative Markers

Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Watcharaporn Thapana ◽  
Nattakan Ariyaraphong ◽  
Parinya Wongtienchai ◽  
Nararat Laopichienpong ◽  
Worapong Singchat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Evolutionary Pattern ◽  
Independent Evolution ◽  
Substitution Saturation ◽  
Varanus Salvator ◽  
Monitor Lizards ◽  
Control Regions

Duplicate control regions (CRs) have been observed in the mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of most varanids. Duplicate CRs have evolved in either concerted or independent evolution in vertebrates, but whether an evolutionary pattern exists in varanids remains unknown. Therefore, we conducted this study to analyze the evolutionary patterns and phylogenetic utilities of duplicate CRs in 72 individuals of Varanus salvator macromaculatus and other varanids. Sequence analyses and phylogenetic relationships revealed that divergence between orthologous copies from different individuals was lower than in paralogous copies from the same individual, suggesting an independent evolution of the two CRs. Distinct trees and recombination testing derived from CR1 and CR2 suggested that recombination events occurred between CRs during the evolutionary process. A comparison of substitution saturation showed the potential of CR2 as a phylogenetic marker. By contrast, duplicate CRs of the four examined varanids had similar sequences within species, suggesting typical characteristics of concerted evolution. The results provide a better understanding of the molecular evolutionary processes related to the mitogenomes of the varanid lineage.

Ganoderma boninense. [Distribution map].

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
New South ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Ganoderma Boninense ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Ganoderma boninense Pat. Hosts: Coconut (Cocos nucifera), oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria, China, Hainan, Indonesia, Sumatra, Japan, Kyushu, Peninsular Malaysia, Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan.

Coconut cadang-cadang viroid. [Distribution map].

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Coconut cadang-cadang viroid. Hosts: Coconut (Cocos nucifera), Corypha elata, oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Guam, Philippines, Solomon Islands.

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