EFFECT OF LOCKDOWN DUE TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON AIR QUALITY IN THE INDUSTRIAL CITY OF EASTERN INDIA

The lockdown due to coronavirus (COVID-19) was forced in India from March, 25 to May 3 2020 as precautionary actions in contradiction of the diffusion of infectious virus. The objective of this study is to analyse the changes in air quality between pre and during the lockdown in Asansol, the “coal mining city” of Eastern India is characterized by high pollution levels due to several industries leading to human discomfort and even health problems. Secondary data of seven parameters like CO, SO2, NO2, PM2.5, PM10, NH3, and O3 have been collected from the website of the Central Pollution Control Board, India and AQI were calculated as per the calculator provided by CPCB. The result displays a significant reduction of seven parameters from 33.31 % (SO2) to 60.44 % (PM2.5) due to the shut down of all manufacturing units and transportation throughout the lockdown period. The air quality index (AQI) was also upgraded from a very poor to a satisfactory state during this period. Plants are the main carbon sink, so, a green belt project proposal for this polluted city has been recommended to improve air quality management. This lockdown (temporarily) showed some vaccine effect on the air quality, but this is totally against economic growth.

Concentration of organochlorine pesticides in water and bottom sediments of the Dniester River ecosystem

The main goal of this study is assessing the degree of water and bottom sediment pollution in the lower Dniester by organochlorine pesticides. During the study period, the waters of the lower Dniester were in satisfactory state, an excess of EQS was registered only for the γ-isomer of HCH (Lindane), for other pollutants, an excess of EQS was not noted. The main pollutants were accumulated in bottom sediments, which is associated with the input of organic matter, bio-sedimentation. The concentration of γ-isomer HCH (lindane) in bottom sediments exceeded EQS by 5 and 20 times in spring and summer, respectively, DDT exceeded EQS by more than 4 times in summer, POPs (dieldrin and heptachlor) in summer exceeded EQS by 10.8 and 2.5 times, respectively.

Multiple foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract of a 13-year-old child

Introduction. Foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract are various objects of organic and inorganic origin, which are swallowed - not as food - either accidentally or intentionally. The article describes a clinical case of a 13-year-old child with multiple foreign bodies in his gastrointestinal tract which could cause serious complications, such as: perforation of hollow organs, peritonitis, intestinal obstruction, internal bleeding. By statistics, every fourth patient of the conscious age with foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract can potentially have problems in the neuropsychic sphere.Material and methods. A 13-year-old boy was admitted to the Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma (CRIEPST) with nausea, repeated vomiting after each meal and water drinking. The careful anamnesis revealed that before the boy’s state deteriorated, he had swallowed a large number of magnets and metal objects within a short period of time. X-rays examination found multiple foreign bodies in his gastrointestinal tract. They were removed during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS) and surgical intervention.Results. The plain-film X-ray examination of the abdomen in the projection of the stomach revealed a radiopaque group of foreign bodies of a rounded shape as a conglomerate. At FEGDS, 54 objects were removed: 4 metal balls up to 0.5 cm in diameter, 47 round magnets up to 1.5 cm in diameter, a metal chain and two screws. During laparotomy and gastrotomy 99 foreign bodies were removed: 82 magnet balls 0.5 cm in size, 16 metal balls 1.5 cm in size, 1 bolt. The postoperative period was uneventful. The child was discharged on the 12 th day after surgery in the satisfactory state.Conclusion. Due to timely diagnostics and proper curative tactics, multiple foreign bodies were revealed and removed from the child’s stomach endoscopically and surgically within a short period of time. A correctly chosen curative tactics resulted in a complete recovery of the patient without complications on the 12th hospitalization day.

Patterns for Achieving Resilience in Engineered and Organizational Systems

This chapter examines how human-created systems in civil and organizational domains maintain their required capability to function effectively in the face of adversity and identifies the factors that enable these systems to remain resilient. Typical civil systems include power grid systems and transportation systems, such as aircraft. Organizational systems include enterprises and governments. Adversities include natural disasters and terrorist attacks. A recurring pattern in all domains is the ability to anticipate and prepare for adversity. Another recurring pattern is the ability for the system to adapt to the adversity. Some resilient systems can withstand adversity and then degrade gracefully to a satisfactory state, return to a prior state, or change to some new state. Both domains utilize a set of techniques to achieve resilience. These recurring patterns are common to both domains and are essential to the resilience of diverse systems.

ISSR-PCR analysis of genetic variation in populations of Achillea L. species in southern part of Krasnoyarsk Territory and Republic of Khakassia

ISSR-PCR analysis of populations of two species of the genus Achillea, growing in the southern part ofthe Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Republic of Khakassia, was carried out. The results of the study showed that a highlevel of intrapopulation variability is characteristic of Achillea asiatica and A. millefolium. Relatively low indicators ofgenetic variability are noted for populations Aa3 (A. asiatica) and Ak (A. kuprijanovii). The gene pool of all the studiedpopulations is characterized by a satisfactory state and can independently reproduce. Most of the genetic variability ofAchillea millefolium, A. asiatica, and A. kuprijanovii (74.7 %) accounts for the share of intrapopulation diversity, and25.3 % is a minor variation. The studied populations are characterized by a high level of differentiation and are dividedaccording to a systematic criterion.

A Hybrid Model-Based Adaptive Framework for the Analysis of Climate Change Impact on Reservoir Performance

Climate change and population growth have influenced social and physical water scarcity in many regions. Accordingly, the future performance of water storage reservoirs, as one of the fundamental elements in the water resource management, are anticipated to be affected by climate change. This study reports on a framework that can model Reliability-Resiliency-Vulnerability (RRV) measures of water reservoirs in the context of climate change. The framework first develops a hydrological model of a reservoir system using its historical data. The model is then optimised to minimise the water deficit and flooding around the catchment area of the reservoir. The resulting optimal policies are simulated back to the model considering the GCMs. Finally, RRV indices are calculated. RRV indices are effective measures for defining the performance of reservoir systems. Reliability is defined as the probability of the failure of the system, Resiliency is defined as the time needed for the system to go back to its satisfactory state once it entered the failure state, and Vulnerability is defined as the “magnitude of the failure” of a system. The proposed framework has been applied to a reservoir system located in the south-west of Iran on the Dez river. The results show climate change may increase the reliability and resiliency of the system under study while increasing its vulnerability. Therefore, the output of this framework can also provide supplementary information to authorities and decision-makers to inform future water management and planning policies.

Negative factors affecting the development of legal and political cultures: before the problem

In this article we have tried to analyze the negative factors that affect the development of legal and political cultures and are common to them. Any negative factors that exist in civil society are also reflected in the legal and political cultures. One of these factors, in our view, is corruption. In general, corruption is in he rent in any state and any society because it is connected with the human nature, greed and in ability to deny it self and stop in time, therefore, in our view, corruption as well as crime in general can not be over come – they can be substantially reduced. Level but not eradicate. Ukraine today declares its political and legal path to wards Europe, its values ​​and humanistic ideas. The persistent corruption crisis, which has been going on for quite sometime in our country, requires deep social reforms that must first and fore most affect people's consciousness and their social standard of living. It is no better in the political sphere, because today we do not even have a legal definition of the concept of "political corruption"; Today's society is characterized by some ambivalence, we have the same problem in the political sphere as in the legal sphere, namely, on the one hand citizens "cry" about the need to fight corruption, on the other – by all means "help" its prosperity by finding all the time for it self justification, fearing "reprisals", simply be having marginally. Thus, we lose one of the main elements of political consciousness - motivation. Another serious negative factor affecting the development of legal and political cultures is nihilism. Since nihilism is itself a rejection of values, in our case legal, it is quite understandable that languages, not only about the high, but at least satisfactory, state of legal culture cannot be. The spread of legal nihilism in our society has become possible not only because of an unsatisfactory level of lawmaking and enforcement, but also through appropriate political decisions that precede it. In this context, we can say that legal nihilism is characteristic not only of ordinary citizens, but in most of our politicians, top officials who constantly broadcast to the general public their disrespect for the Law. As a result, in the political sphere, this leads to a total distrust of the people in the political establishment of Ukraine, marginal behavior, the pursuit of screen leaders, and as a result of deformation of political consciousness and a decrease in the level of political culture as a whole. As a result of this study, it becomes clear that legal and political culture have common factors that depend on both the speed of their development and the qualitative component.

The Measurement of Statistical Evidence as the Basis for Statistical Reasoning

There are various approaches to the problem of how one is supposed to conduct a statistical analysis. Different analyses can lead to contradictory conclusions in some problems so this is not a satisfactory state of affairs. It seems that all approaches make reference to the evidence in the data concerning questions of interest as a justification for the methodology employed. It is fair to say, however, that none of the most commonly used methodologies is absolutely explicit about how statistical evidence is to be characterized and measured. We will discuss the general problem of statistical reasoning and the development of a theory for this that is based on being precise about statistical evidence. This will be shown to lead to the resolution of a number of problems.

Winter wheat growing in Ukraine: ecological assessment of technologies by the influence on soil fertility

<p>Modern technologies of winter wheat growing need to be improved taking into account the results of ecological evaluation of their impact on soil fertility indices. We aimed to assess the technologies of winter wheat growing in different soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine by their influence on soil fertility. It is known that in order to estimate ecological safety of crop growing technologies, it is advisable to use a method based on identifying negative impacts on soil fertility. We propose the group of deviation values from the optimum as follows: (i) strong, which leads to an unsatisfactory ecological condition (˃ 50 %), (ii) average that provides a satisfactory state (˃ 25 %, but ˂ 50 %), (iii) moderate, which provides a normal state (≤ 10 %, but ˂ 25 %), (iv) absent, an optimal condition is provided (˂ 10 %). It is revealed that technologies of winter wheat growing in the conditions of Polissya, Forest-steppe and Steppe Zones of Ukraine can have a negative influence on potassium regime in soils, the influence by intensity can vary from moderate to strong. In Polissya and Forest-steppe, winter wheat growing can lead to deterioration of soil pH status. In Steppe, along with the potassium regime, the technologies can negatively influence soil nitrogen status and the effect may be characterized as strong.</p>

STATE OF THE FOREST OF BETULA PENDULA ROTH. IN THE SUBURBAN STANDS OF KRASNOYARSK FOREST-STEPPE

The state of stands of B. pendula under conditions of chronic technogenic pollution was studied. Initial datamaterials of a detailed survey of plantings on five permanent trial areas: four-in suburban plantings, one-in birch forests on a transparent background. Surveys were performed in 2008 and 2018. Some calculated indicators assessed the state of stands, the main one being the index of life status. In 2008, a satisfactory state of suburban plantings was established, with no significant differences with the state of the control plantings. The state of stands has deteriorated in recent years (according to 2018 data), incredibly critically – in extreme biotopes (arid hydrothermal conditions, man-made pollution, recreational load). This is due to the decreased resistance of trees B. pendula, but increased the cumulative impact of these limiting factors, further – an increase of activity of pathogens and insects of phyllophagous due to the process of global warming.