Climate change extreme and seasonal toxic metal occurrence in Romanian freshwaters in the last two decades—case study and critical review

The relationship between metal levels in the Olt River ecosystem in southern Romania (measured during 2018‒2019, with 1064 sediment and water samples) and daily climate data were explored to assess the need for targeted source identification and mitigation strategies. In 2018, there was a strong relationship between the sediment Pb, As, Cd, and Hg contents and temperature (r > 0.8, p < 0.001). Mercury in sediments had a positive correlation with precipitation, and Hg in the water correlated with minimum temperature in May 2018 (p < 0.01). In July 2019, heavy metals were positively correlated with precipitation and negatively correlated with temperature. According to nonsymmetrical correspondence analysis, the four climate parameters analyzed were linearly correlated with the frequency of metal detection (p < 0.001) in both years. The statistical analysis showed strong relationships between heavy metal levels and climatic factors and attributed the discrepancies in elemental concentrations between 2018 and 2019 to climate warming.

Biodiversity of the Ingoda River ecosystem

The results of a study of the biodiversity of hydrobionts in the Ingoda River are presented. In phytoplankton sixty six taxa of algae with a rank below the genus have been identified. The zooplankton contains 21 species. The species composition of the macrophytobenthos includes 5 taxa. In the flora of hydrophytes, 15 plant species have been identified. The zoobenthos contains 40 species. Our researches have been showed that widespread species prevail in the flora and fauna of hydrobionts in the Ingoda River. Two alien species (Elodea canadensis and Gmelinoides fasciatus) have been recorded in the Kenon Lake. A very rare East Siberian species of mayfly Acanthametropus nikolskyi has been recorded in the Ingoda River zoobenthos.

Reducing impacts of rice fields nitrate contamination on the river ecosystem by a coupled SWAT reservoir operation optimization model

The present study proposes a multipurpose reservoir operation optimization for mitigating impact of rice fields’ contamination on the downstream river ecosystem. The developed model was applied in the Tajan River basin in Mazandaran Province, Iran, in which the rice is the main crop. We used soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) to simulate inflow of the reservoir and nitrate load at downstream river reach. Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient was used to measure the robustness of SWAT. NSE indicated that SWAT is acceptable to simulate nitrate load of the rice fields. The results of SWAT was applied in the structure of a multipurpose reservoir operation optimization in which three metaheuristic algorithms including differential evolution algorithm, particle swarm optimization and biogeography-based algorithm were utilized in the optimization process. Reliability index, mean absolute error and failure index were used to measure the robustness of the optimization algorithms. Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution was utilized to select the best algorithm. Based on results, particle swarm optimization is the best method to optimize reservoir operation in the case study. The reliability index and mean absolute error for water supply are 0.6 and 5 million cubic meters, respectively. Furthermore, the failure index of contamination is 0.027. Hence, it could be concluded that the proposed optimization system is reliable and robust to mitigate losses and nitrate contamination simultaneously. However, its performance is not perfect for minimizing impact of contamination in all the simulated months.

Perancangan Iklan Sosial “Kali Resik, Solo Apik” Menyadarkan Arti Sungai Bersih Bagi Masyarakat Kota Surakarta

Through a social advertisement or campaign, it is expected to be able to make people care more about the surrounding environment. One of them is more concerned about the river where now many rivers are affected by pollution. The concept of social advertising through a comprehensive campaign strategy through various media (Integrated Advertising Campaign). This design also uses a visual communication method approach based on existing facts, namely the problem of river pollution which has quite an impact on the river ecosystem environment. An important keyword as a slogan is "Kali Resik, Solo Apik” is a strategy to approach community participation to further strengthen campaign activities so that the message to be conveyed can be understood by the entire community. This social advertising campaign is not only aimed at the people of the riverbanks or riverbanks, but also all levels of society in the city of Surakarta.

Perspektif Hipersemiotika pada Pertunjukan Sori in the Land of Lembuna Karya Flying Balloons Puppet dan Gwen Knox

Sori in the Land of Lembuna Performance by Flying Balloons Puppet and Gwen Knox presenting a discourse of river habitat polution phenomenon packed as explorative and imaginative. Analytical method done with hypersemiotic perspective which qualitative interpretative. The review on signs that were present in the performance is done with hypersemiotic perspective. Hypersemiotic perspective analysis used are content of recycled signs that were present in the performance. Lembuna is a character representing the myth of Lembudana and Lembudini, as a past reality, recontextualized into present reality in the form of a Plastic Monster as a representative of environmental pollution from plastic wastes piling up in the river ecosystem. The present of both merge into new reality in the form of a performance, so between signs and reality, even reality and non reality are hard to be distinguished.

Modelling a Severe Transient Anoxia of Continental Freshwaters due to a Scheldt Accidental Release (Sugar Industry)

Most anthropogenic pollution can be controlled, such as domestic and industrial releases, loads from agriculture, etc. However, some of them, which are associated to illegal discharges, industrial accidents, etc., are more difficult to forecast. This study was performed on the Tereos sugar industry accident that occurred during the night of 9 April 2020, when 88,000 cubic meters of effluents loaded with organic matter discharged in the Scheldt River (a 350 km long transnational river that flows through Northern France and Western Belgium). The accident had dramatic consequences on the receiving watercourse, over 120 km downstream. Fish mortalities have been observed and severe deoxygenation, reaching zero concentration in dissolved oxygen, have impacted river chemical quality. The objective was to understand and describe the dynamics of the chemical pollution and its propagation along the transboundary hydrographic network of the Scheldt. A method based on the processes of organic matter degradation in the river ecosystem was enhanced. It is demonstrated that the accident is doubtless the cause of the water column deoxygenation. This paper shows how the water quality modelling can help to understand and therefore to prevent the consequences of accidental pollution on a river network.

Strategy for Sustainable Tami River Management as One of the Priority Watersheds in Indonesia

Rivers and their natural potential are important and useful to support the welfare of people's lives. The Tami River which is located in Keerom Regency is included in the management priority because it is a river located in the border area of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. The Tami river ecosystem stores various kinds of biodiversity that are important to support human life. The research objective is to develop a strategy for managing the Tami river in a sustainable manner by considering it as a priority river within national borders. The results of the research on the Tami river have high biodiversity potential. More than 27 species from 21 plant families were found and 40 species from 28 tree families were also found around the river area. In addition to flora, there is also the potential for fauna of various types of mammals, Avivauna, Heterofauna and various types of birds around the Tami river. The potential of the Tami river can be developed to produce energy for power generation. The Tami river development strategy requires planned and synergized cooperation between parties so that it can be sustainable and provide benefits to the surrounding community.

Physico-chemical Properties and Fish Composition of Ihawan Spring Community Watershed, Tandag, Surigao del Sur, Philippines

The first assessment study in aquatic ecosystem of Ihawan Spring Community Watershed revealed 23 species of fish belonging to 21 families from 22 genera. Species diversity is high, with values 1.88 and 0.42, respectively for Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (‘H) and Simpsons Dominance (D). Out of the 21 families, Butidae and Eleotridae had the highest species composition (8.70%). Interestingly, the fish composition of Ihawan Spring Community Watershed was primarily composed of native (19 spp.), one (1 spp.) endemic, with two (2 spp.) recorded introduced species and one (1 spp.) Invasive Alien Species. The presence of dominant species of native species indicates the healthy state of the freshwater ecosystem of Ihawan Spring Community Watershed. However, the recently classified Invasive Alien Species of Oreochromis niloticus or Nile tilapia may attribute a negative impact in the river ecosystem that may result in the possible decline of native and endemic fish species present in the area. Whereas, the in- situ reading of some physico-chemical parameters like temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH of the Ihawan Spring Community Watershed river ecosystem revealed that all parameter tested have passed the standards set by the Philippine Water Quality Standards for Class AA (potable water) intended primarily for waters having watersheds which are inhabited and otherwise protected. From the findings, additional study especially on the abundance of recorded introduced and Invasive Alien Species is highly recommended to monitor the population abundance between the introduced, Invasive Alien Species, native and endemic species and to establish a real profile of the aquatic ecosystem of Ihawan Spring Community Watershed.