scholarly journals Modelling a Severe Transient Anoxia of Continental Freshwaters due to a Scheldt Accidental Release (Sugar Industry)

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Aline Grard ◽  
Etienne Everbecq ◽  
Pol Magermans ◽  
Jean-François Deliège
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Chemical Quality ◽  
River Ecosystem ◽  
Water Quality Modelling ◽  
Industrial Accidents ◽  
Accidental Release ◽  
Hydrographic Network

Most anthropogenic pollution can be controlled, such as domestic and industrial releases, loads from agriculture, etc. However, some of them, which are associated to illegal discharges, industrial accidents, etc., are more difficult to forecast. This study was performed on the Tereos sugar industry accident that occurred during the night of 9 April 2020, when 88,000 cubic meters of effluents loaded with organic matter discharged in the Scheldt River (a 350 km long transnational river that flows through Northern France and Western Belgium). The accident had dramatic consequences on the receiving watercourse, over 120 km downstream. Fish mortalities have been observed and severe deoxygenation, reaching zero concentration in dissolved oxygen, have impacted river chemical quality. The objective was to understand and describe the dynamics of the chemical pollution and its propagation along the transboundary hydrographic network of the Scheldt. A method based on the processes of organic matter degradation in the river ecosystem was enhanced. It is demonstrated that the accident is doubtless the cause of the water column deoxygenation. This paper shows how the water quality modelling can help to understand and therefore to prevent the consequences of accidental pollution on a river network.

scholarly journals Discovery of functional gene markers of bacteria for monitoring hydrocarbon pollution in the marine environment - a metatranscriptomics approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Knapik ◽  
Andrea Bagi ◽  
Adriana Krolicka ◽  
Thierry Baussant
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Oil Biodegradation

AbstractThe use of natural marine bacteria as “oil sensors” for the detection of pollution events can be suggested as a novel way of monitoring oil occurrence at sea. Nucleic acid-based devices generically called genosensors are emerging as potentially promising tools for in situ detection of specific microbial marker genes suited for that purpose. Functional marker genes are particularly interesting as targets for oil-related genosensing but their identification remains a challenge. Here, seawater samples, collected in tanks with oil addition mimicking a realistic oil spill scenario, were filtered and archived by the Environmental Sample Processor (ESP), a fully robotized genosensor, and the samples were then used for post-retrieval metatranscriptomic analysis. After extraction, RNA from ESP-archived samples at start, day 4 and day 7 of the experiment was used for sequencing. Metatranscriptomics revealed that several KEGG pathways were significantly enriched in samples exposed to oil. However, these pathways were highly expressed also in the non-oil-exposed water samples, most likely as a result of the release of natural organic matter from decaying phytoplankton. Temporary peaks of aliphatic alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases and monoaromatic ring-degrading enzymes (e.g. ben, box, and dmp clusters) were observed on day 4 in both control and oil tanks. Few alkane 1-monooxygenase genes were upregulated on oil, mostly transcribed by families Porticoccaceae and Rhodobacteraceae, together with aromatic ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases, mostly transcribed by Rhodobacteraceae. Few transcripts from obligate hydrocarbonoclastic genera of Alcanivorax, Oleispira and Cycloclasticus, were significantly enriched in the oil-treated tank in comparison to control, and these were mostly transporters and genes involved in nitrogen and phosphorous acquisition. This study highlights the importance of seasonality, i.e., phytoplankton occurrence and senescence leading to organic compound release which can be used preferentially by bacteria over oil compounds, delaying the latter process. As a result, such seasonal effect can reduce the sensitivity of genosensing tools employing bacterial functional genes to sense oil. A better understanding of the use of natural organic matter by bacteria involved in oil-biodegradation is needed to develop an array of functional markers enabling the rapid and specific in situ detection of anthropogenic pollution.

scholarly journals Metatranscriptomic Analysis of Oil-Exposed Seawater Bacterial Communities Archived by an Environmental Sample Processor (ESP)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 744
Author(s):  
Kamila Knapik ◽  
Andrea Bagi ◽  
Adriana Krolicka ◽  
Thierry Baussant
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental Sample ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
In Situ Detection

The use of natural marine bacteria as “oil sensors” for the detection of pollution events can be suggested as a novel way of monitoring oil occurrence at sea. Nucleic acid-based devices generically called genosensors are emerging as potentially promising tools for in situ detection of specific microbial marker genes suited for that purpose. Functional marker genes are particularly interesting as targets for oil-related genosensing but their identification remains a challenge. Here, seawater samples, collected in tanks with oil addition mimicking a realistic oil spill scenario, were filtered and archived by the Environmental Sample Processor (ESP), a fully robotized genosensor, and the samples were then used for post-retrieval metatranscriptomic analysis. After extraction, RNA from ESP-archived samples at start, Day 4 and Day 7 of the experiment was used for sequencing. Metatranscriptomics revealed that several KEGG pathways were significantly enriched in samples exposed to oil. However, these pathways were highly expressed also in the non-oil-exposed water samples, most likely as a result of the release of natural organic matter from decaying phytoplankton. Temporary peaks of aliphatic alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases and monoaromatic ring-degrading enzymes (e.g., ben, box, and dmp clusters) were observed on Day 4 in both control and oil-exposed and non-exposed tanks. Few alkane 1-monooxygenase genes were upregulated on oil, mostly transcribed by families Porticoccaceae and Rhodobacteraceae, together with aromatic ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases, mostly transcribed by Rhodobacteraceae. Few transcripts from obligate hydrocarbonoclastic genera of Alcanivorax, Oleispira and Cycloclasticus were significantly enriched in the oil-treated exposed tank in comparison to control the non-exposed tank, and these were mostly transporters and genes involved in nitrogen and phosphorous acquisition. This study highlights the importance of seasonality, i.e., phytoplankton occurrence and senescence leading to organic compound release which can be used preferentially by bacteria over oil compounds, delaying the latter process. As a result, such seasonal effect can reduce the sensitivity of genosensing tools employing bacterial functional genes to sense oil. A better understanding of the use of natural organic matter by bacteria involved in oil-biodegradation is needed to develop an array of functional markers enabling the rapid and specific in situ detection of anthropogenic pollution.

scholarly journals STUDY ON THE PARTICULATE ORGANIC MATTER SUPPLY TO RIVER ECOSYSTEM IN THE DOWNSTREAM OF A DAM

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1117-1122
Author(s):  
Kouji TSUSHIMA ◽  
Kunihiko AMANO ◽  
Masatoshi DENDA ◽  
Toshikazu TOKIOKA
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
River Ecosystem

scholarly journals Biopolímeros, Carbono e Enxofre Totais Associados à Atividade Bacteriana dos Sedimentos Superficiais do Delta do Paraíba do Sul, RJ-Brasil

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Frederico Sobrinho da Silva ◽  
Lazaro Luiz Mattos Laut ◽  
Elisamara Sabadini Santos ◽  
Vanessa Mattos Laut ◽  
Mirian Araújo Carlos Crapez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Element Ratio ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Superficial Sediments ◽  
Domestic Effluents ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Paraíba Do Sul River

The Paraíba do Sul River basin is located on the Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo axis, an area of great demographic density and intense industrialization. This work aimed to perform a quali-quantitative analysis of the organic matter (biopolymers, total organic carbon and sulfur) and the bacterial metabolic state in the estuarine-deltaic superficial sediments of the Paraíba do Sul River, relating them to their granulometric distribution. On average, 65.5% of sediments were classified as sandy and poor in carbon and sulfur, with average concentrations of 0.71% and 0.04%, respectively. The C:S element ratio indicates that the environment is predominantly oxidizing, which is coherent with the strong fluvial influence of such a middle-sized river over the estuary. The carbohydrate (average of 2075.93 μg C/g), protein (average of 25.70 μg C/g) and lipid (average of 363.10 μg C/g) biopolymers also presented concentrations lower than those found in other environments. Based on these low concentrations, the environment was classified as meso-oligotrophic. The CARBOHYDRATE:TOC ratio evidenced the impact from anthropic activities, more specifically from the input of domestic effluents along the entire river's course and from the sugar industry, strongly present on its lower course. The bacterial community responsible for organic matter hydrolysis is predominantly anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic, implying in loss of nitrogen to the atmosphere (denitrification) and production of sulfides (sulfate reduction), and the low PROTEIN:CARBOHYDRATE ratios reflect this loss of nitrogen (present in the protein compounds), considering the occurrence of denitrifying bacteria. The bacterial carbon values found are high (3.29 μg C/g) and they are also probably due to the impacts above described

scholarly journals Concentration of organochlorine pesticides in water and bottom sediments of the Dniester River ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ukrainskiy ◽  
◽  
Svitlana Kovalyshyna ◽  
Yuriy Denga ◽  
Anastasia Ivanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bottom Sediment ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Sediment Pollution ◽  
River Ecosystem ◽  
Pesticides In Water ◽  
Satisfactory State

The main goal of this study is assessing the degree of water and bottom sediment pollution in the lower Dniester by organochlorine pesticides. During the study period, the waters of the lower Dniester were in satisfactory state, an excess of EQS was registered only for the γ-isomer of HCH (Lindane), for other pollutants, an excess of EQS was not noted. The main pollutants were accumulated in bottom sediments, which is associated with the input of organic matter, bio-sedimentation. The concentration of γ-isomer HCH (lindane) in bottom sediments exceeded EQS by 5 and 20 times in spring and summer, respectively, DDT exceeded EQS by more than 4 times in summer, POPs (dieldrin and heptachlor) in summer exceeded EQS by 10.8 and 2.5 times, respectively.

scholarly journals Ecological River Health Assessments Using Chemical Parameter Model and the Index of Biological Integrity Model

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1729
Author(s):  
Jang HaRa ◽  
Md. Mamun ◽  
Kwang-Guk An
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Nutrient Ratios ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
River Health ◽  
Poor Condition

River health is one of the important issues today because of various threats by multiple anthropogenic stressors that have long-term impacts on the physical habitats, biodiversity, ecological functions, and their services. The main objectives of this study is to diagnose the chemical and biological river health in the watershed of Geum River with regard to the chemical regimes (N, P) and fish community using multi-metric chemical pollution index (CPI), and the index of biotic integrity model (IBI), respectively. The empirical models of sestonic chlorophyll, nutrients (N, P), and nutrient ratios of N:P indicated that the watershed, including all sampling sites, was a phosphorus-limited system. Analysis of fish trophic and tolerance guilds showed that the omnivore fish species and tolerant fish species were dominant in the watershed, while the sensitive fish species decreased downstream because of nutrient enrichments (such as TN, TP) and organic matter pollutions (such as BOD, COD). The chemical model of CPI showed that 11 sampling sites were in the fair—good condition, and 8 sites were in poor—very poor condition. Species composition analysis indicated that Zacco platypus was most widely distributed in the watersheds and dominated the fish community. The biological health of the watershed, based on the multimetric IBI model, was in poor condition and was getting worse downstream. The degradation of the river health was matched with the chemical health and showed a decreased abundance of insectivores and sensitive fish species. The outcomes of the river health were supported by principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) of fish model metrics and the physicochemical parameters. Overall, our study suggests that river health was directly influenced by the chemical pollutions of nutrients and organic matter inputs.

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